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关于英语主动语态和被动语态
英语动词有两种语态:
主动语态
(theActiveVoice)
被动语态(thePassiveVoice)What
isit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.第2页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态第3页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用主动语态(ActiveVoice);如果主语是动作的承受者,动词便用被动语态(PassiveVoice)。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。Manystudents
study
English.(主动语态)
English
isstudied
bymanystudents.(被动语态)第4页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Whentouseit?
1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当我们需要强调动作承受者,而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)
。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。(强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现)
Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.第5页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如:AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.第6页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月
TheStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
(be+P.P.)
第7页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月一般现在时:am/is/aredone一般过去时:was/weredone现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时:was/werebeingdone现在完成时:have/hasbeendone过去完成时:hadbeendone一般将来时:shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.
他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.
这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.
那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.
他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.
这孩子必须被好好照顾。第8页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月被动语态的结构:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.第9页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月在改写中应注意:1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例
例1将下列句子改为被动语态。
We
cleanourclassroomeveryday.
Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.
第10页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者They
make
shoesinthatfactory.
Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词
made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.第11页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月
Tom
broke
thewindow.
Thewindow
wasbroken
byTom.
Tom
broke
thewindows.
Thewindows
werebroken
byTom.
He
broke
thewindows.
Thewindows
werebroken
byhim.
第12页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月一般现在时的被动语态:am/are/is+
过去分词
Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Football
allovertheworld
.We
thisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)第13页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+
过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachines
tomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWall
longago.Twoyearsagothosemachines
shoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)
wereused(byus)tomake第14页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月一般将来时的被动语态:will/begoingto+be+
过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiary
nextclass.Abirthdayparty
.
willbewritten(byus)
isgoingtoheldbyTom第15页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月情态动词的被动语态:must/haveto/can等+be+
过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpottery
awayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpottery
atonce.Ourhomework
.
mustbethrownaway(byyou)
hastobefinished(byus)ontime第16页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.第17页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.第18页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Weusually
hearhimplayinthenextroom.He
isusuallyheardto
playinthenextroom.第19页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月2.They
bought
tencomputerslastterm.Tencomputers
werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时:S+was/were+过去分词第20页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月He
boughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.第21页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月4.Aby
cantakegoodcareof
Tina
.Tina
canbetakengoodcareof
byAby.情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词第22页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe
easilycarriedbyhim.第23页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.第24页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.第25页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月3.They
willfinish
theworkintendays.Thework
willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时:S+will+be+过去分词第26页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.第27页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Someworkers
arepainting
theroomsnow.Therooms
arebeingpainted
bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时:
S+am/is/are+being+过去分词第28页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月They
areholding
asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting
isbeingheld
(bythem)now.第29页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月We
havemade
twentymorekeys.Twentymorekeys
havebeenmade
byus.现在完成时:
S+have/has+been+过去分词第30页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Workers
havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.第31页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月We
hadreceived
manylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manyletters
hadbeenreceived
bytheendoflastweek.第32页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月They
wouldhave
apartythenextday.Aparty
wouldbehad
(bythem)thenextday.第33页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives___________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态)七嘴八舌第34页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.第35页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused第36页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished第37页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous第38页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone第39页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine__________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken第40页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem第41页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Answerrightorwrong
1.必须照看好孩子们。
Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。
ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。
Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWR第42页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月4.这辆自行车能修吗?
Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。
Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR第43页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Theymade
shoesinthatfactory.Theywillmake
shoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmake
shoesinthatfactory.Theycanmake
shoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemade
shoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmade
shoesinthatfactory.Theyaremaking
shoesinthatfactory.Theyweremaking
shoesinthatfactory.第44页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月四.几种值得注意的被动语态变化.1带复合宾语的被动语态结构.(1)makesb.dosth.
sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen
made
Jim
do
hishomeworkathome.Jim
wasmadetodo
hishomework
byMrGreen
athome.watchlethavehearseenotice第45页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月
一些特殊结构的被动结构:(1)感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态(2)使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态如动词为make,see,hear,watch等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to”
。如:
Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseento
falloffthetree.第46页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月思考2:12.IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.She
inthemorning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs
第47页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月14.Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorse
allday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.I
outforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo
口诀:这些动词真奇怪,主动句中to离开,被动句中to回来。(hear,let,have,make,see,watch…)第48页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月helpsb(to)V
behelpedtoV.
Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.
第49页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….第50页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月三.带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=Abookhasbeengivento
TombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.第51页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月带有双宾语(宾语既有人又有物)的被动结构是:
1.将间接宾语(人)变为主语,直接宾语(物)不变。2.将直接宾语(物)变为主语,一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.第52页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Bob
sent
Kate
aletterlastyear.=Kate
wassent
aletter
byBoblastyear.=Aletter
wassent
toKate
byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.第53页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade
anewdressbyMum.Anewdress
wasmade
for
mebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotherabook.第54页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月思考1:将下列的主动句变为被动语态:
Wegavehimsomebooks.→He
.→Somebooks
.wasgivensomebooks(byus)
weregiventohim(byus)
第55页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof
byGrandma.注:动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.第56页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月必背!动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter第57页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月Theysaid
thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid
thathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有:
Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......Wereport第58页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如:belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,,breakout,appear,last,start等。
*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.
*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.不用被动语态的几种情况:第59页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月不用被动语态的几种情况:2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard,please.【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou.3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态第60页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月不用被动语态的几种情况:4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish
tastes
good.Thescarf
feels
soft.第61页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月5.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。例如:【正】Youmustlookafteryourself.【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter
4.某些动词形式是主动,但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebook
sells
well.Thiskindofcloth
washesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebook
issold
out.第62页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.第63页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月知识运用一、单项选择:1.Onlythirty-eightideas
bythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihua
at6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.(2006)
A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD第64页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.It
whilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreen
twominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB第65页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月5.Mr.Johnson’sstory
byeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD第66页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月二、请把下面句子改为被动语态
1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.→Jack
carefullyhowtouseit.
2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGames
in2008.
wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing第67页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→
.→.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy_________________________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseen
toplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng第68页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcountry
moreandmorebeautiful.
shouldbemadetobecome第69页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月练习:将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛).Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.Wetookmanyphotos.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.
Manyphotosweretakenbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroom
isused
forplayingtabletennisbythem.第70页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题)
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题)
A.aren’ttakeawayB.takenawayC.isn’ttakenawayD.betakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题)wastold第71页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月4.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市)变主动语态
______________anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_______________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题)6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.(上海市中考题)
Thevegetables_______________onthefarm.TTheysentupwereplanted
aregrown第72页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月
一、选择正确答案:
1.Doyouknowwhat_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterday. A.willbefoundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby
4.AnEnglishsong________ontheradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB第73页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_____________correctly.
2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth________withwater.3.Ourcity
Beijing.4.Allthemagazines_________________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmachine_____________byMr.Blacklastyear.6.Allthewords
onthebackofthecard.
iscoveredwerereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalledarewritten第74页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月5)Exercises:选择填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA第75页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproduced
C.producedD.isproduces
AADA第76页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月1.Ourschool_________in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWas
builtwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld第77页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月用所给动词的正确形式填空:1).Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2).Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3).Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4).French___________(speak)inFrance.5).Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed第78页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句(注意时态的一致)1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.
2.Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3.DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4.Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.
Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5.Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?第79页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月
用适当的形式填空
1.Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2.Heisoften___________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3.Thebook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4.Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5.Sometrees________________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6.Anewsubway_____________(build)nextyear.7.She______________(take)tothehospitalalready.8.Thousandsofsatellites____________(send)upintothespacesofar.9.Theysaidthey____________(invite)tothepartyalready.10.Thetrains____________(produce)inZhuzhou.11.Youngtreesshould_________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewatered第80页,共89页,星期六,2024年,5月MultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.
4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswritten
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