中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解)

中国石化英语分级测试第一篇HowtobeHappy如何获得幸福 2第二篇CityDesign城市设计 3第三篇Population人口 4第四篇Earthquake地震 5第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 6第六篇GreenComputers“绿色’’电脑 7第七篇CellPhones手机 8第八篇TouchTech触屏技术 9第九篇FossilFuelsandOurLife化石燃料与我们的生活 10第十篇CarbonEmissions碳排放 11第十一篇MarinePollution海洋污染 12第十二篇China'sGrowthandtheCleanEnergyTech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 13第十三篇MarketEconomy市场经济 14第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 15第十五篇TheInternet互联网 16十六篇AppleExpandsitsTouchy-FeelyVision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 17十七篇3GTechnology技术 18十八篇CarbonCaptureandStorage碳捕获和储存 19十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 20二十篇AlternateEnergies替代能源 21二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 22二十二篇CoalChemicallndustry煤化学工业 23二十三篇ResourceCurse资源诅咒 24二十四篇CompanyManagement公司管理 25二十五篇RecruitmentDrivesTakeTalentfromWidePool人才库 26二十六篇TipsforJobSeekers找工作的秘诀 27二十七篇ChineseOilMarket中国石油市场 28二十八篇0ilTrade石油贸易 29二十九篇HowILostMyHeadintheVolcanicAshCloud令人发疯的火山灰 30三十篇ProjectManagement项目管理 31

第一篇HowtobeHappy如何获得幸福Inthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositive_psychologistMartinSeligman,whereH（happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntary_choicesyoumake).过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。Stepl:Peaceandquiet第一步：平和宁静JonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。Step2:Relationships第二步：人际关系Thisisthemostimportantofalltheextemalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。Step3:Share第三步：分享Ifyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。阅读理解1.What'sthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?答案：TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake)．2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?答案：LoudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesaIldwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintruslvenoise.3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?答案：IfweneedourTV,radioormuslcuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?答案：Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?答案：Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.

第二篇CityDesign城市设计WhenI'mbeingdriventhroughacityfromourhoteltoaconferencecenter,Icouldn'thelpbutnotetheoverwhelmingpresenceofcarsandparkinglots.Theworld'scitiesareintrouble.Inhundredsofcities,thelifeofdailylifeisdeteriorating.Breathingtheairinsomecitiesisequivalenttosmokingtwopacksofcigarettesperday.Thenumberofhourscommutersspendgoingnowheresittingintraffic-congestedstreetsandhighwaysclimbshighereachyear,raisingfrustrationlevels．当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。Inresponsetotheseconditions,weareseeingtheemergencyofanewurbanism.Injustafewyears,manycitiesbannedtheparkingofcarsonsidewalks,createdorrenovatedmoreparks,introducedahighlysuccessfulbus-baserapidtransitsystem,builthundredsofkilometersofbicyclepathsandpedestrianstreets,reducedrushhourtraffic,plantedmoretreesandinvolvedlocalcitizensdirectlyintheimprovementoftheirneighborhoods.Thequalityofurbanlifeinthesecitieshasbeengreatlyenhancedwiththevisionofacitydesignedforpeople.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直接参与社区的改善工作。城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很大的提高。Nowgovemmentplannerseverywhereareexperimenting,seekingwaystodesigncitiesforpeoplenotcars.Carspromisemobility.Butinanurbanizingworldthereisaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecity.Afterapoint,astheirnumbersmultiply,automobilesprovidenotmobilitybutimmobility.现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。Basedonthisperspective,somecitiesinindustrialanddevelopingcountriesalikewilldramaticallyincreaseurbanmobilitybymovingawayfromthecar.Letmeremindyouoncemore,citiesarebuiltforpeople,notforcars.Acityfullofcarsislikewhatthehorrifyingsci-fidepicted-allmechanismandnohuman.Inordertoavoidthisdisaster,we'dbetterstartdesigningsustainablecities.基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。让我再次提醒你，城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的——全是机械，没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。阅读理解：1.Whatmeansoftransportationdoestheauthortaketotheconferencecenter?答案：(Hetakes)abus.2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhatishappeningincitieswheretherearemorecars?答案：Carsnotonlydoharmtopeople'shealthbutalsocauseheavytrafficjam.3.Whatdoesthelastsentence“thevisionofacitydesignedforpeople”inparagraph2mean?答案：Designcitiesforpeoplenot(for)cars.4.Whyisthereaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecityinurbanareas?答案：Becausepeopledependlargelyoncars.5.Howwouldacitylooklikeifcarswereeverywhere?答案：Therewouldbeallcars(mechanism)nohuman.

第三篇Population人口Averyimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.在我们这个星球上居住的人越来越多，是一个很重要的全球问题。如果继续按照现有的增长率发展下去，那么有限的土地及土地资源很快不能养活这么巨大的人口。Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas"DeathControl".那么为什么会出现人口的大量增长呢？这的确是因为知识的广泛传播和众所周知的“死亡控制”的结果。Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm"BirthControl"."DeathControl"issomethingratherdifferent.毫无疑问，你肯定听到过“生育控制”这个术语。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.它承认了医生和科学家的工作，现在他们能够留住那些患有各种各样绝症的病人的生命。而这些绝症在不久之前还是不可治愈的。Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthat"includefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.通过大范围的技术创新，其中包括耕作方法和对绝症的控制，我们已经找到降低死亡率的方法。然而，正是这项成功给人类带来最大的威胁。Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld'slandcannotproducefood.如果计算一下维持不断增长的人口所需的土地量，我们就能意识到这个问题。如果这个星球上的每个人都平均分一块土地，我们每个人会拥有五万平方米。这个数字看似相当振奋人心，而当我们计算一下每个人的实际可用耕地之后，就知道情况不太乐观了。因为世界上超过3/5的土地都不能生产粮食。Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Instead,weareconsumingits"capital"-itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades(3).Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewable,suchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.显然，能够养活我们的耕地如此之少，我们就应该想方设法不要让耕地继续减少下去。但是，我们并没有这样做！反而我们正在消耗它的“本钱”——其不可再生的化石燃料与其它矿藏，它们是在几百万年的时间里才形成的，然而现在，几十年内就会被消耗殆尽。我们对待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然资源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百万与我们共同居住在地球上的物种。阅读理解：1.Whatcanbelearntaboutthepopulationgrowthatpresent?答案：Itcontinuestoincrease／growatitspresentrate.2.Accordingtothearticle,whatcontributestothepopulationincrease?答案：DeathControl3.Whatisthedoctors'jobaccordingtoparagraph？答案：Theykeeppeoplewhosufferfromincurablediseasesalive.?4.Whyisn'tthereenoughlandtosupporthumanbeings答案：Becausetheworld'slandhasalreadybeentakenup／occupiedbytheever-increasingpopulation.5.Inparagraph4thefertilesoilsareconsideredas____.答案：nonrenewable

第四篇Earthquake地震Earthquakesmayberankedasoneofthemostdevastatingforceknowntomen;sincerecordsbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimatedthatearthquake-relatedfatalitieshavenumberedinmillionsandthatearthquake-relateddestructionhasbeenbeyondcalculation.Thegreaterpartofsuchdamageandlossoflifehasbeenduetocollapseofbuildingsandeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenaresultingfromearthquakes,ratherthanfromthequakesthemselves.地震是人类所知的最具有破坏力的自然灾害之一。自从有记载以来，估计由地震造成的死亡达数百万以上，地震造成的破坏更是不计其数。地震造成的破坏如此之大，死亡如此之多，主要是由于地震引发的建筑物倒塌、岩石崩落、洪水、火灾、疾病等现象造成的，而不是由于地震本身。Thegreatmajorityofallearthquakesoccurintwospecificgeographicareas.OnesuchareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses.TheotherextendsfromtheEastIndianstotheAtlasMountains,includingtheHimalayas,Iran,TurkeyandtheAlpineregions.Theymayhappenanywhereatanytime.大多数地震发生在两个独特的地理位置。一个是环太平洋地区及相邻的大陆架，另一个是从印度东部延伸到阿特拉斯山脉，其中包括喜马拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿尔卑斯地区。那里随时随地都可能发生地震。Thiselementoftheunknownhasforcenturiesaddedgreatlytothedreadandhorrorsurroundingearthquakes,butinrecenttimestherehavebeenindicationsthatearthquakepredictionmaybepossible.Byanalyzingchangesinanimalbehavior,pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrust,variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldandthefrequencywithwhichminorearthtremorsareobserved,scientistshaveshownincreasingsuccessinanticipatingwhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrikecl).Asaresult,worldwideearthquakewamingnetworkisalreadyinoperationandhashelpedtoprepareforthevastdestructionthatmightotherwisehavebeentotallyunexpected.几个世纪以来，这种对于地震的未知性更大大地增加了地震的可怕和恐惧性。但近几年来已有迹象表明地震预测是可能的。通过分析动物行为的变化，地壳运动的方式，地球磁场和地心引力的变化以及监测到的轻微地震的频率，科学家在预测地震发生的时间和地点上已取得了不断的成功。因此，世界性地震预警网络已经运转，而且已经帮助人们对大范围的破坏做好准备，而这些破坏也可能是完全不能预料的。Itisdoubtfulthatmanwilleverbeabletocontrolearthquakesandeliminatetheirdestructivenessaltogether,butashowandwhyearthquakeshappenbecomebetterunderstood,manwillbecomemoreandmoreabletodealwiththeirpotentialdevastationbeforeitoccurs.人类是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破坏力还未可知。但是，随着我们对地震发生的方式和原因有了更多的了解，在地震发生之前，我们就能更好地应对可能造成的破坏。阅读理解：1.Whatarethecausesofthegreatpartofthedamageandlossoflife?答案：Collapseofbuildingsandtheeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenafromearthquakes.2.Wherearethetwomostactiveearthquakebeltsintheworld?答案：TheareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses,EastIndianstotheAtlasMountains.3.Whatfactdoes"elementoftheunknown"inparagraph3referto?答案：Itreferstothefacttheearthquakescanhappenanywhereatanytime.4.Whatfourwaysareusedtoanticipateearthquakeactivity?答案：a)analyzingchangesinanimalbehaviorb)pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrustc)variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldd)observationofthefrequencyofminorearthtremors。5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthepossibilityofearthquakepredictions?答案：Earthquakepredictionisbecomingmoreandmorepossible.

第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏IntheaftermathoftheBPoilspill,PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists.environmentalists(l).andGulfCoastresidentswhenhedeclared."We'redealingwithamassiveandpotentiallyunprecedentedenvironmentaldisaster."Thesheersizeoftheoilspill-210,000gallonsadaycontaminatingtheGulfofMexico-hasmanypeopleworriedabouttheshortandlong-termenvironmentalharmitiscausing(2)英国石油公司原油泄漏事件之后，奥巴马总统的一次公开讲话表达出了无数科学家、环保主义者以及墨西哥湾居民的心声。他在讲话中提到，“我们正在应对的是一场巨大的、史无前例的环境灾难”。每天足足有21万加仑的原油泄漏并污染着墨西哥湾，这使得很多人为这次事件对环境所造成的短期和长期的危害感到担忧。Theoilspillcouldseverelydamagefragileecosystemsforyears,possiblydecades.Beachesfouledbyoilspillsareverydifficulttocleanup.Tomakemattersworse,thespillthreatensbeachesjustasshorebirdsarenestingandseaturtlesarecomingashoretolaytheireggs.这次原油泄漏事件对脆弱的生态系统带来的严重破坏会持续很多年，甚至数十年。被石油污染的海滩很难被清理干净。更糟糕的是，泄漏的石油对海滩造成污染的时间正是海鸟筑巢和海龟游到岸上孵蛋的季节。Evenworseistheeffecttheoilspillcouldhaveonsensitivesaltmarshesandmangrovecoastlines,whichwouldbepracticallyimpossibletocleanandthatsomefearmightbepermanentlydestroyed(3)Thesewetlandsareconsideredthenurseriesforthefishingandseafoodindustryandareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.Becausetheycovermuchmorelandareathanbeaches,theriskoftheirexposuretodamageisgreatlyincreased.还有更糟的事情，石油污染还可能影响敏感的湿地和红树林海岸，而这将是几乎不可能被清理干净的，有些人甚至担心这将是永久性的毁坏。这些湿地是捕鱼业和水产品工业的摇篮，也是多种野生动物的栖息地和繁殖地。由于这些湿地面积远远大于海滩的面积，所以它们面临破坏的风险就大大增加了。Fully98percentofthefishandshellfishharvestedintheGulfofMexicodependonestuaries,whicharecoastalwaterswherefreshwaterfromriversandstreamsmixwithseawater.Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.Manyspeciesdependonwetlandsforfood,shelterandbreeding.在墨西哥湾捕获的鱼类和贝类中足有98%依靠河口生存，这些河口就是江河与海水汇合的地方。而河口又依赖于湿地保证其水的质量并为水产品供应链提供基础。湿地是很多物种觅食、栖息和繁殖的场所。ThewatersoftheGulfofMexicoarehomestohundredsofspeciesofaquatic1ife.Thelongertheoilfoulsthewater,themorepollutedthefoodchainbecomes,whichcouldresultinlargefishkillsandseafoodtoocontaminatedforconsumption.墨西哥湾水域也是成百上千种水栖动物的家园。石油对海水造成污染的时间越长，水产品食物链被污染的程度就会越大，这最终会造成大量的鱼类死亡以及水产品被严重污染而无法食用。阅读理解1.Inthefirstsentence"PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists..."whatdoestheword"voice"mean?答案：Voiceheremeans“toexpressanideaof…”Howlongcouldthedamagetotheecosystemlast?答案：Thedamagetotheecosystemcouldlastdecades.3.Howimportantarethewetlandstothewildlife?答案：Thewetlandsareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.4.Whyareestuariesdependentonwetlands?答案：Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.5.HowwilltheoilspillaffecttheseafoodintheGulfofMexico?答案：Manyfishwilldieandtheseafoodwillbetoocontaminatedforconsumption.

第六篇GreenComputers“绿色’’电脑Computermanufacturers,chipmakersandsoftwarecompaniesaredeveloping"greener'productsforenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.Whilesometechcompaniesaredevelopingmoreenergy-efficientproductlines，othersarereleasingsoftwaretomakeexistingcomputersconsumeless.And-electronicsmanufacturersareexpandingwaystomake-newcomputersout-ofrecycledmaterials,aswellasencouragecustomerstorecycleoldmachines.Consumers'maypayaslightpremiumforsomeeco-friendlyelectronics,but.manypriceswillbecomparablewithtraditionalofferings.目前，电脑生产商、芯片制造者和软件公司都纷纷开发“绿色”产品来满足那些环保意识强烈的消费者的需求。一些科技公司开发了更节能的生产线，还有一些公司推出了减少现有电脑耗电量的软件。电子制造企业不断扩展工艺利用循环材料生产新电脑，并鼓励消费者循环利用旧电脑。某些环保类电子产品可能需要消费者多花些钱，但仍有很多环保电脑的价格跟传统电脑差不多。Severalfactorsarepushingcompaniestobegreener.Manywanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogamerfavorwithgreeninvestors.Andwithenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses.有几大因素推动着电脑公司更注重环保。许多企业希望走在环保法规的前面，赢得环保投资者的支持。同时，随着能源价格上涨，他们正尝试吸引那些设法节省费用的消费者。Thecomputerindustryhasbeenworkingonimprovingenergyconsumptionforyears.Thenewerfocushasbeenontoxinsandrecycling.Forexample,LenovoGroupLtd.uses10%t025%recycledplasticsharvestedfromwaterbottles.Lastmonth,IntelCorp.introducednewchipsthatitsayswillspeedupcomputingperformancewithoutsuckingupadditionalpower.Thecompanyalsodevelopedtechnology,calledRemoteWake,tokeepcomputersinalow-energymodeuntilusersneedthemforretrievingfilesovertheIntemet.Hewlett-PackardCo.hasdevelopedanewfeaturecalledAuto-On/Auto-Offthatputsinactiveprintersintoasleepmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponcetheyareusedagain(1).ThisfeaturehasbeenaddedtoHP'spersonaldesktoplaserprintersin2009.Attentiontomanufacturingmaterialsisapriority.HPintroducedanink-jetprinterthatismadeof83%recycledplastics.计算机工业多年来一直致力于减少能源消耗，新焦点已经放到了毒性和循环利用上来了。例如，联想集团使用的塑料中有10%至25%是用回收的水瓶制造的。上个月，英特尔集团将新款芯片投放市场，据称这些芯片不用耗费更多的能量就可以加快计算的速度。该公司还开发了一种叫做“远程唤醒”的技术，可以使计算机在使用者不需要通过网络检索文件的时候保持低耗能的模式。惠普开发了一个叫做自动开关的新功能，可以不在工作状态的打印机进入休眠模式，一旦再次使用，又会很快地恢复到工作模式。惠普2009年生产的个人桌面激光打印机就已经安装了这项功能。惠普公司还将注意力优先放在了制造材料上，他们生产的一款喷墨打印机就是由83%的回收塑料制造的。Expertssaythatkeepingyouroldcomputeroutofthelandfillisbetterfortheenvironmentthanbuyinganewone.专家表示，就对环境的影响而言，对旧电脑再利用，让其避免流入垃圾场填埋比买台新电脑更好。阅读理解1、Whyarecomputermanufacturersconsideringdevelopinggreenerproducts?答案：Becausetheywanttomeettherequirementsofenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.2.Comparedtotheoldcomputer,thepriceofthegreenermachineis____.答案：Alittle／slightly／alittlebitmoreexpensive.3.Fromthethreeexamples,Lenovo,IntelandHP,wecanknowthat____.答案：Companieswanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogetgoodimpressionfrom(gamerfavorwith)greeninvestors.Ontheotherhandtheyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhowanttosavetheirexpensesbecauseofhighenergyprice(或Withenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses).4.WhatisthefunctionofAuto-On/Auto-Off?答案：ItcanputinactiVeprintersintoasleepmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponceusedagain.5.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?答案：Don'tthrowyouroldcomputerawayastrashinordertokeeptheenvironmentclean.

第七篇CellPhones手机Whatwouldlifelooklikewithoutcellphones?Today'shottestsellingmobilephonesarenowloadedwithfeaturessuchasMP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.Cellphoneshavechangedsomuchinthepastfewyearsthatwitheverynewproductlaunchcomesanotherbigdilemmaforthecellularmanufacturerscl)Howdoyoucreatethenextbighit?Howdoesthemanufacturerseparatethehitsfromthegimmicks,whiletryingtodecipherwhatcellphoneusersreallywantorneedinthenearfuture?Industryinsiderssaythemostpopularphoneswillhaveadvancedfunctionsthataresimpletocustomizeforindividualtastes.没有手机的生活会变得怎么样呢？今天畅销的手机都有MP3播放器、电视、音乐、无线相片打印等功能。手机在过去几年里的变化非常大，随着每次新产品的问世，手机制造商们都会再次陷入苦恼之中。该怎么创造下一代人气商品呢？制造商该怎样做才能了解手机使用者们不久的将来真正想要的东西，并且区分畅销与滞销的产品呢？业内人士指出最受欢迎的手机是具有能够简单地迎合顾客个人喜好的尖端功能的手机。Manufacturersbelievethatthesuccessofthecellphoneliesinthebuildinganddevelopmentofhigh-speednetworkstodeliverserviceslikevideo,musicandhighspeedIntemet.Whilethesenetworksarenowinoperation,theindustryinsidersareconsideringradicalredesignstophones,displaysandservicestoensurethenewfeaturesaresimpletouse.Suchdevelopments,combinedwithsoftwarethatallowsuserstocustomizetheircellphonebrowserforservicessuchassportsscoresornews,couldreplacePDAsandothergadgets.CellularcompaniesarealsobettingconsumerswillsoonusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.Developersshouldnowconcentrateondesigningexcitingnewlooksforphones,sincefewthingshavemoredirectinfluenceoveraconsumer'sficklebuyingbehaviorthantheemotionalresponsethattheshape,colororlookofaphoneevokes（2)制造商相信手机的成功取决于高速网络的构建和开发以提供如影像或视频、音乐、高速互联网的服务。在这些网络运营的同时，业内人士正在考虑将电话、显示屏以及服务进行彻底的重新设计，使其新的功能使用简化。这些开发产品结合了一种让使用者可以在手机浏览器上定制体育比赛得分或新闻等服务的软件，可以代替PDA（掌上电脑）和其它装置。手机制造商确信，在不久的将来，消费者将用手机完成一切事务，从看电视到学习和学校考试。开发商们现在应当集中精力设计外形更吸引人的新手机，因为除了手机的外形、颜色或款式所引起的情绪反应外，还几乎没有别的东西对消费者多变的购买行为起到更直接的影响。阅读理解Whatarethefeaturesoftoday'smobilephones?答案：Theyareloadedwith(featuressuchas)MP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.Whatwillmanufacturesfaceiftheyproduceanewproduct?答案：Theywillfaceabigdilemma.Whatshouldthemostpopularphoneshave?答案：Themostpopularphonesshouldhaveadvancedfunctionstocustomizeforindividualtastes．Whatwillpeopledowithcellphonesinthefuture?答案：PeoplewillusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.5.Whydoesthewritermention"theemotionalresponse"inthelastsentence?答案：Becausehethinksthatitaffectscustomers'buyingbehavior.

第八篇TouchTech触屏技术Formobiletouchtechnology,it'sonlythebeginning.AppleInc.'sphonerevolutionizedthemobilephonewitheasy-to-usetouch-screentechnologythatallowsuserstosurftheWeb,tapoutmessagesorcontrolanynumberofinventiveapplications.就移动触摸技术而言，现在只是刚刚开始。苹果公司的电话产品使移动电话行业产生了突破性变革，其便利的触摸屏技术可以便于用户浏览网络、发送短信或者掌控许多新颖应用软件。Developersareworkingonnewapplicationsfor"multi_touch-screens.Thesescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger,whichbroadensthepossibilitiesforapplicationc”.Otherdevelopersareworkingonadvancesin"haptic"feedback-vibrationsandotherphysicalsensationsthatarenowused,forinstance,toletagamerknowshe'sreachedanewlevel,butthatcanalsobeusedtocommunicateemotionsandmaysoongiveatouch-screenkeyboardthefeelofaphysicalkeyboard(2)Andforthosewhostillprefertoworkwithkeysontheirphones,evensometraditionalkeyboardswillperformcertainfunctionsinresponsetotouchcommands.开发人员正致力于新“多触点”屏幕的应用研究。这些屏幕可以处理用户用多手指同时给出的指令，这也增加了这项技术被应用的可能性。其他开发人员正在研究“触觉”反馈的升级技术——即现在所应用的震动和其它物理感知技术，它们不但可用来提醒游戏玩家已经过关，也可以用来进行情感交流，并且有可能很快就能使触摸屏具有真实键盘的触觉。对于那些更喜欢使用手机键盘的人来说，即便传统的键盘也将能发挥与触摸指令相对应的功能。Softwaredeveloperssettoworkonmulti-touchapplications.Some,forinstance,allowuserstoplayvirtualmusicalinstrumentsonthephone.Butmulti-touchdevelopershavelargelyfocusedongames.软件开发人员开始研发多触点应用软件。例如，有些软件可以使用户在电话上弹奏虚拟乐器。但是多触点开发人员主要以开发游戏为主。Haptictechnologyalreadyhasmanynon-mobileapplications.Invideogames,forinstance,itcangivegamersthesensationofactuallysteeringacarthey'recontrollingonthescreen.Inmedicaltraining,itcanmakeprocedureslikeendoscopyperformedonasimulatorfeelreal,sothatmedicalpersonnelcandevelopabettersenseofhowtoperformthem.Theuseofhapticsinmobilephonesisstillinitsinfancy,butthewiderdeploymentofhapticenabledphoneswillopenthedoortonewapplications.触觉技术已经在非移动领域得到了广泛应用。例如，在视频游戏中，它可以让游戏玩家感到自己好像真的在驾驶他们所控制的荧屏赛车。在医疗培训中，它可以让在模拟器上操作的内窥镜检测法等程序感觉异常真实，从而使医疗人员能更自如地操作这些仪器。触觉技术在手机方面的使用仍然处于初创阶段，但是触觉技术手机的广泛运用将为这项技术得以更多、更新的应用开辟新的途径。Fornow,atleastmanymobileusersprefertheaccuracyofaphysicalkeyboardratherthanatouchscreen.Anewtechnologyisbeingdesignedtoallowthebestofbothworlds:akeyboardthatcanalsorespondtotouchcommands.目前看来，至少还有许多手机用户仍然偏爱物理键盘的准确性，他们对触摸屏并不十分感兴趣。开发人员正在设计一项可以兼顾这两种需求的新技术：即可以同时回应触摸指令的物理键盘。阅读理解WhydowesayApple'siPhoneisarevolution?答案：BecauseAppleisthefirsttodevelopanewtechnologycalledeasy-to-touch-screen.Whatistheadvantageofmulti-touchscreen?答案：Thescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger.Whatisthehapticfeedbacktechnology?答案：Itisvibrationsandphysicalsensations.Whatdogamersfeeliftheyusehaptictechnologyin'v.ideogames?答案：Thegamersfeelthattheyhavetheactualsensationwhentheyplaygames.Whydomanypeoplelikeaphysicalkeyboardnowadays?NewwordsandExpressions答案：Becausetheyliketheaccuracyofaphysicalkeyboard.

第九篇FossilFuelsandOurLife化石燃料与我们的生活Oilandnaturalgasareanimportantpartofoureverydaylife.Notonlydotheygiveusmobilitytheyheatandcoolourhomesandprovideelectricityc.Millionsofproductsaremadefromoilandgas，includingplastics,life-savingmedications,clothing，cosmetics,andmanyotheritemsyoumayusedaily.石油与天然气是我们日常生活的重要组成部分。它们不仅使我们出行方便，它们还可以使我们的住所冬暖夏凉并且为我们提供电力。我们日常生活中的许多物品都是由石油和天然气制成的，如塑料、治病救人的药品、服装、化妆品等等。IntheUnitedStates,97%oftheenergythatdrivesthetransportationsector(cars,buses,subways,railroads,airplanes,etc.)comesfromfuelsmadefromoil.Automanufacturersaredevelopingcarstorunonaltematefuelssuchaselectricity,hydrogenandethanol.However,theelectricbatteriesneedtobechargedandthefueltogeneratetheelectricitycouldbe