Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World 语言点(知识梳理)

第页Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld语言点学习目标重点单词attack,sharp,claim,calm,exist,adapt,cover,indicate,fortune重点短语dieout,closeto,comestraighttothepoint,dueto重点句型Therebe句型及其变式结构should与疑问词连用知识讲解重点单词attack【原句回放】Itoftengetsangryandwillattackanyonewhogoesclosetoit.它常变得很生气并攻击靠近它的人。【点拨】attackvt.攻击；进攻；侵袭；n.攻击；进攻；(疾病等)发作；着手attacksb.forsth.由于某事而责难某人attacksb.withsth.用……攻击某人attackon/against...向……攻击beattackedwithadisease患病launch/makeanattackon/upon...对……发动进攻underattack受到攻击aheartattack心脏病发作Weattackedtheenemyatdawn.在黎明时我们进攻敌人。Thesoldiersmadeastrongattackontheenemy.战士们向敌人发起猛烈进攻。Thecitycameunderattackduringthenight.城市在夜晚遭到攻击。AsfarasIknow,hediedbecauseofaheartattack.据我所知，他死于心脏病发作。【拓展】attackern.攻击者sharp【原句回放】thesharpnailsthatsomeanimalsandbirdshaveontheirfeet一些动物和鸟的脚上有尖锐的趾甲【点拨】sharpadj.锋利的；尖的；陡的，急转的；轮廓鲜明的；明显的；（感觉、味道）强烈的，辛辣的；刺耳的，刺骨的;adv.猛烈地；尖锐地；尖利地；准时地Idisliketheman;hehassuchasharptongue.我不喜欢这个人，他爱说刻薄挖苦的话。Theystartedanattackagainsteachotherwithsharpwords.他们开始用激烈的言语相互抨击。Hebutcheredthepigwithasmallsharpknife.他用一把锋利的小刀杀猪。Thesnow-cappedmountainsstoodoutinsharpreliefagainstthebluesky.白雪皑皑的山峦与蓝天形成了鲜明对比。Sheplannedtounlockthestoreat8.00sharpthismorning.她打算今天早上8点整准时开门营业。claim【原句回放】Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,XueJunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.【点拨】claimv.声称；主张；要求；索赔；n.断言；权利；要求权；所有权claimtodosth./that...声称/主张做……Itisclaimedthat...有人主张……claimsth.fromsb.forsth.因为……向某人索要……赔偿金layclaimto宣称……应归其所有；认领……makeaclaimforsth.要求Itisclaimedthatsometeachersinourschoolareworking90hoursaweek.据说我们学校有些老师每周工作90小时。HeclaimedtohaveseentheMonaLisa.＝HeclaimedthathehadseentheMonaLisa.他宣称他看过《蒙娜丽莎》那幅画。Heclaimedthathehaddonetheworkwithouthelp.他声称未得到帮助就完成了此项工作。Theymadeaclaimforhigherpay.他们要求提高薪水。calm【原句回放】MrLiXiaohesaidthathisfamilywereabletoseethemonsterclearlybecausetheweatherwasfineandthelakewascalm.李小和先生说他和家人看清楚了怪物，因为当时天气好，湖水平静。【点拨】calmvt.(使)平静，镇定；adj.平静的，沉着的calmoneself平静下来calmdown(使)安静下来keepcalm保持冷静Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimself.他深吸一口气使自己平静下来。Wetriedtocalmhimdown,buthekeptshoutingandcrying.我们试图使他安静下来，但是他仍然不停地叫喊着。Calmdown.Thereisnothingtoworryabout!安静下来吧，没有什么可担忧的。You’dbetterkeepcalminfaceofdanger.面对危险你最好保持冷静。【拓展】辨析：calm，quiet，still与silentcalm：平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。Thatwasacalmday.那是个无风的(平静的)日子。quiet：安静的，宁静的；指没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼焦虑。Askthechildrentokeepquiet.让孩子们安静。still：不动的，静止的，指没有运动或动作的状态。TheofficeraskedtheSwedetokeepstill.军官叫那个瑞典人别动。silent：寂静的，沉默的，不发音的，指没有声音或不讲话。Shekeptsilentaboutthematter.她对此事保持沉默。exist【原句回放】somethingthatcontinuestoexistafterdeath在死后仍存在的某物【点拨】existvi.存在；实有；生存existin在于……existon＝liveon靠……生存Onecannotexistwithoutair.人没有空气就不能生存。IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting;thereisnomoneyforluxuries.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口，根本无钱享受。【拓展】existencen.存在；实有；生活；生活方式comeintoexistence出现；产生bringsth.intoexistence使某物出现、产生inexistence存在Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence.关于宇宙最初是如何产生的，科学家们有许多种理论。adapt【原句回放】Ifyouadapttosomething,youcanchangeinordertomakethesituationbetter.如果你能适应某事，你就能为了环境的更加美好而改变自己。【拓展】adaptv.(使)适应；改编adaptoneselfto使自己适应……adaptto适应adapt...for...根据……改写，改编beadaptedfor...为……改编/写；被改编成beadaptedfrom...根据……改编Childrenadaptquicklytonewsurroundings.儿童能很快适应新环境。Itishardtoadaptthisstoryforthefilm.要将这小说改编成电影很困难。Thefilmisadaptedfromanovel.这部电影由一部小说改编而成。cover【原句回放】Itis2,189metreshighandcoversanareaofabouttensquarekilometers.天池海拔2,189米，面积大约有10平方公里。【点拨】covervt.有(多大面积)，占地……；采访；覆盖；走完(一段路程)；看完(若干页书)Ourcollegecoversanareaof1,000mu.我们的大学占地1,000亩。Manyjournalistsweresenttocoverthemedicalconference.许多记者被派去采访医学大会。Themountainwascoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.山上终年积雪。TheRedArmycovered25,000liontheLongMarch.红军长征时走了二万五千里。Howmanypageshaveyoucovered？你读了多少页？indicate【原句回放】However,acrosstheborderinWales,thereddragonwhichappearsontheWelshflagisapositivesymbol,indicatingstrengthandasenseofnationalidentity.然而，一界之隔的威尔士国旗上的红龙是一个正面形象，表示力量和国家认同感。【点拨】indicatev.暗示；指示；表示；表明indicatesth.象征……；表明……；标志……indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出……；向某人表示……indicate＋从句示意；表明indicatorn.指示物；指示者；指示器Theblackcloudsindicatethatitwillrain.乌云预示很快要下雨了。Heindicatedthathewantedtochangehisjob.他表示他想换工作。Duringourmeetingheindicatedhiswillingnesstocooperate.在我们会晤期间，他暗示出了合作的意愿。Thearrowonasignindicatesthewaytogo.标志上的箭头指示的是应走的路。【拓展】indicationn.表明；象征；暗示Thereisnoindicationthathewillrecoverfromtheillness.他的病没有康复的迹象。fortune【原句回放】SotheChinesedragonwasabringerofgoodfortune.因此，中国龙是好运的使者。【点拨】fortunen.运气；命运；(averylargeamountofmoney) 大笔的钱，巨款注意：当表示“财富”时，fortune是可数名词，常用其单数形式，如：alargefortune一大笔钱；而wealth是不可数名词，possessions表示“所有物”要用复数形式。tellone’sfortune给某人算命tryone’sfortune碰运气makeafortune发财HewenttoAustraliaandsoonmadeafortune.他到澳大利亚后，不久就发财了【拓展】fortunateadj.幸运的fortunatelyadv.幸运地Fortunately,hefoundthemoneythathehadlost.幸运的是，他找到了他丢失的钱。重点短语dieout【原句回放】【点拨】dieout(指宗族、物种)灭绝；灭亡；(习俗等)渐渐消失；(火)逐渐熄灭Thiskindofbirdisdyingout.这种鸟正濒临灭绝。Ifwegoonkillingtoomanyoftheserareanimals，theywilldieout.如果我们继续捕杀这些稀有动物，他们就可能灭绝。Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.许多旧习俗正在日渐消失。Thefireisdyingout.You’dbetteraddsomefirewood.火快灭了，你最好添点柴火。【拓展】辨析diedown，dieout与dieawaydiedown指(风、雨等)逐渐平息；(车辆等)慢慢停下来；(植物等)渐渐凋零；(火等)熄灭。主要强调由强变弱这一逐渐变化的过程。Thewindhasdieddownobviously.风已明显减弱了。Theflamesdiedown.火焰熄灭了。dieaway指(风、声音等)渐渐消失。Hisfootstepsdiedawayinthedarkness.他的脚步声在黑暗中渐渐消失了。Thenoiseofthemotorcardiedaway.汽车的噪声消失了。dieout意为“死光；灭绝；不流行；消失”。Thiskindofbirdhasdiedoutinthisarea.这种鸟已经在这一地区灭绝了。closeto【原句回放】Itoftengetsangryandwillattackanyonewhogoesclosetoit.它经常生气并袭击靠近它的任何人。【点拨】closeto几乎；接近；接近于，to是介词，后面加名词或动名词。be/getcloseto接近；靠近beclosetodeath/tears/despair差一点死去/差一点哭出来/几乎绝望beclosetodoingsth.几乎/差一点做某事Severaltimeshetriedtogetclosetotheboyinthewater,buthefailedbecauseofwaves.好几次他努力去靠近水里的男孩，可因为风浪太大都失败了。Hewasclosetobeingkilledintheaccident.他差点死于这场事故。comestraighttothepoint【原句回放】I’llcomestraighttothepoint.我开门见山地讲。【点拨】comestraighttothepoint谈正题；开门见山Let’scomestraighttothepointaswehavemuchtodo.由于有很多事要做，我们就开门见山的说吧。Iwishhecouldcomestraighttothepoint.多希望他能切入正题！【拓展】offthepoint离题onthepointof(doing)sth.正要做某事tothepoint简明恰当，简洁中肯There’snopointindoingsth.做某事没有意义。whenitcomestothepoint到了关键时刻Theletterwasshortandtothepoint.这封信简短而切中主题。Yourcriticismisoffthepoint.你的批评离题。Iwasonthepointofleavingwhenyoutelephoned.你来电话时我正要离开。Thereisnopointinpersuadinghim.Hewillnotchangehismind.劝说他没意义，他不会改变主意。dueto【原句回放】Someexpertsbelieveitisduetotheanimalsthemythsgrewoutof.有些专家相信这是由神话中的动物本身性质引起的。【点拨】dueto因为，由于beduetodosth.预定要做某事Hearrivedlateduetothestorm.由于暴风雨他来晚了。Thepolicemansaidtheaccidentlastnightwasduetocarelessdriving.警察说昨晚的事故是由于粗心驾驶造成的。HisbookisduetobepublishedinOctober.他的书预计在10月出版。【拓展】表示原因的相关短语还有：becauseof由于，因为owingto由于，因为asaresultof由于……的结果thanksto由于；幸亏；多亏onaccountof由于；为了……的缘故重点句型Therebe句型及其变式结构【原句回放】TherehavebeenreportsofmonstersinLakeTianchisincethebeginningofthelastcentury，althoughnoonehasseenonecloseup.尽管没人在近前看过，但是自从上个世纪初就有关于天池怪物的报道了。【点拨】therebe句型结构是五种基本句型之一，表示“在某处存在某人或物”，注意不要和have混用、Therebe句型的其他变式结构：There