2015年06月四级真题第3套

PAGEPAGE106月真题(第三套)PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonparents’roleintheirchildren’sgrowth.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartI Listening (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B).C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)ThethreeresearcherssharedevenlytheNobelprize.Thethreewinnersstudiedthesamesubject.Thisyear'sfirstNobelprizewasawardedformedicine.AlloftheNobelprizeshavebeenmadepublic.A)YouyouTu'streatmentismorehi-tech.YouyouTu'streatmentismoretraditional.YouyouTufocusesonroundworm-causedinfections.YouyouTuinventedacompletelynewtherapy.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)NASAsentanewMarslander.C)Scientistsrevealedanewspacetheory.B)Differentsoilsampleswerestudied.D)LiquidwaterhasbeenfoundonMars.A)Marsisnotasdryaswhatweusedtothink.Marscouldsupportlifeatthemoment.TheyhavefoundlivingthingsonMars.SoilsamplesfromMarsarethesameasthoseoftheEarth.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Akidnapper. C)Her4-year-oldson.B)Herrival. D)Herdrunkenhusband.A)Sheisbrutalinnature. C)Shelovesshootingandkilling.B)Sheisadie-hardracist. D)Sheisafirmgun-rightssupporter.A)Itisagainstthelawtoownagun.Womenarenotallowedtopossessagun.Improperstoringofgunsconstitutesacrime.Allthecitizenshavetherighttocarryagun.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)HelikesSwedenbetterthanEngland.Heprefershotweathertocoldweather.HeisanEnglishmanlivinginSweden.HevisitsLondonnearlyeverywinter.A)Thebadweather. C)Thecoldhouses.B)Thegloomywinter. D)Thelongnight.A)Delightful. C)Depressing.Painful. D)Refreshing.A)Theyoftenstayuplatereading.B)Theyworkhardandplayhard.Theyliketogocampinginsummer.Theytrytoearnmoreandspendmore.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Englishliterature. C)French.B)Management. D)PublicAdministration.A)Englishteaching. C)Careersguidance.B)Stafftraining. D)Psychologicalcounselling.A)Theywenttothesameuniversity.Theyalllovetoengageinmanagement.Thejobstheychoosearenotrelatedtotheirmajor.Theyreceivedthesamejobtraining.A)Itsgenerousscholarships. C)itswell-designedcourses.Itsworldwidefame. D)Itspleasantenvironment.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)CharacteristicsofJapaneseartists.TheartofJapanesebrushpainting.B)SomefeaturesofJapaneseculture.D)TheuniquenessofJapaneseart.A)Tocalmthemselvesdown.C)Toshowtheirimpatience.B)Toenhanceconcentration.D)Tosignallackofinterest.A)Howlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespect.B)Howspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudience.Howspeakerscanmisunderstandtheaudience.HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsare.Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Directingpersonnelevaluation.Buyingandmaintainingequipment.Drawingupplansforin-servicetraining.Interviewingandrecruitingemployees.A)Someofhisequipmentwasdamagedinafire.C)Twoofhisworkerswereinjuredatwork.B)Thetrainingprogramheranwasafailure.D)Twoofhisemployeescommittedtheft.A)Abetterrelationshipwithhisboss.C)Abetter-payingjobinanothercompany.B)Advancementtoahigherposition.D)Improvementinthecompany'smanagement.A)Shehasmoreself-confidencethanChris.SheworkswithChrisinthesamedivision.ShehasmoremanagementexperiencethanChris.SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjob.Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofaculture.B)Theyguideusinhandlinghumanrelationships.D)Theyhelpusexpressourselvesmoreeffectively.D)Theyareaninfinitesourceofhumanknowledge.A)Theirwordingmaybecomedifferent.Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange.Theiroriginscannolongerbetraced.Theymaybemisinterpretedoccasionally.A)Certainvaluesaresharedbyalargenumberofcultures.Someproverbsareassumingmoreandmoreimportance.Oldproverbsareconstantlyreplacedbynewones.Certainvalueshavealwaysbeencentraltoaculture.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Question26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis26thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost.“Allchildrenare27toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis28importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull29”U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid.“Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep30ofournation’steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill31theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto32ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand33effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost.”Today’sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a34ofPresidentObama’syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe35ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.A)announcingI)distributingB)beneficialJ)enhanceC)challengesK)entitledD)commitmentL)potentialE)componentM)properlyF)contestsN)qualifiedG)criticallyO)retainH)developSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Essay-GradingSoftwareOffersProfessorsaBreakImaginetakingacollegeexam,and,insteadofhandinginabluebookandgettingagradefromaprofessorafewweekslater,clickingthe“send”buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagradebackinstantly,youressayscoredbyasoftwareprogram.Andthen,insteadofbeingdonewiththatexam,imaginethatthesystemwouldimmediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoimproveyourgrade.EdX,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)tooffercoursesontheInternet,hasjustintroducedsuchasystemandwillmakeitsautomated）softwareavailablefreeontheWebtoanyinstitutionthatwantstouseit.Thesoftwareusesartificialintelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,freeingprofessorsforothertasks.Thenewservicewillbringtheeducationalconsortium(联盟)intoagrowingconflictovertheroleofautomationineducation.Althoughautomatedgradingsystemsformultiple-choiceandtrue-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetreceivedwidespreadacceptancebyeducatorsandhasmanycritics.AnantAgarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofEdX,predictedthattheinstant-gradingsoftwarewouldbeausefulteachingtool,enablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysoverandoverandimprovethequalityoftheiranswers.Hesaidthetechnologywouldofferdistinctadvantagesoverthetraditionalclassroomsystem,wherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksforgrades.“Thereisahugevalueinlearningwithinstantfeedback,”Dr.Agarwalsaid.“Studentsaretellingustheylearnmuchbetterwithinstantfeedback.”Butskeptics(怀疑者)theautomatedsystemisnomatchforliveteachers.Onelongtimecritic,LesPerelman,hasdrawnnationalattentionseveraltimesforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthathavefooledsoftwaregradingprogramsintogivinghighmarks.Hehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftwarecompareswelltohumangraders.Heisamongagroupofeducatorswholastmonthbegancirculatingapetition(呼吁)opposingautomatedassessmentsoftware.Thegroup,whichcallsitselfProfessionalsAgainstMachineScoringofStudentEssaysinHigh-StakesAssessment,hascollectednearly2,000signatures,includingsomefromfamouspeoplelikeNoamChomsky.“Let’sfacetherealitiesofautomaticessayscoring,”thegroup’sstatementreadsinpart.“Computerscannot‘read’.Theycannotmeasuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittencommunication:accuracy,reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethical(伦理的)position,convincingargument,meaningfulorganization,andclarity,amongothers.ButEdXexpectsitssoftwaretobeadoptedwidelybyschoolsanduniversities.ItoffersfreeonlineclassesfromHarvard,MITandtheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeley;thisfall,itwilladdclassesfromWellesley,GeorgetownandtheUniversityofTexas.Inall,12universitiesparticipateinEdX,whichofferscertificatesforcoursecompletionandhassaidthatitplanstocontinuetoexpandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools.TheEdXassessmenttoolrequireshumanteachers,orgraders,tofirstgrade100essaysoressayquestions.Thesystemthenusesavarietyofmachine-learningtechniquestotrainitselftobeabletogradeanynumberofessaysoranswersautomaticallyandalmostinstantly.Thesoftwarewillassignagradedependingonthescoringsystemcreatedbytheteacher,whetheritisalettergradeornumerical（数字的）rank.EdXisnotthefirsttousetheautomatedassessmenttechnology,whichdatestoearlycomputersinthe1960s.Thereisnowarangeofcompaniesofferingcommercialprogramstogradewrittentestanswers,andfourstates—Louisiana,NorthDakota,UtahandWestVirginia—areusingsomeformofthetechnologyinsecondaryschools.Afifth,Indiana,hasexperimentedwithit.Insomecasesthesoftwareisusedasa“secondreader,”tocheckthereliabilityofthehumangraders.ButthegrowinginfluenceoftheEdXconsortiumtosetstandardsislikelytogivethetechnologyaboost.OnTuesday,StanfordannouncedthatitwouldworkwithEdXtodevelopajointeducationalsystemthatwillmakeuseoftheautomatedassessmenttechnology.Twostart-ups,CourseraandUdacity,recentlyfoundedbyStanfordfacultymemberstocreate“massiveopenonlinecourses,”orMOOCs,arealsocommittedtoautomatedassessmentsystemsbecauseofthevalueofinstantfeedback.“Itallowsstudentstogetimmediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatleanturnsintoagame,withstudentsnaturallytowardresubmittingtheworkuntiltheygetitright,”saidDaphneRoller,acomputerscientistandafounderofCoursera. LastyeartheHewlettFoundation,agrant-makingorganizationsetupbyoneoftheHewlett-Packardfoundersandhiswife,sponsoredtwo$100,000prizesaimedatimprovingsoftwarethatgradesessaysandshortanswers.Morethan150teamsenteredeachcategory.AwinnerofoneoftheHewlettcontests,VikParuchuri,washiredbyEdXtohelpdesignitsassessmentsoftware.“Oneofourfocusesistohelpkidslearnhowtothinkcritically,”saidVictorVuchic,aprogramofficerattheHewlettFoundation.“It’sprobablyimpossibletodothatwithmultiple-choicetests.Thechallengeisthatthisrequireshumangraders,andsotheycostalotmoreandtheytakealotmoretime.”MarkD.Shermis,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkroninOhio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundation’scontestonautomatedessayscoringandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,thetechnology—thoughimperfect—hasaplaceineducationalsettings.Withincreasinglylargeclasses,itisimpossibleformostteacherstogivestudentsmeaningfulfeedbackonwritingassignments,hesaid.Plus,henoted,criticsofthetechnologyhavetendedtocomefromthenation’sbestuniversities,wherethelevelofteachingismuchbetterthanatmostschools.Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineevercould,”Dr.Shermissaid.“Thereseemstobealackofappreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.”Someprofessionalsineducationarecollectingsignaturestovoicetheiroppositiontoautomatedessaygrading.Usingsoftwaretogradestudents’essayssavesteacherstimeforotherwork.TheHewlettcontestsaimatimprovingessaygradingsoftware.Thoughtheautomatedgradingsystemiswidelyusedinmultiple-choicetests,automatedessaygradingisstillcriticizedbymanyeducators.Somepeopledon’tbelievethesoftwaregradingsystemcandoasgoodajobashumangraders.Criticsofautomatedessayscoringdonotseemtoknowthetruerealitiesinlessfamousuniversities.Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotbemeasuredbycomputerratingprograms.Asclasssizegrows,mostteachersareunabletogivestudentsvaluablecommentsastohowtoimprovetheirwriting.Theautomatedassessmenttechnologyissometimesusedtodoublechecktheworkofhumangraders.Studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpsimprovetheirlearningconsiderably.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandinvolvetheminactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic.Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinity阳刚),theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype,aUSstudysays.Boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe“boycode”ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticisedteachersforfailingtorecognisethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwith“boy-focused”approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven“hands-on”lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround.“Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminine(女性的)andpreferthemoderngenre(类型inwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,”Jameswrote.Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe“masterfulandincharge”inrelationships.“Inmixedschools,boysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,”thestudyreported.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould .A)forceboystohidetheiremotionstobe“realmen”helptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboysencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreelynaturallyreinforceinboysthetraditionalimageofamanItiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolboys .A)performrelativelybetterbehavemoreresponsiblyB)growupmorehealthilyreceiveabettereducationWhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?A)Itfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademically.C)Itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed.B)Itfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducation.D)Itplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls.AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis .teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboysboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistractedboyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedinteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys’teamspiritWhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames’report?A)Theyenjoybeingincharge.C)Theyhavesharpervision.B)Theyconformtostereotypes.D)Theyareviolentandsexist.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear—wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession—financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterisedbyintenseverbal言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson，anoccupationalpsychologist，believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolises,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.“Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmo