【2024年一轮复习模拟卷】第二模拟（全国乙卷）（解析版）

第二模拟（全国乙卷）2024年高考英语一轮复习模拟卷（解析版）注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．（2023·河南南阳·高三校联考开学考试）WhatdoesthemantellJanetodo?A．MeetMr.Potter.B．Returnat3o’clock.C．Postponehisappointment.【答案】C【原文】M:Jane,I’mgoingoutforawhile.W:ButyouhaveanappointmentwithMr.Potterat3o’clock.M:Well,pleasemakeitanotherday.2．（2023·河南南阳·高三校联考开学考试）WhoismostprobablyAlice?A．Theman’sguide.B．Theman’swife.C．Theman’scolleague.【答案】B【原文】W:Hello,Tim,weplantogotoHainanduringthesummervacation.Doyouwanttojoinus?M:That’samazing!ButIneedtotalkitoverwithAlicewhenIgethome.W:Oh,sheissohappytohaveyou!Iamwaitingforyourreply.3．（2023·江西宜春·校联考二模）Whyisthewomanupset?A．Sheforgottosendsomeemails. B．Themandeletedheressay. C．Shelostherhomework.【答案】C【原文】W:Ican’tfindmyresearchessayfileanywhereonhere.Didyoudeleteit?M:Ofcoursenot.Idon’tevenknowyourpassword.Haveyousavedacopyanywhere?W:No.IwishIhademailedittomyself.Argh!Ididmyworkontime,buttheteacherwillneverbelievethat.4．（2023·江西宜春·校联考二模）Howmuchdidthewomansave?A．$9. B．$44. C．$53.【答案】A【原文】M:Yourtotalcomesto$53.Doyouhaveoneofourpreferredshoppercards?W:Oh,yes.Thankyouforremindingme.Ialmostforgot.Hereyouare.M:OK.Withthis,yournewtotalis$44.5．（2023·江西·校联考模拟预测）Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Inasupermarket. B．Inalibrary. C．Inthestreet.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.Iamheretolookforthe6theditionofLongmanDictionary,CanyoutellmewheretheReferenceSectionis?W:Oh,pleasetaketheelevatortothefifthfloor.Itwillbeonyourright.M:Thankssomuch.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话或独白后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。（2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthewomanconsiderbeautifulandamazing?A．Starfish. B．Seashells. C．Sharks.7．Whatdoesthemanexpectpeopletodo?A．Takeatriptotheislands. B．CollectrocksinHawaii. C．Respectallcreatures.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】W:Ifeellikepeoplepaymoreattentiontolargercreatures,likesharksandwhales.M:Theythinkit’sjustaboutjoy.Buttheearthisalivingplaceforsmallcreatures,too.W:Oh,yeah.Oneofthemostbeautifulpartsofthatisseashells.Theyaresoamazing.M:Yesinyouareright.Andstarfisharebeautiful,too.W:Also,inHawaii,you’renotsupposedtotakerocksfromtheislands.Thosearewhatmakesuptheislands,thesesmallercreatures.Theyarewhatmakesthembeautifulinmanyways.M:Oh,yeah.Peopleshouldliveinharmonywithallcreatures.（2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8．Whichisthespecialoffertoday?A．Bacon. B．Friedeggs. C．Chickenrolls.9．Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A．Awaitress. B．Acook. C．Asalesperson.【答案】8．C9．A【原文】W:Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?M:CanIseethemenu,please?What’stoday’sspecial?W:Chickenrolls.Wealsohavedelicioussoupnoodleswithseafood.M:Thatsoundsgood.I’llhavethosetwo.W:Wouldyoulikeanythingelse?M:Yes,I’dlikebacon,afriedeggwithbutteredtoastandabottleofCoke.That’sall.（2023春·青海西宁·高三统考开学考试）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Whywillsomeinvitationsbesentout?A．Foracharityparty. B．Foratalentshow. C．Forabusinessconference.11．Whenwillthewomancallthemodels?A．ThisMonday. B．Thisweekend. C．Nextweek.12．Whoisprobablythewoman?A．Theman’scustomer. B．Theman’smanager. C．Theman’sassistant.【答案】10．A11．B12．C【原文】M:I’mgoingtoneedthosefileseditedandcompletedbyMonday,Sarah.Iexpecttoseethemonmydeskfirstthingnextweek.W:Yougotit,Mr.Bensen.Isthereanythinginparticularyouwouldlikemetoinclude?M:Justmakesurethatyouhighlightallofourupcomingshows.Iwantourclientstobeawareofourneweventsandclothesstyles.W:Ofcourse,sir.ShouldIstartsendingouttheinvitationsfornextmonth’scharityparty?M:Yes!Thatneedstobeahugesuccessifweexpectanythingfromoursummerlinetobereadyanytimesoon.W:I’llcallthemodelsthisweekendandremindthemofthefittingnextweek.Hopefully,theycanbehelpfulforthedonationsfortheevent.M:Iwouldliketothinkso.Isn’tthatwhatthisbusinessisallabout—makingpeoplelookgoodandbeingsurroundedbythepeoplethatlookthebest?W:Iguessso,sir.I’dliketothinkthatourmarketismorethanjustgood-lookingpeople,though.M:Whatthemediawants,Sarah,themediagets.（2023·江西·校联考模拟预测）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．WhatdidCarol’smotherstudyatcollege?A．Finance. B．Engineering. C．Literature.14．WhowillpayforCarol’smother’seducationinStanfordUniversity?A．Carol’sfather. B．Theuniversity. C．Carol’sgrandparents.15．WhatdoesCarolsuggestthemando?A．Workhard. B．Findapart-timejob. C．Helpwiththehousework.16．WhatdoesCarolaskthemantodo?A．Mailaletter. B．Cleanherbedroom. C．Borrowabook.【答案】13．A14．B15．C16．A【原文】M:Carol,you’refinallyhome.There’sgoodnews.Momwillgobacktoschool!W:Wow.I’msogladtohearthat.Shemajoredinfinanceatcollege,becauseourgrandparentsthoughtitwouldbeeasyforhertogetajob.ButIknowshehasalwaysbeeninterestedinhistoryandliterature.M:That’sit.ShehasbeenacceptedintoStanfordUniversityasagraduatestudenttostudyarchaeology.Moreover,shehaswonafullscholarshipanddoesn’tneedtoworryabouttuitionfees.Momismyrealidol.Ishouldstudyhardandfollowmydreamaswell.W:I’mafraidMomcouldn’thandlehouseholdchoresandstudyatthesametime.Look,thehouseisinamess,especiallyyourbedroom.Yououghttohelpwiththehousework.M:Indeed.ButIhavetogotothelibrarytodomypart-timeworknow.CanItidyitupwhenI’mback?W:Well,Iwillhelpyoudothecleaningthistime.Bytheway,couldyousendthisletterformeonyourwaytothelibrary?M:Thanks,Carol.That’sallright.I’minnohurry.（2023·河南三门峡·统考一模）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthemostvaluablepartofthetour?A．Tellingstoriesaboutclasses.B．Gettingtoknowthecollegeasawhole.C．Learningdetailedfactsaboutthestudentcenter.18．Whatdoesthewomansuggestaboutthelibrary?A．Foodissoldthere.B．Itisonlypopularforstudying.C．Therulesarenotverystrictthere.19．Whendoesthestudentcenterdoseonweekendnights?A．Attwoo’clockinthemorning.B．Attwelveo’clockatnight.C．Atteno’clockatnight.20．Whatwillthewomanprobablydiscussnext?A．Schoolsportsteams. B．Gymequipment. C．Famousprofessors.【答案】17．B18．C19．A20．A【原文】Goodafternoon.WelcometothistourofDavidsonCollege.Asaseniorhere,Icouldtellyouallaboutmyexperiencesinclassroomsandlabs.ButIthinkitwouldbemostvaluabletotalkaboutthecampusaswewalkaroundoutsidetogetanoverallfeelofthisamazingplace.Overtomyleftisthelibrary,andbesidesbeingthemainplacewherestudentsdoresearchforpapers,it’salsowherealotofstudentshangoutbetweenclasses.Therearecomputersandcomfortablechairseverywhere,andoneachfloor,thereareareasthatdonotrequireyoutobequiet.Perhapsthisiswhyourstudentslikeitsomuch!Downtheroadtomyrightisthestudentcenter,wherestudentscanbuycoffee,snacks,andofficialDavidsonCollegeclothing.Thestudentcenterisopenuntil10:00p.m.onschoolnightsanduntil2:00a.m.onweekendnights.CarsonGym,whichisnamedafteroneofDavidson’smostfamousprofessors,isopen24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Youcanplayalmosteverysportyoucanimaginethere,andtherearehealthclasseslikeyogaandgroupdanceeverydayexceptWednesday.Thebestpartaboutthegymisthecost:studentspayayearlyfeeof$50,andtheygettousethefacilitiesasmuchastheywant.Allright,we’recominguptothestadiumnow...第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2023·河南开封·统考模拟预测）InsupportofFinancialLiteracyMonth(April),youthinMichigan,aged9-12yearsoldonJune1,2023,areencouragedtoanswerthisyear’sEssayQuestion(seebelow)withanessayof300wordsorless.Thetopscoringessayswillwina$100giftcardthankstothegeneroussponsorshipofExtraCreditUnion.2023EssayQuestion:Whatisthedifferencebetween‘aneedandawant?Discusshowyoudetermineifsomethingisaneedorawant.Howcanyoumakesureyouhaveenoughmoneytogetyourneedsandstillenjoysomeofyourwants?Sharehowneedsandwantsmightchangethroughoutone’slife.Timeline:June30,2023:EssaySubmissiondueby11:59p.m.July31,2023:WinnersnotifiedbythisdateWhoShouldEnter:Anyyouth9-12yearsoldresidinginthestateofMichigan.ToEnter:Youthmusthaveparentpermissiontoapplyandparticipate.·Theapplicationformmustbecompletedbyaparentorguardian.·Youthmustwriteanessay(300wordsorless)ontheassignedtopicabove.·Essayresponsewillbetypedorpastedintotheapplicationformonregistrationpage.ItisrecommendedthatyouthwritetheiressayinWordoraGoogledocpriortocompletingtheregistration/submissionform.·Theessaymustbetheworkofthestudentsubmittingtheessay.AllessaysbecomethepropertyoftheMichiganStateUniversityExtension4-HYouthDevelopmentProgramandmaybeusedbycontestcoordinatorstopromotefinancialliteracy.ThankyouExtraCreditUnionforofferingmoneyandhelpforthisyear’scontest!21．Whatistheaimofthecontest?A．Toselecttalentedyouth. B．Tosupportanactivity.C．Toencouragepeopletosavemoney. D．Toteachkidshowtomakemoney.22．Whatisarequirementforthecontest?A．ParticipantsmustliveinMichigan. B．Theessayhasn’tbeenpublishedbefore.C．Thewordsoftheentrymustbeover300. D．Participantsshouldwriteunderanadult’sguidance23．WhatcanwelearnaboutExtraCreditUnion?A．Scoringcriteria. B．Thejudge.C．Thesponsor. D．Theentryfee.【答案】21．B22．A23．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述的是密歇根的青少年关于参加金融方面的论文比赛。21．细节理解题。根据文章首段首句“InsupportofFinancialLiteracyMonth(April),youthinMichigan,aged9-12yearsoldonJune1,2023,areencouragedtoanswerthisyear’sEssayQuestion(seebelow)withanessayof300wordsorless.(为了支持金融知识月（4月），鼓励密歇根州9-12岁的青年在2023年6月1日以300字或更少的论文回答今年的论文问题。)”可知，比赛的目的是为了支持“金融扫盲月”活动的开展。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据文章WhoShouldEnter中“Anyyouth9-12yearsoldresidinginthestateofMichigan.(居住在密歇根州的任何9-12岁的青少年)”可知，参加者需是在密歇根居住的青少年。故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据文章末句“ThankyouExtraCreditUnionforofferingmoneyandhelpforthisyear’scontest!(感谢额外信用社为今年的比赛提供资金和帮助！)”可知，ExtraCreditUnion是赞助单位。故选C项。B（2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模）WhenIwasyounger,Ihadbeenatopstudentwithastrongdesiretoattendatopuniversity.Butthingsstartedtogodownhillformeinhighschoolaftermyparentsdivorced.Tornbetweenwantingtobewithmymother,whomovedtoCanadaalonewithnosupport,andwithmybelovedaginggrandfatherinPakistan,Imovedbackandforth,strugglingwithmystudies.Ibarelygraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredanordinarycollege,feelingthatIhadalreadyfailed.Igotdiscouraged,andbegantosufferfromseveredepression.Thedeathofmygrandfatherwasthefinalstraw.Withnorealhopeforthefuture,IdroppedoutandreturnedtomymotherandsistersinCanada.ThenIwasridingwithatruckingcompanytohelpsupportmymotherandsisters.Duringthoselonghoursontheroad,mygrandfather’slastwordscamebacktome:“Pleaseacceptthechallengesoflifeandworkharder.Itisnowornever.Ihopeyouwillneverdisappointus.”Withhiswordsringinginmyears,Idiscoveredanewfoundresolve.Mypathsuddenlybecameclear:IhadtofinishwhatIhadstartedandgobacktoschool.Togetbackontrack,Ineededtotakeafullcourseloadwhilecontinuingtoworkenoughpart-timehourstohelppaythebills.Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolagain,Ibeganuniversityengineeringcooperationprogram,inwhichIworkedasapaidintern(实习生)everyotherterm,allowingmetokeepmystudentloansincheck.Atthesametime,Itriedmybesttofocusonmystudies.Aftercompletingmyuniversity,Iwentontoamaster’sandnowaPhD,winingseveralresearchawardsalongtheway.Mypathtothispointhasmadeonethingclear:Neverfearfailure.IhopeIhavemademygrandfatherproud.24．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’slifeinhisfirsthighschool?A．Struggling. B．Ordinary. C．Fruitful. D．Boring.25．Whydidtheauthordropoutofcollege?A．Hehadabigfamilytosupport. B．Hehadtogetawell-paidjob.C．Hefelthopelessaboutthefuture. D．Hefoughtwithhisclassmate.26．Howdidtheauthorgettheideaofreturningtoschool?A．Hewaslaughedatbyhismotherandsisters. B．Hewasencouragedtowinresearchawards.C．Hewasmotivatedbyhisgrandfatherswords. D．Hewasforcedtoacquiremoreskillsatwork.27．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A．Business. B．Science. C．Health. D．Life.【答案】24．A25．C26．C27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者退学后重返校园、重燃心中求学梦的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Butthingsstartedtogodownhillformeinhighschoolaftermyparentsdivorced.Tornbetweenwantingtobewithmymother,whomovedtoCanadaalonewithnosupport,andwithmybelovedaginggrandfatherinPakistan,Imovedbackandforth,strugglingwithmystudies.(但在我的父母离婚后，我的高中生活开始走下坡路。我想和母亲在一起，她独自一人搬到了加拿大，没有人支持她；我又想和我深爱的、年迈的祖父在巴基斯坦。我来回奔波，努力学习)”可知，作者的第一段高中生活纠结而挣扎。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Withnorealhopeforthefuture,IdroppedoutandreturnedtomymotherandsistersinCanada.(由于对未来没有真正的希望，我退学了，回到了加拿大的母亲和姐妹们身边)”可知，作者对未来无望，因而退学。故选C。26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Duringthoselonghoursontheroad,mygrandfather’slastwordscamebacktome:“Pleaseacceptthechallengesoflifeandworkharder.Itisnowornever.Ihopeyouwillneverdisappointus.”Withhiswordsringinginmyears,Idiscoveredanewfoundresolve.Mypathsuddenlybecameclear:IhadtofinishwhatIhadstartedandgobacktoschool.(在漫长的旅途中，我想起了祖父的最后一句话：“请接受生活的挑战，更加努力地工作。”机不可失，时不再来。我希望你永远不会让我们失望。”他的话在我耳边回响，我有了新的决心。我的道路突然变得清晰起来:我必须完成我已经开始的事情，回到学校)”可知，爷爷临终前的话激励作者重返校园。故选C。27．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者退学后重返校园，通过不懈的努力，终于取得傲人的成绩的故事。由此可推断，本文可能出自杂志的生活栏目。故选D。C（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）Ourbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpreting(重新解释)ambiguoussounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.Thefindingspointtonewwaysweuseinformationandcontexttoaidinspeechcomprehension.“Whatapersonthinkstheyheardoesnotalwaysmatchtheactualsignalsthatreachtheear,”explainsleadauthorLauraGwilliams.“Thisisbecausethebrainre-evaluatestheinterpretationofaspeechsoundatthemomenteachfollowingspeechsoundisheardinordertoupdateinterpretationsasnecessary,”Gwilliamssays.It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.28．Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A．Whypeoplemakeunclearsounds. B．Howbrainsunderstandunclearwords.C．Howbrainstellapartusefulinformation. D．Whysomepeopleprocessinformationfaster.29．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexampleinparagraph3?A．Itisnormalforpeopletomakeunclearsounds.B．Peoplearemorelikelytomisheartheirfriends.C．Peoplecanunderstandotherseveniftheymishearaword.D．Peoplearelikelytomistakeawordforsomethingfamiliar.30．Whatdoweknowabouttheunclearwordsintheexperiments?A．Theyseemedtobeuseless. B．Theywerenoticedinstantly.C．Theyledtomisunderstanding. D．Theystoppedusthinkingfurther.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound. B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword. D．Thefollowingspeechsound.【答案】28．B29．C30．B31．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ourbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpreting(重新解释)ambiguoussounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.(根据一项新研究，我们的大脑在重新解释模棱两可的声音时会使用一种“自动纠正”功能。这项研究揭示了大脑是如何利用发现一个初始声音后收集的信息来帮助理解语言的)”可知，这项研究的主要内容是大脑如何理解不清晰的词语。故选B。29．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we.aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”(众所周知，对语音的感知是由周围环境决定的——以单词、句子和其他语音的形式。这在日常生活中也会发生——当我们说话的时候，我们实际说的话往往是模棱两可的。例如，当一个朋友说她的车有一个凹痕时，你可能会听到“tent”。虽然这种模棱两可经常发生，但我们。作为听众，我们几乎意识不到这一点。“这是因为大脑自动为我们解决了模糊性——它选择了一种解释，这就是我们所听到的，”Gwilliams解释说。“大脑这样做的方式是利用周围的环境来缩小说话人可能想要表达的可能性。”)”可推知，作者想通过第三段的例子说明即使听错了一个词，人们也能听懂别人说的话。故选C。30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.(他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层(初级听觉皮层)在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的歧义程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释信号)”可知，实验中不清楚的单词很快就被注意到了。故选B。31．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。D（2023·福建厦门高三模拟）AfterarelaxingJulydayattheJerseyShorein2021,JessicaReederandhertwochildrenheadedhometoPhiladelphia.AstheyreachedPennsylvania,theyweregreetedwithayellow-graysky.ItremindedReederofwhatsheoftensawinSouthernCaliforniainherchildhoodwhenwildfireswereburning.InNorthAmerica,mostlargewildfiresoccurinthewesternstatesandCanada.ButsmokegeneratedintheWestdoesn’tstaythere.Ittendstotraveleast.Withindays,itcandirtytheairintheMidwestandevenEastCoasttowns.Today,mostasthma(哮喘)-relatedUSdeathsandemergency-roomvisitsfromwildfiresmokeoccurineasterncities.Thebigproblemcomesfromtinyaerosols(气溶胶)--bitsofash,andotherdropletsintheair.Scientistsrefertothismixasparticulatematter,orPM.ThesmallerthePMis,thelongeritcanstayintheair.Andthelongeritfloats,thefartheritcantravel.TheespeciallyworrisomesizesareknownasPM2.5.Thesebitsarenomorethan2.5micrometerswide.That’saboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseaerosolsaresosmallthattheycanbebreatheddeeplyintothelungs.PM2.5hasbeenlinkedwithbreathing-relatedinjuryandheartdisease.Overthelastfewdecades,USclean-airlawshavesetlimitsonemissions(排放)ofPMfromindustrialsources.Thathashelpedcleantheairinmanycities.Buttheserulesdon’tcoverPMfromwildfiresmoke.Recentstudieshaveshownthataerosolsfromwildfiresmaybemorepoisonousthanindustrialsourcesofthesepollutants.Sofar,muchofthescienceonhowwildfirePM2.5cansickenpeoplehasfocusedonpeopleexposedtosmokenearfiresintheUSWest.Now,researchersareturningtheirattentiontohowthissmokemaybeaffectingpeopleasfarawayastheEastCoast.Withclimatechangeincreasingtheintensityandfrequencyofwildfires,peopleacrossNorthAmericaneedtobemoreconcernedaboutthehealthimpactsofthissmoke.32．WhydoestheauthortellJessicaReedersstory?A．Toleadinthetopic. B．Topraiseherperformance.C．Torememberafriend. D．Tointroduceanicescene.33．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheclassificationofPM. B．Thetreatmentforasthma.C．Theharmoftinyaerosols. D．ThecharacteristicsofPM.34．WhatdidAmericadotocleantheairinthepast?A．ItcutdownonPMfromwildlifesmoke.B．Itreducedindustrialemissionsbylaw.C．Itencouragedpeopletoworkfromhome.D．Itstoppedwildfiresmoketravellingeast.35．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildfireSmokePosesHealthRisksinNorthAmericaB．WildfiresAreBurningOutofControlintheUSC．WhyDoLargeWildfiresOccurintheEasternUS?D．HowDoWildfiresAffecttheWesternUSCities?【答案】32．A33．D34．B35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了美国西海岸的山火所产生的烟尘飘散至北美中西部地区甚至东部沿海城市，危及整个北美地区的民众健康。32．推理判断题。根据第一段“AfterarelaxingJulydayattheJerseyShorein2021,JessicaReederandhertwochildrenheadedhometoPhiladelphia.AstheyreachedPennsylvania,theyweregreetedwithayellow-graysky.ItremindedReederofwhatsheoftensawinSouthernCaliforniainherchildhoodwhenwildfireswereburning.”（2021年7月在泽西海岸度过了轻松的一天后，杰西卡·里德和她的两个孩子回到了费城的家。当他们到达宾夕法尼亚州时，迎接他们的是一片黄灰色的天空。这让里德想起了她童年时经常在南加州看到的野火。）以及下文内容可知，作者讲述杰西卡·里德的故事是为了引出本文话题。故选A项。33．主旨大意题。根据第四段“ThesmallerthePMis,thelongeritcanstayintheair.Andthelongeritfloats,thefartheritcantravel.TheespeciallyworrisomesizesareknownasPM2.5.Thesebitsarenomorethan2.5micrometerswide.That’saboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseaerosolsaresosmallthattheycanbebreatheddeeplyintothelungs.PM2.5hasbeenlinkedwithbreathing-relatedinjuryandheartdisease.”（颗粒物越小，在空气中停留的时间就越长。它漂浮的时间越长，就能飞得越远。特别令人担忧的是PM2.5。这些钻头的宽度不超过2.5微米。这大约是人类头发宽度的三十分之一。这些气溶胶非常小，可以被吸入肺部深处。PM2.5与呼吸相关的损伤和心脏病有关。）可知，本段主要讲的是PM（空气颗粒物）的特征。故选D项。34．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Overthelastfewdecades,USclean-airlawshavesetlimitsonemissions(排放)ofPMfromindustrialsources.”（在过去的几十年里，美国的清洁空气法对工业排放的PM设定了限制。）可知，在过去的几十年中，美国以法律手段减少工业废弃中的颗粒物排放量。故选B项。35．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Today,mostasthma(哮喘)-relatedUSdeathsandemergency-roomvisitsfromwildfiresmokeoccurineasterncities.”（今天，大多数与哮喘相关的美国死亡和野火烟雾造成的急诊室就诊发生在东部城市。）可知，本文主要介绍了美国西海岸的山火所产生的烟尘飘散至北美中西部地区甚至东部沿海城市，危及整个北美地区的民众健康。故文章最适合的标题是“野火烟雾对北美健康构成威胁”。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.36,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.37.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“38.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“40,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】36．B37．D38．C39．E40．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。36．根据下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成notonly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。37．根据上文“Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedto