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高考英语从属连词知识讲解

一、SubordinatingConjuction

1.引导时间状语从句的连词:

这类连词主要有:

when:

Don'tgetexcitedwhenyoutalk.

Whenhegotuphefeltdizzy.

WhenhecomesI'lltellhimaboutit.

Weweregoingtothezoowhenwemether.

Wewearplimsollswhendoingphysicalexercises.

Hegavegoodpracticaladvicewhenasked.

Oftenshewouldweepwhenalone.

while:

Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.

Whilesheateshegrewmorerestless.

WhilethediscussionwasgoingonPetercamein.

WhileIwashavingdinnerAnnwaspacking.

Whiledoingso,wedeciedetoselltheboat.

Hehadanaccidentwhileonhiswayhere,

as:

Ashespoketwomencameup.

Asshewasleaving,MrWhitesawher.

Hesmiledashepassed.

Asshesangtearsrandownhercheeks.

Evenasaboyhewashopelessatmaths.

before:

Lookbeforeyouleap.

Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.

Itwasn'tlongbeforehetoldusaboutit.

Islippedoutbeforethelecturestarted.

JustbeforeIleftLondonIsenthimatelegraph,

after:

Iarrivedafterhehadleft.

Afterhehadsaidafewwords,Itookhisfloor.

Soonafterwereturned,thechildvomited.

I'lltellthemafteryouhaveleft.

until,till:

Wedancedanddanceduntiltheyalljoinedin.

GoawayuntilIhavefinishedspeakingtoyourfather.

ItwasnotuntilIsawhernextmorningthatIfelthappy.

1111takenostepsuntilyouarrive.

Iproposewaitingtillthepolicegethere.

Hedeterminedtostaytill(until)theyearwasup.

since:

HowlongisitsinceyoucametoLondon?

HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.

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SinceMariehadleft,Marthahadmarried.

ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.

whenever:

Youcanborrowmycarwheneveryouwant.

IgoandvisithimwheneverI*mintown.

Wheneverhestayedhomehewenttobedearly.

Wheneveranyonewasillheinstalledhimselfassick-nurse.

Wheneverpossible,theyplayoutside.

还有一些其他类型的时间状语从句,例如:

Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.

Didhetellyouanythingimportantthelasttimehesawyou?

Now(that)you*rewellagainyoucantravel.

OnceyouhavelearnedSpanishyouwillfindItalianeasy.

Immediatelysheentered,hiseyeslitup.

She'llcomeoverassoonasI'vesettleddown.

Nosoonerhadshearrivedthanshebegantocomplain.

ThemomenthespokeIrecognizedhisvoice.

Hardlyhadwegotoutwhenitbegantosnow.

ScarcelyhadIcomeinwhenthephonerang.

这些句子中的某些词(组)起着连词的作用(如assoonas,nosooner...than,themoment...,

hardly...),有的词甚至已经变成连词(如immediately,now,nowthat)o

2.引导条件状语从句的连词:

条件状语从句主要由if,unless,supposing(suppose)引导:

if:

Imustleaveifthat'sthecase.

WhatwouldDianathinkofhimifhefailed?

Ifshesaidso,she'saliar.

Iftrue,thiswillcauseusalotoftrouble.

Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.

Hewillcomeifasked.

Ifconvenient,I'llbewithyounextTuesday.

unless:

Iwon*twriteunlesshewritesfirst.

UnlessI'mmistaken,11veseenthatmanbefore.

I'llgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.

He'dneverdothisunlesscompelled.

Unlessredeemed,it'llbeforsale.

supposing:

Supposingthatheasksyou,willyougo?

Supposinghisplangoeswrong,whatwillwedothen?

Supposing(that)you1rewrong,whatwillyoudothen?

suppose:

Supposeshefindsout,whatshallwedothen?

Supposeyoulostyourjobtomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

provided:

Iwillagreetogoprovided(providing)(that)myexpensesarepaid.

Sheagreedtogoandworkthereprovidedthatherfamilycouldgowithher.

providing:

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I'lldrythedishes,providingthatyoudothewashing-up.

条件状语从句还有其他形式:

YouwillalwayshaveahomeaslongasIhaveanything.

Idon'tmindyourknowinganythingaslongasitgoesnofurther.

IncasehearrivesbeforeIgetback,pleaseaskhimtowait.

They*11standbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.

WereITomIwouldrefuse.

Shouldyourequireanything,justletmeknow.

HadIthoughtofit,I'dhavetalkedtomother.

此外,aslongas,solongas,incase,evenif都起着连词的作用。

二、SubordinatingConjuction

L引导目的状语从句的连词:

这类连词主要有:

inorderthat:

Heleftearlyinorderthathischildrenwouldnotbealoneinthehouse.

Ilockedthedoorinorderthatwemightcontinueourdiscussionundisturbed.

Ilenthim$50inorder(so)thathemightgoforaholiday,

sothat:

AskhertohurryupwiththelettersothatIcansignthem.

PleaseinterpretthisChinesewoman*sremarkssothatIcanunderstand.

Helookeddownsothatsheshouldnotseehiseyes,

so:

Can'tyoufixitsomehowsoyoucouldstaylonger?

Checkcarefully,soanymistakescouldbecaught.

I'llgivehimamapsohewon'tgetlost,

that:

Shedidiitthathemightgofree.

IamanxioustogetitdonethatImaybebackinIreland.

Itellyouthisthatyoumaynotshrinkfromtheresponsibility,

lest:

Hehurriedon,lestsheshouldmeethimagain.

Hewasverycautiouslestheshouldbediscoveredbyhiswife.

Hehidthemoneylestitshouldbestolen.

Sheworriedforfearthathersonwouldbehurt.

Shedidnn'tdaretocallmeforfeartheymighthearus.

Takewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.

I'llstayinthehotelincasethereisnewsofHarry.

这里的forfear(that),incase都起连词的作用。

2.引导结果状语从句的连词:

条件状语从句主要由so...that和such...that引导:

so...that:

Hewassoyoungthatyoumustexcusehim.

Billpitchedsowellthateveryonecheeredhim.

Hewassofatthathecouldn'tgetthroughthedoor.

Soabsorbedwashethatshedidn*tdaretomakessound.

such...that:

Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.

3

Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.

Theyhadsuchafiercedogthatnoonedaredtogoneartheirhouse.

that有时可以省略,特别在口语中:

Theyweresotiredtheycoulddonothingbutyawn.

Therewassuchadraught,it'snowonderhecaughtacold.

sothat也可以引导结果状语从句,表示“因此“:

Oneofherlungsisaffectedsothatshehastorest.

Itfellundermydesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.

so也可以引导这类从句:

ItwasdarksoIcouldn'tseeverywell.

Shefeltverytiredsoshewenttobedearly.

so和that之间有时可稍稍作停顿:

Hisheartbeatsothathecouldhardlybreathe.

Explainitsothata1O-year-oldboycouldunderstandit.

三、SubordinatingConjuction

1.引导原因状语从句的连词:

这类连词主要有because,since,as:

because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答

why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。例如:

Istayedathomebecauseitrained.因为下雨我呆在家里。

Lisadidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.Lisa因病没有来上学。

ItisbecauseIhavestayedhereformorethan10yearsthatIdon'twanttomove

toothercities.是因为我们在这里已经住了10多年了,所以我不想搬到其他城市去。(强调句

型)

KeyPoint:直接原因、回答why、强调句型

since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为”、“既然”,语气比

because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如:

Sinceheisaskingyou,you'dbettertellhimwhy,他既然在问你,你最好告诉他为什

么。

Sinceeveryoneishere,let'ssetout.既然大家都到齐了,我们就出发吧!

KeyPoint:通过中文“既然”去理解

as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,

含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主

句说明结果,主从并重。例如:

Wealllikeherassheiskind.我们都喜欢她,因为她善良。

AsIhadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool,因为我感冒了,所以没去上课。

KeyPoint:理由显而易见或不重要

【扩展】for和because

for与because相似,但它所表示的原因往往提供上文未交待过的情况。for不表示直接原因,

表明附加或推断的理由,它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句子),用逗号隔开,

且for不可置于句首,for的这一用法常用在书面语中,较正式。例如:

Thedayisgettingshorterandshorter,foritisDecembernow.白天越来越短了,

因为现在已是十二月份。

Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.(从"地面潮湿"作出"下过雨”的推测,

但地湿并不一定是下雨所致,for不可以换为because。)

KeyPoint:附加或推断的理由

除了以上我们最熟悉的三个原因状语从句的连词,我们有时还会看到这些引导原因状语从句

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的连词:

seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat等弓]导,例如:

Seeingthathe'sbeenillallweek,he*sunlikelytocome.鉴于他已经病了一个星期,

他来的可能性不大。

Wecouldhavejointparty,seeingyourbirthdayisthesamedayasmine.由于你我

的生日在同一天,我们可以办一个联合晚会。

Consideringhehasonlyjuststarted,heknowsquitealotaboutit.考虑至U他刚RH

开始,对此他算是知道得很多了。

Consideringyou*veonlybeenstudyingforayear,youspeakEnglishverywell.考

虑到你学英语才一年,你英语讲得算是很好的了。

Nowthatyouhavethechanceyouhadbetteravailyourselfonit.你有了机会,你最

好用起来。

Pleasedon'ttrytobackoutnowthateverythinghasbeenarranged.现在一切都安排

好了,请不要打退堂鼓。

KeyPoint:seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat和since意思相似,都有“鉴

于某个事实”的意思,that都可以省略。

【扩展】特殊用法:心理活动类形容词+that,也起到了原因状语从句的作用(that)可以省

略,例如:

Shewasgladthatshehadcontrolledherself,她很高兴因为她控制住了自己。

Hefeltashamedthathehaddonesolittle.他为自己做的这么少而感到惭愧。

Iamawfullysorrythatthishashappened.发生了这事情我非常遗憾。

I'mverypleasedyou*vedecidedtocome.你决定来我很高兴。

I'mdisappointedthattheycannotcome.他们不能来我很失望。

IamsurprisedIdidn'tseethatbefore.我很吃惊我以前没有看到这一点。

2.引导让步状语从句的连词:

让步状语从句,属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或"即使……"等,就是

我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。

引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:

though,although,while,as;evenif,eventhough;whether...or...;nomatter+

疑问词,疑问词+ever,regardlessof+名词/名词短语/名词从句,despite,inspiteofo

切记although,though不可与but连用,但可以与still和yet连用。

though,although

表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语

中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用,

但不能与but连用。例如:

MywillremainsfirmthoughImustlowermyphysicalsights.尽管我得降低体育

(锻炼)的目标,但我的意志是坚强的。

ThoughIbelieveit,Imustconsider.尽管我相信这一点,但我还得考虑考虑。

Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,he(still)keptonworking.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,

但他仍然继续工作。

Although/Thoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了,身体

还很健壮。

KeyPoint:although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状

语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:

Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.她虽然不用功学习,

考试却及格了。

as(though)

表示“虽然…但是",“纵使…”之意,as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,

5

被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可

以这样用。例如:

Objectas/thoughyoumay,I'11go.(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I'11go.)纵

使你反对,我也要去。

Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=(Thoughheworkshard,hemakes

littleprogress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。

Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.(二Thoughhewasa

child,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.)虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。

Fastasyouread,youcan?tfinishthebooksosoon.纵然你读得快,你也不能这么

快读完这本书。

LoveroftownsasIam,IrealizethatIoweadebttomyearlycountrylife.尽

管我爱城市,但我知道,以往的乡村生活使我受益匪浅。

Smallasatomsare,theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.尽管原子很小,但

它们由更小的单位构成。

whether

由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向

或结果,所以它的语气是比较强烈的,从而也更加坚定了主句的内容。例如:

You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙,都

要参加这个典礼。

Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.无论你是否相信,这都是真的。

Whetherornottheywinthisbattle,theywon11winthewar.不管他们是否能赢

得这次战役,他们绝不会赢得这场战争。

“nomatter+疑问词=疑问词一ever

含义为“……都……;不管……都……",它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:

Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(二Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)

无论发生了什么事情,他都不会介意的。

Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthe

law.)不管你是谁,你都需要遵纪守法。

Whenanyonedoessomethingforyou,nomatterhowsmallandnomatterwhetherhe*s

asuperiororservant,it'spropertosay“Thanky

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