2024年英语专四单项选择题库

定語從句1．Itrainedhardyesterday,preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it→thediagramshows,thesumspentontobaccoisnearlyaslargeasthatspentonalcohol.A.AsB.WhichC.WhatD.Like２.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnotthemanhewastwentyyearsago.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom3.ChinesecustomspolicewonderedifthereweresomeundergroundpassagesthecocainehadbeensmuggledintoChinafromMyanmar.A.throughwhichB.inwhichC.throughthatD.inthat4.ThetemperatureFahrenheitandCelsiusthermometerreadingsareequalis40degrees.A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich5.TherewasastormIhadneverexperiencedbefore.A.suchasB.aswhichC.withwhichD.forsuch6.Theresidents,hadbeendamagedbytheearthquake,weregivenhelpbythegovernment.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes7.Thecoursenormallyattracts30studentsperyear,uptohalfwillfromoverseas.A.inwhichB.forwhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom8.Perhapsthere’onlyonethingonwhichthecitizensofAtlantadoagree:there’sonlyacitywillnotlookthesameorbethesameafterthissummer.A.thatB.whichC.asD.where9.Theteamcanhandlewhatever.A.thatneedshandlingB.whichneedhandlingC.itneedshandlingD.needstobehandled10.Thephysicianhasmadeadiscovery,ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkisC.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkitis11.Johnreturnedwithtwolaborers,withhelpwefinallygetthecaroutofthemud.A.theirB.whoseC./D.that12.Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where→Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where→(1)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where(2)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencomplete.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where(3)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which非谓語動詞1.-whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?-_____theinvitation.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom'sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedsend2.Ican'tgetmycar____oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry____theradiatorwithsomehotwater.A.run,tofillB.running,filingC.running,tofillD.ran,filling3.

Anyone

_________

bags,

boxes,

or

whatever,

was

stopped

by

the

police.

A.

seen

carry

B.

seen

carrying

C.

saw

to

carry

D.

saw

carrying

【分析】此題答案选B，anyone

seen

carrying

bags…為

anyone

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

之略，其中過去分詞短語

seen

carrying

bags

…

用作定語修饰代詞

anyone。此外，句中的

who

was

seen

carrying

bags

為

see

sb

doing

sth

這一构造的被動式。

4.

Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

_________

more

money.

A.

make

B.

to

make

C.

making

D.

made

【分析】此題轻易误选A。有的同學一看到空格前的情态動詞

could

就断定此处应填動詞原形

make。其实對的答案应是B，此句為省略句，即在

could

後省略了動詞

do，若把句子补完整应為Now

everyone

here

was

working

hard

and

doing

what

they

could

do

to

make

more

money，即句中的不定式短語(to

make

more

money)是用作目的状語的，而不是与情态動詞(could)一起构成谓語。請再看类似例句：

(1)

My

parents

did

what

they

could

_________

my

aunt

and

uncle.

A.

help

B.

to

help

C.

helping

D.

helped

(2)

He

read

what

he

could

_________

his

knowledge.

A.

widen

B.

to

widen

C.

widening

D.

widened

以上两題均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式為目的状語。不過，同學們若据此形成思维定势，也會麻烦。為此，請再看两題：

(3)

He

ran

as

fast

as

he

could

_________to

catch

the

bus.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的目前分詞短語

hoping

to

catch

the

bus

用作伴随状語，即一边跑一边但愿能赶上早班車。不過，假如选B，将

to

hope

to

catch

the

bus

视為目的状語行不行呢？不行。由于“他拼命地跑”目的是“為了赶上公共汽車”，而不是“為了但愿赶上公共汽車”，换句话說，将“但愿”作為“目的”不妥。由于同样的原因，下面一題也应选

hoping：

He

studied

as

hard

as

he

could

_________

to

enter

a

good

college.

A.

hope

B.

to

hope

C.

hoping

D.

hoped

(4)

He

spent

every

minute

he

could

_________

foreign

languages.

A.

study

B.

to

studyC.

studying

D.

studied

此題也应选C，不過，它与上題选目前分詞

hoping

表伴随有所不一样，此題的

studying

其实与其前的動詞

spend

有关，即套用的是“spend

+

時间或金钱

+

(in)

doing

sth”這一句型。

5.

All

her

time

_________

experiments,

she

has

no

time

for

sports.

A.

devoted

to

do

B.

devoted

to

doing

C.

devoting

to

doingD.

is

devoted

to

doing

【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下：

(1)

devote

意為“致力于，献身于”，重要用于

devote…to…或be

devoted

to，其中的to

是介詞，不是不定式符号，故後接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。

(2)

选A錯误：若将

do

改為

doing

则可以。

(3)

选B對的：all

her

time

devoted

to

doing

experiments為独立主格构造，用作状語。

(4)

选C錯误：由于all

her

time

与

devote

為被動关系，故应将devoting改為devoted。

(5)

选D錯误：若單独看

All

her

time

is

devoted

to

doing

experiments，此句并没有錯，但問題是逗号前後两個简朴句没有必要的连接方式，因此從整体上看仍不對，假若在後一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D中的is

改為

being也可以。6.

“What

made

her

struggle

_________

an

artist

so

hard?”

“_________

she

was

a

woman.”

A.

became,

不填

B.

to

become,

不填

C.

become,

That

D.

to

become,

That

【分析】此題轻易误选C，想當然地认為第一空应填

become

(不带to)，是由于其前有使役動詞

made。其实，此題应选D，在

What

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard?

一句中，what

是句子主語，made

是谓語，her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

是宾語

(其中的不定式

to

become

an

artist

是修饰her

struggle

的定語)，so

hard

是宾語补足語。許多同學误选C是将

her

struggle

看作宾語，而将

become

an

artist

看作是宾語补足語，照此分析，so

hard

又是什么成分呢？第二空填

That，用以引导主語從句

(此

that

不可省略)，其後的谓語和宾語等被省略，若补充完整，即為

That

she

was

a

woman

made

her

struggle

to

become

an

artist

so

hard.

7.

I

found

I

could

easily

make

myself

_________

by

using

sign

language.

A.

understood

B.

understand

C.

to

understand

D.

being

understood

【分析】答案选A，但轻易误选B，即硬套“make

+

名詞或代詞

+

動詞原形”這一构造。不過對于该构造同學們忽视了一點，就是该构造中的名詞或代詞应与其後動詞有逻辑上的主谓关系，而對于上面一題，myself

与動詞

understand

显然不是主谓关系，而是動宾关系，或者說是被動关系，故此時的動詞应用過去分詞表被動。又如：1)

As

a

teacher,

you

should

make

yourself

_________.

A.

respect

B.

respecting

C.

respected

D.

to

respect

(2)

He

spoke

loudly

so

as

to

make

his

voice

_________.

A.

hear

B.

hearing

C.

heard

D.

to

hear

(3)

Do

you

know

what

made

her

so

_________?

A.

frighten

B.

frightening

C.

frightened

D.

to

frighten

答案均选C，即用過去分詞表达被動意义（其中

frightened

為過去分詞转化来的形容詞）。

8.

Once

your

business

becomes

international,

_________

constantly

will

be

part

of

your

life.

A.

you

fly

B.

your

flight

C.

flight

D.

flying

【分析】最佳答案為D。由于空格後出現了constantly這一副詞，這就阐明不能选B或C，由于B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞

constantly

的修饰。A和D均是也許的，由于其中有動詞

fly。但若选A，you

fly

是一种主谓构造，与其後的谓語

will

be

相冲突，因此只能选D，即動名詞flying在此用作主語。

9.

Not

only

should

you

get

used

_________

under

difficult

conditions

but

you

also

you

pay

more

attention

_________

your

work

well.

A.

to

work,

to

do

B.

to

working,

to

doing

C.

to

work,

to

doing

D.

to

working,

to

do

【分析】對的答案為B，由于

get

used

to与pay

attention

to

這两個构造中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符号，故後接動詞時要用動名詞，不能用動詞原形。类似地，如下各构造中的

to

也是介詞，不是不定式符号，後接動詞時也应用動名詞，而不是動詞原形：

look

forward

to

doing

sth

期望做某事

be

opposed

to

doing

sth

反對做某事

object

to

doing

sth反對做某事

stick

to

doing

sth

坚持做某事

get

down

to

doing

sth

開始做某事

take

to

doing

sth

喜欢上做某事

admit

to

doing

承认做了某事

pay

attention

to

doing

sth

注意做某事

devote

one’s

time

to

doing

sth

把某人的時间用于(奉献于)做某事

be

equal

to

doing

sth

等于做某事，能胜任做某事

What

do

you

say

to

doing

sth

你认為做某事怎么样

10.

“Do

you

have

anything

more

_________,

sir?”

“No.

You

can

have

a

rest

or

do

something

else.”

A.

typingB.

to

be

typed

C.

typed

D.

to

type

【分析】此題轻易误选D，根据

have

sth

to

do

這一常用构造推出。其实，最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾語+不定式”构造中，用作定語的不定式一般用积极式表达被動含义，如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash等，即尽管其中的

some

clothes

与其後的不定式

to

wash

具有被動关系，但却习惯上用积极式表达被動意义。但值得指出的是，此类句型的主語与其後的不定式具有积极关系，如

I

have

some

clothes

to

wash

中的

to

wash

就是由该句主語

I

来完毕的。而上面一題的情形有所不一样，即其中的

to

type

這一動作不是由句子主語

you来完毕的，而是由說话者“我”来完毕的。比较：

Are

you

going

to

Shanghai?

Do

you

have

anything

to

take

to

your

son?

你要去上海吗？你有什么東西要带給你儿子吗？

I’m

going

to

Shanghai

next

week.

I

have

a

lot

of

things

to

take

with

me.

下個星期我要去上海，我随身要带诸多東西去。

同位語從句同位語從句属于名詞性從句,常常跟在fact,promise,reason,truth,idea,opinion,news,hope,belief,suggestion,conclusion,information,order,decision等名詞背面。同位語從句一般用来解释或阐明這些名詞的详细含义或内容,在逻辑上体現為同位关系。

要突破同位語從句,需要注意如下几點:

一、對的使用同位語從句的引导詞。引导同位語從句的重要有连接詞that(不用which),whether(不用if)。

1.假如同位語從句意义完整,不缺乏句子成分,常用that引导同位語從句。例如:

Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我們队获胜的消息。

2.假如同位語從句表达"与否"含义時,常用whether引导同位語從句。例如:

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他与否同意這样一种問題。

[原題再現]

Alongwiththeletterwashispromise________hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

答案:B

二、同位語從句与其中心詞可被谓語動詞等其他成分分隔,此時要能分清句子构造。例如:

Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他忽然想起也許敌人已經逃出城了。

[原題再現]

①Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

②Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars________roadconditionsneed________.

A.that;tobeimproved

B.which;tobeimproved

C.where;improving

D.when;improving

答案:①D②A

三、表达提议、命令、规定等的名詞(如suggestion,proposal,advice,order,request等)後接同位語從句時,從句一般使用虚拟語气,谓語動詞用"(should)+動詞原形"。例如:

Theteachergaveordersthatthework(should)befinishedbefore4o'clock.

Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.同位語從句讲解与练习1．定义：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2.使用方法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联詞多用附属连詞。如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對你生病這件事，他們都很焦急。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听說我不能来？EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.德国已對俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位語從句偶尔由附属连詞whether引导。如：Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.我不懂得他与否来。连接代詞who,which,what和连接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引导同位語從句。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干這项工作，這個問題需要考虑。Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，這個問題我們還没有决定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一种他怎样做了此事的問題。1．that引导的同位語從句与定語從句之区别?

句法功能

意义

that引导的同位語從句

that只起连接從句的作用，無意义。在從句中不充當句子成分。不可省。

补充、阐明

that引导的定語從句

that替代先行詞在從句中不仅起连接作用，還充當一种句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的宾語時可省略。

修饰、限定

如：ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.(同位語從句，that不可省)李先生将是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(定語從句，that在從句中作的宾語，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2．某些表达“提议、命令、规定”的名詞後所跟的同位語從句中，谓語動詞用虚拟語气should+動詞原形表达。should可省。如：Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.這就是我們唯一的祈求：尽快处理這個問題。用合适的连接詞填空：1.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoidea_____wecandowiththesewastematerials.3.____thedoctorreallydoubtsis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishoped____naturewillneverbedestroyed.5.____doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomorrow?6.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?7.Wordcame____Iwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknow____ofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidn’ttellme____wewerewrong.10.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.B.單项选择Itwastrue_____Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.that

B.what

C.that,what

D.what,that2.Does____mattermuch____hecan’tcometothemeeting.A.it,if

B.that,if

C.it,whether

D.this,whether3.--Whatareyouanxiousabout?--____A.Howcanwesucceed

B.Whetherwecansucceed

C.Whencanwesucceed

D.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereason____thelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessis____sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,why

B.why,that

C.that,because

D.for,because5.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Who

B.Whoever

C.Anyone

D.Theperson6.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthat

B.itwasthatC.whereitwas

D.itwaswhy7.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember____.A.where

B.there

C.which

D.that8.--WhatdoyouthinkofChina?--____differentlifeistodayfrom____itusedtobe.A.How,what

B.What,what

C.How,that

D.What,that9.Givethisto____youthinkcandotheworkwell.A.who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever10.____troublesmeis____Ican’tlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,that

B.What,what

C.That,what

D.What,that11.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which答案A.1.that

2.what

3.what,

whether4.that

5.who

6.why

7.

that

8.which9.where10.whateverB.1—5CABBB

6—10ACACD

11.A定語從句和同位語從句的区别同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有区别的,区别重要在如下三方面:1.從詞类上区别同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。如:Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.人們常常讨论大多数劳動力将會在家裏工作的也許性。(同位語從句)Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我們正在调查的問題不是他与否值得信赖的問題。(同位語從句)Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.听說他已經出国了。(同位語從句)Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我們的队赢了,這让我們很快乐。(定語從句)Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位醫生在房间裏面。(定語從句)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他媽媽尽她的最大努力协助他的學习。(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞)