补充 周霜红 陶瓷英语教程课件

陶瓷英语教程课件——从彩陶文明到“珠山八友”之中国陶瓷艺术发展综述Chapter1PotteryAge

第一章陶器时代Pre-readingquestions:1．Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?2．Doyouknowthedevelopmentalhistoryofpottery?AceramicpotfoundintheFairyCaveRuinsofWannianCounty,JiangxiProvince.(Abouttenthousandyearsold.)江西万年仙人洞遗址陶罐（距今约一万多年）Apotterybasin,paintedwithDancersoftheMajiayaoculture.马家窑文化舞蹈纹彩陶盆Apotterybasin,paintedwithpeople’sfacesintheNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCulture.仰韶文化人面纹网纹彩陶盆KneelingPotteryFigurineofQinShihuangMausoleum秦始皇陵武士跪射陶俑

PaintedpotteryFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynasty汉代彩绘陶杂技俑Text:TheEvolutionofThePotteryChinaisthehomecountryofceramicsanditisalsooneofthefirstcountriesthatmadetheinventionofthepottery.中国是瓷器的母国，亦是最早发明陶器的国家之一。Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.陶器是指将制陶粘土，经水湿润后，塑造成一定的形状，干燥后，用火加热到一定的温度，使之烧结成为坚固的陶器。InChina,theearliestpotterywasfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouth,andisbelievedtobeabouttenthousandyearsold.我国最早的陶器发现于南方的一些山洞中，距今约一万年。

Potterygivesgreatconveniencetohumanlifeandconsolidatesthehumansettlement,whichenlargesthesignificanceofagriculturalproductiontotheprogressofhumansociety.NeolithicAgewasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery,inwhichvariouscolorfulanddistinctivepotterycivilizationsemergedbasedontheirdifferentlocalcharacteristics.

陶器方便和巩固了人类的定居生活，扩大了农业生产对人类社会进步的意义。新石器时代是我国陶器大发展时期，各地因地制宜，展现出异彩纷呈、各具特色的陶器文明。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindofthemostartisticcharm.Thiskindofpotteryisbakedbetween900-1000degreesCelsiusandwaspaintedinblackandred,whichpresentsabeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.彩陶艺术是其中最具艺术魅力的种类，它是在陶器未烧之前以黑色、红色颜料进行绘制，以900-1000摄氏度高温烧成，呈现出美观夺目的花纹。FromtheprimitivesocietyuntiltheQinandHandynasties,potterywasprosperingwithgreatsuccess,PiecessuchastheTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumareknownasoneofthewondersoftheworld.Duetoitsspectacularsceneandvividintegrationofbodyandspirit,theTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesofQinShihuangMausoleumrepresentthehighestlevelofpotterymaking.从原始社会直到秦汉时期，都是陶器大放异彩的时代，如秦始皇陵兵马俑，被誉为世界一大奇迹，场面壮观、形神兼备，达到了陶塑制作的最高水平。However,thepotteryfigurinesoftheHanDynastydisplaythejoyinordinarylife,whichhavelivelygestures,realisticexpressionsandclearseculartendency.汉代的陶俑则另具一番生活情趣，形态生动、栩栩如生，世俗化倾向明显。Ceramics陶瓷Pottery陶器Clay制陶粘土Claypot陶罐Paintedpottery彩陶Abasinofpaintedpottery彩陶盆Potteryfigurine陶俑

KeyTermsandsentencesKeyTermsandsentencesCanyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?你能告诉我一些关于陶器的历史吗？Itcandatebacktotenthousandyearsago.它可以追溯到一万年前。Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.一旦湿了，它可以被加工成一定的形状。TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.彩陶是在历史上是最具艺术魅力的。Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.随着时间的推移，每个朝代都有自己的陶器特征。ScenedialogueAttheJingdezhenairport,aforeignstudentencounteredaChineseteacherwhotaughtporcelainhistory.Hewantedtolearnsomethingaboutpottery.S:aforeignstudentT:theteacherS:Hello!IamastudentfromOxfordUniversity.MynameisBrian.Nicetomeetyou!T:Hello!Gladtomeetyou.IamateacherfromJingdezhengUniversity.MynameisXupeng.S:whatkindofsubjectdoyouteach?T:Iteachporcelainhistory.S:Woo!Iamveryinterestedinporcelain.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutpottery?T:Actuallypotteryhasaverylonghistory.Itcanbedatedbacktotenthousandyearsago.S:AsfarasIknow,theearliestpotteryisfoundinsomeofthecavesintheSouthofChina.Wasitveryeasyfortheancientpeopletomakepottery?T:No,Pottery-makingisacomplicatedprocess.Firstofallthepotteryclayshouldbemixedupwithsomewater.Oncewet,itcanbeshapedintoacertainform.Then,itcanbeheatedtoacertaintemperaturebyfireaftergettingdried,whichcanbesinteredintothesolidpottery.S:Sowhenwasthefastestdevelopmentalperiodofpottery?T:ItwasintheNeolithicAge.TheAncientPaintedPotteryisthekindwiththemostartisticcharminthehistory.Astimegoesby,eachdynastyhasitsownpotterycharacteristics.S:Well,Ilearntalotfromyouaboutpotterytoday.WhenIgobacktoBritain,Icouldshareitwithmyclassmates.Thankyouverymuch!Nowitistimeformetoboardmyplane.Goodbye!T:bye-bye!SupplementaryReadingChina,asoneoftheworld'smostancientcivilizations,hasmadeamultipleofcontributionsfortheadvancementandimprovementofhumansocieties.ItisfairtosaythatceramicshistoryisaveryimportantpartofChina'shistory.Theword"china"clearlyshowsthatthecountryisthe"homeofpottery(陶器)andporcelain（瓷器）."Collision

of

water,

clay

and

fire

gave

rise

toacolorful

pottery

and

porcelainculture.Pottery

is

a

treasure

of

humankind.

China

won

its

name

as

"Country

of

Porcelain".

As

early

as

theNeolithic

Age,

Chinese

people

had

already

got

to

know

how

to

make

and

use

pottery.1.TheexistenceofpotterywasahallmarkoftheNeolithicAge（新石器时代）inprimitivesociety.2、Morethan10,000yearsago

：Potteryshards（陶瓷碎片）werediscoveredinJiangxiProvince.3、7,000yearsago：ThesiteoftheHemuduCultureinZhejiangProvincecouldmadeGreypottery,redpottery.4、TheShangandZhoudynasties（16thcentury-221BC）：Aclear-cutdivisionoflaborhadalreadyappeared.5、TheWarringStatesPeriod（475-221BC）：Flowersandbirdswerecarvedonthepottery.6、TheWesternHanDynasty（206BC-24AD）：Theartofglazing（上釉）potterybecamewidespread.7、TheHanDynasty（206BC-220AD）：Multi-colored（综合彩）glazewasalsointroduced.8、TheSuiDynasty（581-618）：Greatervarietyandcolor.9、TheTangDynasty(618-907):Morecolorwasappliedtothem，theinventionofpotterswhointroducedwhite,yellow,blue,green,brown,purpleandsoon.Exercises:1,Matchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptions.ThepotterypotfromFairyCaveRuinsinWannianCountyofJiangxiProvinceKneelingpotteryfigurineofQinShihuangMausoleumThePaintedPotterFigurinesofAcrobaticsoftheHanDynastyThePaintedPotteryBasinwithPeople’sFacesinNetlikeDesignoftheYangshaoCultureThePaintedPotteryBasinwithDancersofMajiayaoCulture2.roleplay:ImaginethatoneofyourfriendsinviteyoutovisittheCeramicsMuseumwithhim.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinpottery-making.WithapartnermakeadialoguetotalkabouttheprocessofmakingpotteryThefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:﹒complicatedprocess;mixupwithsomewater;shapedintoacertainform;﹒heattoacertaintemperaturebyfire;getdried;sinterintothesolidpottery;﹒thekindwiththemostartisticcharm;paintinblackandred;﹒burnunder900-1000degreesCelsiustemperature;﹒abeautifulandeye-catchingpattern.

Ex.1P5把KeyTermsandSentences部分默写一遍，中文英文都要抄。Ex.2P

4课文的第一段翻译为汉语，英文不用抄写。Ex.3P1Pre-readingQuestions仅做题1，即：1.Haveyoueverlearnttheprocessofmakingthepottery?Chapter2CeladonAge

第二章青瓷时代Pre-readingquestions:1,Doyouknowwhenporcelainappeared?Andthedifferencesbetweenpotteryandporcelain?2,Haveyoueverheardofceladon?PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)

商代原始瓷尊CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)

东汉青瓷四系罐CeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)

南朝青瓷莲花尊EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop东晋越窑青釉龟形砚滴Text:

Porcelain--AnImportantChineseInvention

Porcelainevolvesoutofpottery.IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainappeared.Asaproductofthe“potterytoporcelain”transitionperiod,primitiveporcelainpossessesmoreintensebody,morebeautifulexterior,aboveall,washableanddurablefeatures.瓷器由陶器发展而来。商代时，原始瓷器即已问世。作为从陶器向瓷器转变阶段的产物，原始瓷有很多特点：坯体更紧密、外观更漂亮、可水洗、更耐用。Duetoimmaturetechniques,itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.由于技术不成熟，这时的瓷器被称为“原始青瓷”。当时，这种瓷器在很多方面都不完善，其外形基本源于当时的陶器和青铜器。IntheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),primitiveceladonlastingfornearlyathousandyearsfinallyexitedthestageofhistory.Intoday’sShangyuregion,ZhejiangProvince,theporcelain-makingcraftsteppedoveritsprimitivestate.Theceladonpresentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors.至东汉时期，存在了一千多年的原始青瓷终于退出了历史舞台。在今天的浙江省上虞地区，瓷器制作工艺已经跨出了其原始状态，青瓷呈现出浅蓝黄色，蓝绿色和其他不同的颜色。

Withthefiringtemperaturesofmorethan2,372F(1,300℃),thesinteringporcelainbodybecomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Andtheglaze’ssaggingphenomenonwasalsowellcontrolled.Matureporcelainappeared.因为经过2372华氏度（即1300摄氏度）的高温烧制，烧结的瓷体变得紧密、坚固，并透着釉的光泽。而且釉的下沉现象也得到很好的控制。成熟的瓷器出现了。AftertheEasternHanDynasty(25-220),Chinaentereda400-year’sseparatedunrest---theWei(220-265),theJin(265-420)andtheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420-589).Duringthisperiod,thehandicraftindustryinnorthChinawasdevastatedbywarfare,whereasinsouthChina,withrelativelystablesocialcondition,theporcelainindustrywaslargelydeveloped.东汉结束后，中国进入了长达400年的分裂动荡时期，即魏晋南北朝时期。这一时期，由于长期的战争，北方的手工业受到了破坏。而在相对稳定的南方，陶瓷业得到了很大的发展。Despitetheemergenceofblackporcelainandwhiteporcelain,celadonwasstillinadominantposition.Imagesofanimalsappearedinsouthernceladon,makingtheporcelainwarefulloffunandjoy.虽然黑瓷、白瓷开始出现，青瓷仍然占据主导地位。动物形象出现在南方的青瓷器上，使得瓷器充满生机和乐趣。AndYueKilnwastherepresentativekilnatthattime.Duetotheexquisiteporcelainbody,thebeautyofglaze,itbecamethemodelofotherkilns.越窑是当时最具代表性的窑口，其胎之精、釉之美，成为当时众多青瓷窑口竞相模仿的楷模。celadon[‘selədɒn]n.

青瓷；灰绿色,浅绿色porcelain[‘pɔːsəlɪn]n.

瓷器；陶瓷evolve[ɪ‘vɒlv]v.

发展，进展；进化；逐步形成

transition[træn‘zɪʃən]n.

过渡；转变；转换possess

[pə‘zes]vt.拥有，具备，掌握

e.g.Hedecidedtogiveawayeverythinghepossessed.

他决定放弃他所有的一切。exterior

[ɪk'stɪərɪə]adj.外部的；表面的；外在的

n.外部；表面；外型；外貌

e.g.Inoneadtheviewerscarcelyseesthecar's

exterior.

在一则广告中，观众几乎看不到汽车的外观。KeyTermsandsentences:immature[,ɪmə‘tjʊə]adj.不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的inherit

[ɪn'herɪt]vt.继承；遗传而得

e.g.Sheinheritshermother'slooks.

她继承了她母亲的相貌。contemporary[kən'tempərərɪ]

adj.当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的

e.g.Marlowewas

contemporary

withShakespeare.

马洛与莎士比亚是同时代的。

Hehaddevotedhiswholelifetothestudyofcontemporaryart.

他把他的一生都献给了当代艺术研究。bronze[brɒnz]n.青铜；古铜色；青铜制品

adj.青铜色的；青铜制的craft[krɑːft]n.工艺；手艺；行业bluish

['bluːɪʃ]adj.带蓝色的；有点蓝的

bluishyellow蓝黄色turquoise[‘tɜːkwɒɪz]n.绿松石；蓝绿色adj.蓝绿色的translucent[træns‘luːsənt]adj.

透明的；半透明的glazen.釉vt.上釉于

sag

vi.

下垂；下降；下沉handicraft

['hændɪkrɑːft]n.手工艺；手工艺品devastate[‘devəsteɪt]vt.毁灭；毁坏,破坏

e.g.Thehurricanedevastatedalargesectionofthecoast.

飓风毁坏了沿海地区的大部分。warfare[‘wɔːfeə]n.战争；冲突stable

['steɪbl]adj.稳定的；牢固的；坚定的emergence[ɪ'mɜːdʒəns]

n.出现，浮现；发生；露头kiln[kɪln]n.（砖，石灰等的）窑；炉；干燥炉representative[reprɪ'zentətɪv]

adj.典型的，有代表性的；代议制的

n.代表；典型；众议员exquisite

[ɪk'skwɪzɪt]adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的pottery['pɒtəri]n.陶器；陶器厂[作坊]porcelain['pɔ:səlin]n.瓷，瓷器primitiveporcelain原始瓷immature[imə'tjʊə(r)]adj.不成熟的；未完成的；粗糙的technique[tek'ni:k]n.技巧，技术，手段；技能；手法celadon['selədɒn]n.灰绿色，青瓷色，青瓷primitiveceladon原始青瓷inherit[in'herit]vt.&vi.继承contemporary[kən'temprəri]adj.当代的，现代的；

同时代的，同属一个时期的turquoise[tɜ:kwɔiz]adj.蓝绿色的KeyTermsandsentences:sintering['sintəriŋ]v.烧结；

烧成sag[sæɡ]vi.下垂；消沉；下跌；translucent[træns'lu:snt]adj.半透明的；

透亮的，有光泽的handicraft['hændikrɑ:ft]n.手工艺；手工艺品devastate['devəsteit]vt.破坏；

毁灭blackporcelain黑瓷whiteporcelain白瓷kiln[kiln]n.窑；炉YueKiln越窑emergence[i'mə:dʒəns]n.出现，发生；

暴露1.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.烧成后胎骨细腻坚硬，不再渗水。同时胎色变得更浅，呈现出灰白色和淡黄色。2.Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc原始瓷虽然在工艺上存在许多不足，如胎壁厚薄不均，质地比较粗糙，胎体的透光性比较差，釉层很薄且施釉不匀等。3.AsasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.但作为中国陶瓷初始阶段的标志，它的出现意义深远，开创了瓷器大发展的先河。KeyTermsandsentences:SceneDialogueexhibition[eksɪ'bɪʃən]n.展览，显示；展览会pamphlet['pæmflɪt]n.小册子jar[dʒɑː]n.罐；广口瓶rough[rʌf]adj.粗糙的；粗略的；艰苦的；未经加工的waterproof['wɔːtəpruːf]adj.防水的，不透水的deficiency[dɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]n.缺陷，缺点；缺乏texture['tekstʃə]n.质地；纹理；结构；本质，实质transmission[træns'mɪʃən]n.传递；传送；传动装置initial[ɪ‘nɪʃəl]adj.最初的；字首的far-reachingadj.意义深远的；影响深远的；precedent[‘presɪdənt]n.先例；前例flourish[‘flʌrɪʃ]n.兴旺；茂盛；繁荣Scene:M=MaryK=KimMary:Hi,Kim,ThisisJingdezhenMuseumofPorcelain.Kim:Great.Mary:Wecanseesomeancientporcelainhere.Kim:Oh,Hurryup!Whereshouldwegofirst?Mary:Thisway,theexhibitionhall.Ithinkwe'dbettergetapamphletofthemuseum.Kim:What’sthis?Itlookslikeajar.Ifeelitisrough.Mary:Itwascalled“primitiveceladon”.Atthattime,itwasstillnotperfectinsomeaspects.Theshapesgenerallyinheritedfromthecontemporarypotteryandbronze.Kim:Yeah,itisprimitiveporcelain.Mary:That’sright.Primitiveporcelain,alsoknownas“primitiveceladon”,appliedKaolinclayastherawmaterialofitsbody.Afterfiring,thebasewouldbecomesmooth,solidandwater-proof.Thecolorwouldturnlighter,asgreywhiteandlightyellow.Kim:Wow.Mary:Althoughprimitiveporcelainholdsmanytechnicaldeficiencies,suchasunevenporcelainbody,roughtexture,relativelypoorlighttransmission,thinandroughglazelayer,etc,asasymbolofChineseporcelain’sinitialstage,itsappearanceisfar-reachingandcreatesaprecedentforlatergreatflourishofporcelain.Kim:Igotit.It’sverykindofyou.SupplementaryReadingPorcelain-firingCraftsThelastingflourishofthefiringandmakingofporcelainsinChinawerecloselyinvolvedwiththepreciseandaccuratedivisionoflaborandtheconstantinnovationsofthetechniquesofporcelain-making.CollectingMaterials1.Potterystones(feldspar)andKaolinclayaretheessentialmaterialsforformingbodyandcompoundingglaze.Thepotterystonewithalowcontentofpotassiumoxideandsodiumoxideareusedtoformporcelainbodyandthosewithahighcontentareusedtocompoundglaze.Collectingmaterialsisthefirststepofporcelain-making.Thepotterystoneandkaolinclayshouldbemanuallystruckintofragmentsandthengroundtofinepowderwithwater-poweredstamper.

RefiningSlurry2.ThepotterystonesandKaolinclaygroundbythewater-poweredstampershouldundergotheproceduresofwashing,precipitationandde-slagging,sothattheformingqualityofthebodieswouldbeincreased.Andglazeashshouldbeaddedtotheglazeslipformakingglaze.Thefilteredslurryispouredintoslurryboxforprecipitationandthenmadeintoclods,whicharecalled“Dunzi”.3Wheel-throwingPuttheclogsonthewheelcarts,shapethemwithhandduringhighspeedrevolutionandmakethebaseintothemoldstyle.Wheel-throwingisthetraditionalmethodforproducingpotteryandporcelain.Theroundwareslikebowlsandplateswithsimpleshapesareallformedinthisway.4StampingAftertheporcelainbaseisformed,putitonthemoldforpattingandpressingandmakethethicknessofthemudbaseeven,andthentakeitoffthemoldandplaceitintheshadetodry.5TrimmingTrimmingisalsocalledlipi(basesharpening).Theporcelainbase,whosesizeisspecified,shouldbetrimmedwithspecificknife,sothattheporcelainbasewouldbesmoothandevenbothinsideandoutsideandtheshapeoftheporcelaincouldbedetermined.6PaintingLikepolychromeglazedporcelainssuchasBlue-and-White(Qinghua)andUnderglazed-Red,afterthebase-making,thebodyshouldbepaintedwithvariousdecorativepatterns.7GlazingGlazingreferstoapplyingglazesliptothesurfaceoftheshapedporcelainbody.Itisacriticalprocessbeforethewareisfiredinthekiln.8KilnFillingTheprocedureofputtingthesagerloadedwithporcelainbodiestothekilnforfiringiscalled“kilnfilling”.Sincethetemperaturevariesindifferentpartsofthekiln,undertheconditionofstableandunimpededfire,theporcelainbodiesshouldbeplacedatdifferentplacesofthekilnbasedontheirdifferentfiringtemperatures.Andthensealtheentranceofthekilnwithbricks,leavingonlyoneopeningforthrowingfirewoodandthenlightthefire.9Over-glazedDecoratingOver-glazeddecoratingreferstoconductingcoloredpaintingsonthefiredporcelain,andthenputtingitinthekilnforthesecondtimetosolidifythecolorpigmentwithlowtemperature.TheBlue-and-White(Qinghua)porcelainwithcoloreddecorations,Five-Colors(Wucai)porcelain,Enamel-Color(Falangcai)andothercoloredpaintedporcelainsareallmadeinthisway.10FurnaceBakingTheover-glazedporcelain,afterbeingpainted,shouldbeputintoasmallanderectcylindricalfurnaceandbakedwithlowtemperatureof1,472F(800℃)tosolidifythecolors.Exercises:

1.MatchthepicturesandthecorrespondingdescriptionsCeladonZun(Jar)withLotusPattern(theSouthernDynasties)CeladonJarwithFourHandles(theEasternHanDynasty25-220)PrimitiveCeladonZun(theShangDynasty)

EasternJinYueKilnCeladonTurtle-shapedwaterdrop2MakingadialogueSupposethatoneofyourfriendscallsonyouinyourhometown,Jingdezhen.Youshowhim/heraroundtheCeramicsMuseum.Yourfriendisespeciallyinterestedinit.Youtwomakeadialogueaboutceladon.Thefollowingkeyhintsmaybehelpfulforyou:IntheShangDynasty,primitiveporcelainwascalled“primitiveceladon”.IntheEasernHanDynasty,maturedceladon,presentslightbluishyellow,turquoiseandotherdifferentcolors,becomesdense,solidandtranslucentwithshinyglaze.Byandlarge,itwasstillatatransitionalstagefrompotterytoporcelainEx.4P14把KeyTermsandSentences部分的单词部分默写一遍，中文英文都要抄。Ex.5P

13课文的第一段翻译为汉语，英文不用抄写。

Chapter3PorcelainintheTangDynasty

Pre-readingquestions:1.Doyouknowceladonsouthandwhitenorth?DoyouknowSouthYueandNorthXing?2.Haveyoueverheardof‘Sancai’?

celadonsouthandwhitenorth南青北白SouthYueandNorthXing南方越窑和北方邢窑XingKilnEwer(theTangDynasty)唐代邢窑皮囊壶ewer

[ˈjuɚ]大口水壶，水罐ChangshaKilnBrownish-GreenColorJar(theTangDynasty)唐代长沙窑褐绿彩罐brownish呈褐色的brownish-green褐绿色bluish接近蓝色的bluish-yellow蓝黄色Tricolor-glazedCamelCarryingMusicians唐三彩骆驼载乐俑tri-:three.(表示“三”)Tri-color三彩triangle三角形tricycle三轮脚踏车triple三倍的tripod三脚架

Tricolor-glazedPeacockCup唐三彩孔雀杯唐三彩，汉族古代陶瓷烧制工艺的珍品，全名唐代三彩釉陶器，是盛行于唐代的一种低温釉陶器，釉彩有黄、绿、白、褐、蓝、黑等色，而以黄、绿、白三色为主，所以人们习惯称之为"唐三彩"。因唐三彩最早、最多出土于洛阳，亦有"洛阳唐三彩"之称。1905年陇海铁路洛阳段修筑期间，在古都洛阳北邙山发现一批唐代墓葬，后来人们习惯地把这类陶器称为"唐三彩"，并且沿用至今，享誉中外。Text:

TheDevelopment--PotteryandPorcelainoftheTangDynasties

Socialprosperity

promotedthedevelopmentofporcelain-making.XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,formingaCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.

发展----唐代的陶器和瓷器社会的繁荣促进了陶瓷制作的发展。北方邢窑和南方越窑同时存在，形成了南青北白的格局。prosperity

[prɒ'sperɪtɪ]n.繁荣，成功

e.g.

The

city

tookon

an

air

of

prosperity.

这个城市呈现出繁荣的景象。promote[prə'məʊt]vt.促进；提升；推销；发扬

e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.

他工作努力，很快就获得提升。simultaneously

[ˌsɪməl‘teɪnɪəslɪ]

adv.同时地XingKilninthenorthandYueKilninthesouthexistedsimultaneously,forming

aCeladonSouthandWhiteNorthsystem.KeyTermsandsentences……,forming……，此处是独立主格结构(AbsolutePhrase)做伴随状语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子，主要用于描绘性文字中，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。例如：表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。表伴随状况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。表示补充说明Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。YueKilnceladonglazepresentedajade-liketexture,withabluishgreenandyellow-shiningcolor,praisedas“thearistocratinporcelainwares”.Itenjoyedareputationforceladonandblackglazedporcelainproduction.Whilekilnsinthenorth,withtheXingKilnasarepresentative,becameknownfortheirwhiteporcelain.越窑青瓷呈现温润如玉的釉质，青绿略带闪黄的色彩，并被誉为“瓷中贵族”。它因为出产青瓷和黑瓷而享誉盛名。而北方窑口以邢窑为代表，因为白瓷而出名。jade

[dʒed]n.碧玉,翡翠;翡翠色;劣马,驽马adj.玉制的;翡翠色的;绿玉色的v.（使）疲;（使）疲惫不堪jade-likeadj.像玉一样的,如玉的texture[ˈtɛkstʃɚ]n.质地;结构;本质v.使具有某种结构jade-liketexture玉石般的质感aristocrat['ærɪstəkræt]n.贵族reputation[repjʊ‘teɪʃən]n.名声，名誉；声望become/beknownfor因/以……而闻名

KeyTermsandsentencesThetwotypesofproductsfeatureddistinct

regionalflavor,attainedahighdegreeoftechnicalperfection,andrepresentedthecountry’shighestlevelofporcelainmakingthen.这两种瓷制品带有具有鲜明的地域特色，达到了很高的技术完善度，并代表着当时我国的最高制瓷水平。distinct[dɪ'stɪŋkt]adj.明显的；清楚的；有区别的regional[‘riːdʒənl]adj.地区的；局部的；区域性的flavor

['fleɪvə]n.情味，风味；滋味attain[ə'teɪn]vt.达到，实现；获得；到达

e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[pə'fekʃ(ə)n]n.完善；完美KeyTermsandsentencesChangshaKilnshowedthenewwayofcolorporcelainandisuniqueinporcelaindecoration.AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.长沙窑昭示了瓷器彩绘发展的新方向并在陶瓷装饰领域独树一帜。长沙窑虽为普通民窑，却在彩绘装饰方面成就卓越，其地位日益受到重视。unique

[juː'niːk]adj.独特的，唯一的，独一无二的decoration[dekə‘reɪʃən]n.装饰，装潢；装饰品

*

decorate

vt.装饰；布置

folk[fəʊk]n.民族；人们；[口语]大伙们，各位

adj.民间的；民俗的；平民百姓的；起源于民间的splendid['splendɪd]adj.辉煌的；极好的；杰出的achievement[ə‘tʃiːvmənt]n.成就；成绩；完成although引导的让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为"尽管……"或"即使……"，就是我们日常生活中用的"退一步说…"的感觉。Though，although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或never，theless连用，但不能与but连用。

例如：Although/Thoughheisveryold,heisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。AlthoughChangshaKilnwasafolkkiln,itmadesplendidachievementsincolordecorationandgotincreasingattention.What’smore,newvarietiessuchastri-colorglazedpotteryappeared.Knownas“sancai”inChinese,itisatypeofceramicsoftheTangDynasty,(618-907AD)usingthreeintermingledcolorsfordecoration.此外，像三彩陶器这样的新种类出现了。这种陶器在中国被称为“三彩”，是唐朝时期用三种颜色来装饰的一种陶瓷。what‘more的用法what'more表示递进，表示“然而/还有...的”意思，独立使用，more后面不加词和句。what'smore后面加逗号，既可以放句首，也可以放句中

放句首时，What'smore,……（然而怎样怎样）

放句中，……，what'smore,……（……，还有/然而，……）

例如：:What'smore,heonlyknewhowtospellapple!

What'smore可以翻译成况且、更进一步来说、另外、更加苦逼/霸气的是。Idon'tknowhowtocook,what'smore,Idon'tenjoythefoodintherestaurant.tri-colorglazedpottery

三彩陶器*

tri-[trai]pref.三；三倍

e.g.triangle

三角形tricycle

三轮脚踏车intermingle

[ɪntə‘mɪŋgəl]vt.使混合；使搀和Leadoxideistheprincipalfluxintheglaze,andapolychromeeffectisobtainedbyusingcoloring

agentslikecopper(whichturnsgreen),iron(whichturnsyellowish-brown)andcobalt(whichturnsblue),thenfiringatabout800℃.

其釉以氧化铅为主要助熔剂，其彩饰效果是通过使用铜（会变成绿色）、铁（会变成黄褐色）和钴（会变成蓝色）等釉料着色剂在800摄氏度的低温下烧制而成。leadoxide['ɒksaɪd]氧化铅；一氧化铅

principal

['prɪnsəpəl]adj.主要的;n.首长；校长flux[flʌks]vt.使熔解；vi.熔化；流出

n.助焊剂，助熔剂polychrome['pɒlɪkrəʊm]adj.多彩的；多色装饰的obtain[əb‘teɪn]vt.获得；得到

e.g.Youcanalsoobtainknowledgethroughpractice.

你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。coloringagent

着色剂；染料copper[‘kɒpə]n.铜

cobalt[‘kəʊbɔːlt]n.[化学]钴；钴类颜料800℃:800degreesCelsius['selsɪəs]Sancaiwaresaremostlyfuneralobjects,reflectingthecommonpracticeofburyinginalavishwayatthattime.三彩制品大多作为冥器，用于随葬，反映了当时厚葬之风盛行。funeral['fjuːnərəl]n.葬礼；adj.丧葬的，出殡的reflect[rɪ'flekt]vt.反映；反射，照出；显示;反省

vi.反射，映现；深思lavish[‘lævɪʃ]adj.浪费的；挥霍的；丰富的；大方的prosperity

[prɒ'sperɪtɪ]n.繁荣，成功

e.g.

The

city

tookon

an

air

of

prosperity.

这个城市呈现出繁荣的景象。promote[prə'məʊt]vt.促进；提升；推销；发扬

e.g.Heworkedhardandwassoonpromoted.

他工作努力，很快就获得提升。simultaneously

[ˌsɪməl'teɪnɪəslɪ]

adv.同时地aristocrat['ærɪstəkræt]n.贵族reputation[repjʊ'teɪʃən]n.名声，名誉；声望distinct[dɪ'stɪŋkt]adj.明显的；清楚的；有区别的regional[‘riːdʒənl]adj.地区的；局部的；区域性的KeyTermsandsentencesflavor

['fleɪvə]n.情味，风味；滋味attain[ə'teɪn]vt.达到，实现；获得；到达

e.g.Hewantstoattainhisobject.perfection[pə'fekʃ(ə)n]n.完善；完美unique

[juː'niːk]adj.独特的，唯一的，独一无二的decoration[dekə‘reɪʃən]n.装饰，装潢；装饰品

*

decorate

vt.装饰；布置

folk[fəʊk]n.民族；人们；[口语]大伙们，各位

adj.民间的；