突破阅读（中考英语）

阅读理解

“Ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish."

能力要求:考察考生获取、分析、处理信息或数据的能力。

本质属性f决定一篇词数为260-300的文章必然有一部分是有效信息，而另一部分则为

无效信息或干扰信息

「看多了

「定位（精睡定便）找准了出错原因：“两多”Y

I想多了

思路Y

、替换

注：1.精确定位方法：利用值时可（人名、地名、机构、时间及数字等）和复现筝杓（原

词、近义词、上义词、反义词）进行定位，信号词集中（22）之

处即为稹南房位之处；

2.精确定位之处可能不止一处；

3.若根据题干无法定位，则根据选项精确定位，逐项排除。

细节题识别：1、不完整陈述句；

•・・•・・•/・•・・

2、特殊疑问句。（6wlh）

what、who、which>when>where、why^how

题型分类Y

<主旨题识别：1、...thebesttitle/mainidea/topic/subjectof...

2、...ismainlyabout/mainlytells…

3、...learnfrom...

注：1.注意文章内容与出题顺序的一致性；

2.注意区分文章主旨和段落主旨（段落主旨以文章主旨为核心）；

3.注意区分论点和论据（论据用来说明和论证作者观点）。

正确选项特征：1、同义替换（正话反说、反话正说）

数学语言：A>B<->B<A

Example:

1、.....Tomisapoliceman,it'snotaneasyjob........

Tom，sjobis.

A.easyB.uneasy

C.difficultD.excited

2、（2015广东,B）

TheChinesegovernmentwantsthecountrytodevelop,butinawaythatdoesn'tdoharmtothe

environmentandpeople'slife.Thisyear,Chinapassedanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw,the

strictestonewehaveeverhad.ComputercompanieslikeLenovoandDellwillbeaskedtotake

backtheiroldcomputers.Thisisbecausethecompaniesthatmakecomputersknowbesthowto

dealwiththemsafely.Hopefully,theproblemwithe-wastewillbesolvedinthenearfuture.

4.Thisyear,theChinesegovernment.

A.triedtochangepeople*slife

B.closedsomecomputercompanies

C.madeanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw

D.askedpeopletohandintheiroldcomputers

（2015广东广州,A）

Thoughhard-working,themendon'tmakemuchmoney.ButasWenqiputsitJIf

westandonourownfeet,sothefruitsofourworktastesweeter.^NeitherHaixianorWenqicares

aboutmoney.Together,theyalreadyhaveeverythingtheyneed-aperfectpairofeyes,two

stronghands,andthebestfriendshipintheworld!

4.1nParagraph5,whenWenqisays“Westandonourownfeet,sothefruitsofourworktaste

sweeter”,hemeansthat”

A.theyhopetomaketheforestevenbetter

B.thefruitsfromtheirtreesareverysweet

C.theyareproudnottodependonothers

D.theyareabletodoanydifficultwork

「正：may/might/possible/belikelyto/can/could/Not

every(one,body,thing)/Notall........(V)

2、委婉性Y

<反：All/Every(one,body,thing)/must/only

/never........(X)

Example:

(2014广州,B)

InearlyNovemberof1503,duringChristopherColumbus,fourthandfinaltriptoAmerica,

hisshipwasseriouslydamagedinastorm.Columbusandhismenhadtoliveonasmallislandfor

severalmonthswhiletheytriedtorepairtheirshipandreturntoSpain.

Atfirst,thelocalpeopleontheislandwereverykindtotheEuropeanvisitors,givingthem

allthefoodandclothestheyneededtosurvive.However,asthemonthspassed,thelocalpeople

becamemoreandmoreunhappywiththeirguests,whoweretrickingandstealingfromthem.

Finallythelocalsdecidedtostophelping.Withoutfoodoranywaytoleavetheisland.Columbus's

groupwassooninserioustrouble.

LuckilyforColumbus,hehadabookaboutthestarsandplanetsonhisship.ltdescribedthe

movementsofalltheobjectsinthenightsky.Thebook,writtenbyawell-knownGermanscientist

,saidtherewouldbeatotallunareclipse(月食)ontheeveningofFebruary29,1504andhowlong

itwouldlast.

ColumbusworkedoutthedifferenceintimebetweenGermanyandNorthAmerica.Hethen

hadameetingwiththelocalleadersjustbeforetheeclipsewouldtakeplace.Inthismeeting,

Columbustoldthemhisgodwasangrybecausethelocalpeoplewerenolongergivingfood.So

hisgodwouldtakeawaythemoontopunishthem.AtthemomentColumbusfinishedtalkingjust

ashehadplanned,themoonbegandisappearing.

ThelocalleadersgrewfrightenedandquicklyagreedtoprovideColumbuswithfoodand

anythingelsehewanted.Butfirst.Columbus'godhadtoreturnthemoon.Columbustoldthemhe

wouldhavetodiscusstheideawithhisgodonhisship.Knowingthemoonwouldstaycompletely

hiddenforabout48minutes,Columbusreturnedjustbeforethemoonbegantoreappear.Fromthat

dayon,untiltheyfinallyleft,Columbusandhismennolongerhadanytroublegettingthefood

theyneeded.

5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheEuropeansfromthepassage?

A.Theyallbelievedingod.

B.TheyneverreturnedtoSpain.

C.Theyadmiredthelocalpeople.

D.Theycausedtheirownproblems

3、概括性错误选项特征：1.范围过大

2.具体细节，以偏概全

3.无中生有

（2014广东,B）

Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfact

theumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade（蔽）against

thesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.

ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.Weknowthatthe

umbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangething

connectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower（权力）.IntheFarEastinancient

times,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchas

thekingsorqueens.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.Theumbrellawasin

commonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrella

asprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEurope,theuse

oftheumbrellaalmostdisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.

Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.

Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecome

muchlighterinweight.Itwasn,tuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegan

tobemadeinallkindsofcolors.

1.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas.

A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesunC.asymbolofpowerD.protection

againsttherain

2.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient.

A.EgyptB.BabylonC.RomeD.China

3.TheunderlinedwordroyalmightmeaninChinese.

A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中产的D.平民的

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylife.

B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.

C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.

D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasn'tchangedalotsinceitwasinvented.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.thesalesoftheumbrella

B.thedifferencesamongumbrellas

C.theinventionoftheumbrella

D.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella

（2015广东,B）

Itisreportedthatsomedevelopedcountrieshaveshippedbrokenpartsofcomputersto

China.Suchathingcanbefoundalmosteverydayalthoughitisagainstinternationallaws.Last

monthHongKongofficersfound131,000kilogramsofbrokencomputers,TVsandphonessent

fromJapan.

Thingslikethesearecalledelectronicwaste,ore-waste.Dealingwiththemisnotaneasyjob

becausedangerouspoisonslikemercury（汞）andlead（铅）canbefoundinthem.Everytimeanold

computerbreaksdown,itneedstobedealtwithsafely.Butatpresent,brokencomputerpartsare

usuallyburied.ltmaybehundredsofyearsbeforetheyarereallygoneintheearth.

ManyplacesinChinaarepollutedbye-waste.GuiyuinGuangdongProvinceisoneof

them.Thistownisnamedas,thee-wastecapitaloftheworld”.Ithastodealwith1.5million

kilogramsofe-wasteeachyear,fromwhichitmakes75millionyuan.Butitcomesatacost.Many

ofthepoisonsine-wastefindtheirwayintotheenvironment.Plasticisburnedoutdoorsand

chemicalwaterispouredintorivers.Greenpeace,anenvironmentalgroup,hasfoundtheair,the

earthandtheriversinGuiyubadlypolluted.

TheChinesegovernmentwantsthecountrytodevelop,butinawaythatdoesn'tdoharmto

theenvironmentandpeopleyslife.Thisyear,Chinapassedanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw,the

strictestonewehaveever