湖南省长沙市2025届零诊暨毕业班摸底测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市2025届零诊暨毕业班摸底测试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABeautifulGuatemalaisalandrichindiversityandculturalheritage.Whetheryouhopetosummitavolcano,hikethroughthejungleorexploreancientruins,Guatemalawillnotdisappoint.TikalNationalParkTikalNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandoneofthemostfamousplacesinGuatemala.Tikalcoversanestimated46miles(around74km)andisoneofthemostextraordinaryarchaeologicalsitesinCentralAmerica.Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.Chichicastenango“Chichi,”asit’sknownbythelocalKichepopulation,hoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.ThetowncomesaliveonThursdaysandSundayswhenvendors(小贩)comefromsurroundingareastodisplaytheirgoods.Themarketburstswithvariedcoloursandalivelyatmosphere,stockingeverythingfromvividly-coloredclothtotraditionalcarvedwoodenmasks.GuatemalaCityBrightlygraffitied(涂鸦)wallslinethebusystreetsinGuatemalaCitywhereyou’llfindtrendystores,relaxingbars,anddiverseartgalleries.MakesuretocheckoutLaEsquina,anindoorfoodmarketwithsomeofthebestfoodstallsinthecity.TheMuseoPopolVuhisaleadingmuseumintheworldofMayanart.HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.AcatenangoVolcanoVolcanoAcatenangotowersalmost4,000metresabovethesurroundinglandscapejustoutsideAntigua.Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.Notonlywillyougettoappreciatethebreathtakingviews,butyouwillalsohaveabird’s-eyeviewofthenearby(andextremelyactive)VolcanFuego.1.What’sthebestchoiceforsomeoneinterestedinMayanhistory?A.TikalNationalPark. B.Chichicastenango.C.GuatemalaCity. D.AcatenangoVolcano.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuatemalaCity?A.IthoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.B.Itisaperfectdestinationforartlovers.C.Youcanbuyvividclothandmasksthere.D.MuseoPopolVuhisagreatfoodmarket.3.WhatisspecialaboutAcatenangoVolcano?A.AbirdviewofGuatemalaCity.B.ThehighesttowerinGuatemala.C.Thehiketothevolcanosummit.D.Itisanextremelyactivevolcano.〖答案〗1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了拥有丰富文化遗产的拉丁美洲国家Guatemala一些著名景点。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据本文关于TikalNationalPark的介绍段最后一句“Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.(几个世纪前，古玛雅文明就是在这里繁荣起来的)”可知，古玛雅文明曾在这里繁荣，因此如果游客对玛雅历史感兴趣，可以去这个国家公园。故选A项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据本文关于GuatemalaCity的介绍段最后一句“HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandcomprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.(在这里，你可以花几个小时欣赏玛雅人和殖民地艺术的难以置信而全面综合的收藏品)”可知，这个地方有很多艺术作品，因此对热爱艺术的人，这是旅游绝佳目的地。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据本文关于AcatenangoVolcano的介绍段第二句“Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.(攀登这座火山的顶峰是Guatemala最艰难但也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行之一)”可知，攀登该火山顶峰是最艰难，也是最受欢迎的徒步旅行，因此可推测这也是该火山最特殊的地方。故选C项。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.D.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.D.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecouple’santicipation. B.Thepublicinvolvement.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Influentialandunderstanding. B.Humorousandelegant.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了身患绝症的出版商McIntyre女士与其丈夫捐赠善款，通过RIP医疗债务组织帮助他人清偿巨额医疗账单的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他人幸运。她有保险来帮助支付医疗费用)”可知，麦金太尔女士觉得自己比其他人幸运，这是因为她有医疗保险帮助支付医疗费用，她有医疗保障。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(尽管她的健康状况正在恶化，麦金太尔女士还是决定尽可能多地帮助人们偿还医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于偿还他人未付的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人未付的医疗债务帮助别人。故选D。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(这对夫妇在一个网站上设立了一个页面，为此目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔女士的最后一篇帖子还是引起了很多关注。她网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在继续。截至2023年11月22日，麦金太尔女士的网页已筹集了62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，本段主要介绍了公众参与筹集资金，即公众参与。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫格雷戈里先生知道，许多癌症患者由于医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠款远远超过他们的承受能力)”可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境，根据第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(尽管如此，麦金太尔女士的最后一篇帖子还是引起了很多关注。她网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在继续。截至2023年11月22日，麦金太尔女士的网页已筹集了62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力，由此可知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人的。故选A。CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。DInmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?Linguists(语言学家)generallyarguefor“thearbitrarinessofthesign”:noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.Arareexceptionisonomatopoeia,wherewordsrepresentingthebarkofadog(bow-wow)andthebuzzmadebyabeearemoreorlesssimilartothesound.Yetmostthingsarenotsubjecttonamingthisway.Whataboutmama?Itdoesnotsoundlikeamother,butthefactisthatsomesoundsaremorewidespreadthanothersaroundtheworld.Therearemanydozensofobservedconsonantswhicharerareandhardfornon-nativestolearn.Incontrast,afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.Ababyvocalisingwill,atfirst,makeavowel-likesound,usuallysomethinglike“ah”,whichrequireslittleinthewayofcontroloverthemouth.Iftheybrieflyclosetheirmouthandcontinuevocalising,airwillcomeoutoftheirnose,thusmakingthem-soundthatisusedin“mother”aroundtheworld.Thoughthe“mamas”bearthemostobvioussimilarity,the“papas”havestrikingcommonalities,too.Babiescaneasilystoptheirbreathwhentheyclosetheirlips(ratherthangoingonbreathingthroughthenose).Thisproducesab-orap-sound.Itissurelyforthisreasonthatsomanynamesfor“father”usetheseconsonants:papainEnglish,abbinArabicandbabainMandarin.T-andd-soundsaresimilarlybasic,involvingasimpletapofthetongueagainsttheteeth:hencedaddy,tatay(Tagalog)ortayta(Quechua).Fatherandmotherare,therefore,anoddity.F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(发音);th-soundsareevenharder.English,GreekandSpanishareunusualinhavingthem.EvenAnglophonechildrenmaystrugglewithth-soundswhentheyarefive,orolderstillinmanycases.Anyway,itishardtofindlinguisticuniversalsamidtheworld’sdazzlingvariety.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quadruped”inParagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Pronunciation B.Sound C.Bee D.Animal13.“Mamas”and“papas”areusedsouniversallybecause________.A.thesoundsofthetwowordssoundalikeB.airwillcomeoutofbaby’smouthdirectlyC.thesoundscanbeeasilyandnaturallyutteredD.babiescancontinuetheirbreathwhenclosingtheirlips14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsmightbethemostdifficulttoarticulate?A.Forthcoming. B.Programme. C.Magnificent. D.Magazine.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Inspirationfrombabies’smileandtalks.B.Linguists’effortstotheresearchofsounds.C.Connectionbetweenthewordmumanddad.D.Reasonsforsimilarsoundsinunrelatedlanguages.〖答案〗12.D13.C14.A15.D【语篇解读】本文是篇议论文。文章主要在探讨在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。【12题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.”（单词dog和毛茸茸的quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.”（有少数几个，比如b、m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“F-isnotespeciallyeasytoutter(发音);th-soundsareevenharder.”（F-不是特别容易发音；th音更难发音。）可知，选项A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanm-sound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnear-universality?”（在许多语言中，““mother/mom”这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗?）并结合全文可知，本文主要在讨论许多发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.___16___?HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.___17___.The“Encyclopedia(百科全书)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅觉的)practices.___18___,enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.___19___,suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.Theysmellspecialandtheirscentsshouldbeincludedintheencyclopedia.Butjustashistoryisfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmells,it’salsofilledwithstinky(非常难闻的)ones.“Ifinditparticularlyinterestingtomaketheaudienceknowaboutawholerangeofscentssuchasastinkycanal,”saidCaroVerbeek,ascenthistorianandmemberoftheOdeuropateam.“Itwillmakeusmoreawareofhowwerelatetosmelltodayandhowdifferentlysmellswereappreciatedinthepast.Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.___20___.Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.”A.ItexpressedalongingforthecountrysidelifeB.ButwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsagoC.WhyisitfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmellsD.ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEuropeE.ThemoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscentsF.TheencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportantG.TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast〖答案〗16.B17.G18.D19.F20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是历史是写出来的，读出来的，讲出来的，但很少有人去闻它。今天欧洲有一条街道可能闻起来像咖啡、刚出炉的面包和香烟的味道。但是几百年前它闻起来是什么味道呢？科学家们正在试图重现欧洲往日的气味。【16题详析】根据空前“AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,fresh-bakedbreadandcigarettes.(如今，欧洲的大街上可能弥漫着咖啡、刚烤好的面包和香烟的味道。)”可知今天的欧洲街头有着浓郁的面包、咖啡和香烟的味道，根据空后“HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.(欧洲的历史学家和科学家们现在与香水商和博物馆一起开展了一个名为“Odeuropa”的独特项目——捕捉16世纪到20世纪初欧洲的气味。)”可知一些科学家正在探索16世纪和20世纪早期之间欧洲的味道，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是几百年前欧洲的气味是什么样子的，B项Butwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsago?(但是几百年前它是什么味道呢？)承接上文，引出下文，而且B项中的it指代上文提到的AEuropeanstreet，符合上下文语境。故选B项。【17题详析】根据上文“Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthree-year-longproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEurope-andevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.(为了成功地完成这个为期三年的项目，研究人员需要找到欧洲所有古老的气味，甚至重建一些古老的气味景观。为此，他们将首先建立人工智能，训练其扫描用七种不同语言编写的历史文本，以获取对气味的任何描述。)”可知为了搜寻几百年前欧洲的味道，科学家们会利用人工智能来扫描历史文献，寻找与气味有关的描述，根据下一段首句“The“Encyclopedia(百科全书)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅觉的)practices.(《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括特定气味的意义，并将追溯气味、地点、嗅觉实践背后的故事。)”可知空处内容应该与科学家利用找到的信息创建百科全书有关，G项TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast.(然后这个团队会利用这些信息来创建一个关于欧洲过去的气味的百科全书。)指出科学家们将会利用这些信息来创建一个关于欧洲过去的气味的百科全书，符合上下文语境。故选G项。【18题详析】根据空前“The“Encyclopedia(百科全书)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅觉的)practices.(《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括特定气味的意义，并将追溯气味、地点、嗅觉实践背后的故事。)”可知《嗅觉遗产百科全书》将包括某些气味的意义，并将追踪气味背后的故事、产生气味的地点和嗅觉体验，根据空后“enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.(让后代能够接触和了解有香味的过去。)”可知《嗅觉遗产百科全书》可以让子孙后代能接触并了解香味的过去，空处承上启下，所以空处内容应该与《嗅觉遗产百科全书》的意义有关，D项ItwillbecomearecordforthesmellheritageofEurope.(它将成为欧洲嗅觉遗产的记录。)指出《嗅觉遗产百科全书》的意义所在，承接上文，引出下文，而且D项中的It指代上文的The“Encyclopedia(百科全书)ofSmellHeritage”，符合上下文语境。故选D项。【19题详析】根据空后“suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.(比如医生。在过去，草药经常被欧洲的医生用来治疗病人。)”可知在过去草药经常被医生用来救人，所以空处内容应该提到了某些人，F项Theencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportant.(这一百科全书也会包括对一些人的描述，对这些人来说，气味很重要。)引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。【20题详析】根据空前“Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.(运用目前的技术，几乎每一种香味都可以生产出来。)”可知运用现代科技，几乎任何气味都能被制造出来，根据空后“Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.(人们并不总是谈论或描述他们。)”可知人们不总是谈论或描述各种气味，空处承上启下，所以空处内容应与气味的描述有关，E项Themoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscents.(这个项目更困难的部分将是找到气味的描述。)指出在这个项目中比较困难的部分是对于气味的描述，与前文运用现代科技任何气味都能被制造出来的简单形成对比，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草丛)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21.A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.well-informed B.well-dressed C.well-behaved D.well-balanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.common D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32.A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.looker-on B.passer-by C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy〖答案〗21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者旁观两只加拿大鹅争吵的故事。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你听说过或见过加拿大鹅吗？你知道它们以新鲜的草和种子为食吗？A.drawon利用；B.focuson专注；C.feedon以……为食；D.tryon试穿。根据后文的“freshgrassandseeds”可知，本句想表达它们以新鲜的草和种子为食。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：加拿大鹅以其彬彬有礼而闻名。A.desire欲望；B.reputation声誉；C.affection感情；D.appetite食欲。根据后文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，每当你走过的时候，它们总是向你鞠躬，故它们有良好的声誉。故选B项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我最近发现，它们有时会对同伴是粗鲁的，尤其是在他们为食物争吵的时候——是的，这些举止得体的绅士确实会争吵，只是为了吃点东西。A.generous慷慨的；B.faithful忠诚的；C.weird奇怪的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据后文的“especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood”可知，加拿大鹅有时为食物争吵，故它们有时是粗鲁无礼的。故选D项。【24题详析】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：然而，我最近发现，它们有时会对同伴是粗鲁的，尤其是在它们为食物争吵的时候——是的，这些举止得体的绅士确实会争吵，只是为了吃点东西。A.well-informed见多识广；B.well-dressed穿着考究的；C.well-behaved举止得体的；D.well-balanced平衡良好。根据前文的“Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鹅举止得体。故选C项。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨天，我看到两只加拿大鹅为了一丛美丽的新鲜草而激烈地争吵。A.fiercely激烈的；B.blindly盲目的；C.cautiously谨慎的；D.gently温和的。根据后文的“thetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，两只加拿大鹅激烈地争吵。故选A项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那块草丛就在它们中间，两只鹅大声喊叫，尽可能地伸长脖子，挑衅地看着对方。A.deserted被抛弃的；B.located位于；C.fixed固定的；D.laid松弛的，从容不迫的。根据后文的“rightinthemiddleofthem”可知，草丛位于它们中间。故选B项。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很少看到加拿大鹅“不礼貌”的一面。A.frequent经常的；B.rare稀有的；C.common普通的；D.constant恒定的。根据前文的“Canadiangeesehaveagood2fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.”可知，加拿大鹅举止得体，加拿大鹅“不礼貌”的一面是稀有的。故选B项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，我忍不住停下了早晨的散步，站着不动，看着这些“绅士”们争吵。A.restricting限制；B.changing改变；C.pausing暂停；D.speeding超速。根据前文的“It’stowitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.”可知，因为很少看到加拿大鹅“不礼貌”的一面，作者忍不住停下了早晨的散步。故选C项。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，过了一会儿，一辆卡车呼啸而过，扰乱了它们不和谐的谈话。A.desperate绝望的；B.simple简单的；C.serious严重的；D.disharmonious不和谐的。根据前文的“Theclumpwasrightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.”可知，它们俩大声喊叫着，尽量伸长脖子，恶狠狠地瞪着对方，它们的谈话不和谐。故选D项。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两只鹅同样被这个巨大的“怪物”吓坏了，于是放弃了它们的谈话。A.frightened害怕的；B.annoyed生气；C.crashed碰撞；D.injured伤害。根据前文的“atruckroaredpasttheirfeast”以及后文的“bythemassive“monster””可知，在两只鹅的眼中这辆卡车像个巨大的怪物，故它们很害怕。故选A项。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我站着不动，想着这个可笑的问题，等待着。A.findingout发现；B.dealingwith处理；C.lookinginto调查；D.wonderingabout想知道。根据前文的“Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?”可知，作者正在想它们会不会再吵架这个问题。故选D项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出乎我意料的是，卡车刚过，两只鹅就失去了争吵的激情，好像他们已经忘记了发生的一切。A.passion激情；B.reason原因；C.talent天赋；D.anxiety焦虑。根据后文的“Eventhetwoturnedaroundandlefttheinoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.”可知，两只鹅不再吵架，失去了争吵的激情。故选A项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就连两只鹅也转过身来，若无其事地离开了现场。A.scene场景；B.destination目的地；C.landscape景观；D.park公园。根据后文的“Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe.”可知，它们只留下我一个人在那里，两只鹅离开了现场。故选A项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们只留下我一个人在那里，想象着没有卡车会发生什么。A.looker-on旁观者；B.passer-by路人；C.truck卡车；D.clump丛，簇，束。根据前文的“Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir12forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，卡车扰乱了它们的谈话，故作者想象着没有卡车会发生什么。故选C项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候健忘也没那么糟。A.upset心烦意乱的；B.forgetful健忘的；C.mean吝啬的；D.greedy贪婪的。根据前文的“asiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.”可知，两只鹅忘记了先前的争吵，故有时候健忘也没那么糟。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Despitestrictlawsandheavyfines