全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二模拟试题

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）

Happypeopleworkdifferently。They’remoreproductive，morecreative，andwillingtotakegreaterrisks。Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork，too。

Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore，accordingtoarecentresearchpaper。2，firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）。That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentforthefuture。

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe

4

andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould

5

thewaycompaniesinvested。SotheycomparedU.S。cities’averagehappiness

6

byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas。7

enough，firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8。Butitisreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment，orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities

9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D？Tofindout，theresearchescontrolledforvarious10

thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvestlikesize，industry，andsales-and-andforindicatorsthataplacewas11

tolivein，likegrowthinwagesorpopulation。Theylinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings。Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms，whichtheauthors13to“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceofyoungerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment。’’Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16。Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces。

17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview，theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility。It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture。Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward–thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage，”saidoneresearcher。

1。[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2。[A]Inreturn

[B]Inparticular

[C]Incontrast

[D]Inconclusion3。[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4。[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5。[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6。[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7。[A]sure[B]odd[C]unfortunate[D]often8。[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9。[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10。[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods

11。[A]desirable

[B]sociable

[C]reputable

[D]reliable12。[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13。[A]attribute

[B]assign

[C]transfer

[D]compare14。[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15。[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16。[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17。[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18。[A]arrives

[B]jumps

[C]hints

[D]strikes19。[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20。[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendactSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）

Text1It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege。Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses，saidTomCortina，theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience。However，Cortinasaid，earlyexposureisbeneficial。Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience，theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing，endlessstringoflettersandnumbers–butatooltobuildapps，orcreateartwork，ortesthypotheses。It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents。Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal。Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap，Cortinasaid。Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege，whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim，whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway。TheFlatironSchool，wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming，startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange。Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum，but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin，”saidVictoriaFriedman，aninstructor。Forinstance，oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood。

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook。Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover，sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket。Buttheskillstheylearn–howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults–applytoanycodinglanguage，saidDeborahSeehorn，aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina。

Indeed，theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall。Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses。Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets，intheiroffices，intheirhomes–fortherestoftheirlives，Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink，howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant–theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat–thebetter。

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_______A。completefuturejobtrainingB。remodelthewayofthinkingC。formulatelogicalhypothesesD。perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers，Flatironhasconsideredtheir________A。experienceB。interestC。careerprospectsD。academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill________A。helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB。havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC。needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD。enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph，Flatironstudentsareexpectedto______A。bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesB。staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustryC。becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD。competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers25.Theword“coax”（Line4，Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto________A。persuadeB。frightenC。misguideD。challenge

Text2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates。Butjustsome22，000birdsremaintoday，occupyingabout16%ofthespecies‘historicrange。ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S。FishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened。“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation，”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe。Someenvironmentalists，however，weredisappointed。Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered，”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats。ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe”threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew，potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches。Inparticular，theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments，whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction。andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken‘shabitat。

Undertheplan，forexample，theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill，harm，ordisturbthebird，aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat。NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates，theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat。Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat，USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67，000birdsoverthenext10years。AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA），acoalitionofstateagencies，thejobofmonitoringprogress。Overall，theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver‘sseatformanagingthespecies，”Ashesaid。

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric。SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan，andatleastadozenindustrygroups，fourstates，andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt。Notsurprisingly，doesn’tgofarenough。“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction，”saysbiologistJayLininger。

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____。[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____。[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____。[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin______。[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowners[D]thestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______。[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryone‘stoobusythesedaysisacliché。Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：There’sneveranytimetoread。

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon‘tseemsufficient。Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread：“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes。”Butinmyexperience，usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn‘twork。Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook‘sthelastthingyouneed。Themodernmind，TimParks，anovelistandcritic，writes，“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted；itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption。”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime，butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient。

Infact，“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem。Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally，judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal。Immersivereading，bycontrast，dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency，goallessness，eventime-wasting。Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou‘llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful，sometimes，butnotthemostfulfillingkind。“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt，”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime，and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles（days，hours，minutes）astheypass，foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled，wewillhavewastedthem。”Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook。

Sowhatdoeswork？Perhapssurprisingly，schedulingregulartimesforreading。You‘dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set，butinfact，Eberlenotes，suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime。”Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks，oronsingle-purposee-readers。“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork，too-providingyoudipinoftenenough，sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness，beforedroppingbackdown。Onareallygoodday，itnolongerfeelsasifyou‘re“makingtimetoread，”butjustreading，andmakingtimeforeverythingelse。

31。Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause。[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32。The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto

。[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereading

33。Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps。[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading34。“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif。[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35。Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe。[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensively

Text4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure，youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess，alatestpollhasfound。Acrossgenerationallines，Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife，includinggettingmarried，havingchildren，owningahome，andretiringintheirsixties。Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife，theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit。

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork，tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs，tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife，toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren，andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome，thesurveyfound。

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily，thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession，thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife，fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics。

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint：Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations。Whlieyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday，bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougheragood-payingjob，startingafamily，managingdebt，andfindingaffordablehousing。

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday。Schneider，a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege。Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily，hesaid。”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown，soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen。”Lookingback，heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheir

childreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung。“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees，”Schneidersaid。“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore。”

36。Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis。[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness37。ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto。[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38。Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill。[A]becomeincreasinglyclear[B]focusonmaterialisticissues[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39。Bothyoungandoldagreethat。[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40。WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider？[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess[C]Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree[D]HethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallengingPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs（41-45）。Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）A。BesillyB。HavefunC。AskforhelpD。Expressyouremotions。E。Don’toverthinkitF。BeeasilypleasedG。Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize，NotYourAge。（1）Asadults，itseemsthatwe’reconstantlypursuinghappiness，oftenwithmixedresults。Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon’tneedself-helpbooksortherapy。Instead，theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups。Perhapsit’stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem。

41___________。（2）Whatdoesachilddowhenhe’ssad？Hecries。Whenhe’sangry？Heshouts。Scared？Probablyabitofboth。Aswegrowup，welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon’tdictateourbehaviours，whichisinmanywaysagoodthing。Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions，especiallynegativeones。That’saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill。Whatwefeelappropriatelyandthen-again，likechildren-moveon。

42__________。AcoupleofChristmasesago，myyoungeststepdaughter，whowas9yearsoldatthetime，gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas。Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed，andcouldn’tbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent，buttherealityisthesethingshavelittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels。Instead，beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing。

43__________。Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh？Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling，wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies，increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins，improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection。Allofwhichwould，ofcourse，haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels。

44__________。Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere’sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work，mortgagepayments，figuringoutwhattocookfordinner。Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit’simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingwelove。Thosethingsmightbesocial，sporting，creativeorcompletelyrandom（dancingaroundthelivingroom，anyone？）-itdoesn’tmatter，solongasthey’reenjoyable，andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects，suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou’reonatightbudget。

45__________。Havingsaidalloftheabove，it’simportanttoaddthatweshouldn’ttrytoohardtobehappy。Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing。AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid：“Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness。”Andinthat，oncemore，weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren，towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive。SectionIII

Translation

Directions：TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese。WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET。（15points）Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors。Thereasonforthisissimple：Thelongeryoustayinthestore，themorestuffyou’llsee，andthemorestuffyousee，themoreyou’llbuy。Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff。Theaveragesupermarket，accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute，carriessome44，000differentitems，andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore。Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload。Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments，thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus。Afterabout40minutesofshopping，mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective，andinsteadbeganshoppingemotionally—whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuff

inourcartthatweneverintendedbuying。

SectionIVWritingPartA47。