03必修二Unit5过去分词作表语和状语（语法）（原卷版）

03必修二Unit5语法精讲精练过去分词作表语和状语一、过去分词作表语

1.过去分词作表语时的意义

位于系动词(如be,

get,

bee,

look,

feel,

seem

等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。She

looked

disappointed.她看上去很失望。We

were

encouraged

at

the

news.

听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The

cup

is

broken.杯子破了。(过去分词作表语)The

cup

was

broken

by

Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)

3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别形式意义过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”They

became

so

worried

that

they

stayed

awake

all

night.

他们变得如此担心，以致一整晚都没有睡觉。

The

situation

became

so

worrying

that

something

should

be

done

at

once.

形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。二、过去分词作状语

过去分词在句中作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词所表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。

1.作时间状语

相当于一个由when,while或after等引导的时间状语从句。

When

it

is

seen

from

the

top

of

the

hill,

the

park

looks

more

fascinating.

=Seen

from

the

top

of

the

hill,the

park

looks

more

fascinating.

从山顶往下看，这座公园看起来更迷人。

2.作原因状语

相当于一个由

as,since或because

等引导的原因状语从句。

Because

the

teacher

was

satisfied

with

what

he

did,the

teacher

praised

him

in

class.

=Satisfied

with

what

he

did,the

teacher

praised

him

in

class.

由于对他所做的事情很满意，老师在班上表扬了他。

3.作条件状语

相当于一个由

if,once

或

unless

等引导的条件状语从句。

If

we

are

united

we

stand;

if

we

are

divided

we

fall.

=United,

we

stand;

divided,

we

fall.

团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。

4.

作让步状语

相当于一个由

though,although

或

even

if,even

though

等引导的让步状语从句，这类分词或分词短语一般放在句子前面。

Although

he

has

been

explained

a

hundred

times,

he

still

can’t

understand

it.

=Explained

a

hundred

times,

he

still

can’t

understand

it.

即使解释一百遍，他还是不明白。

5.作方式或伴随状语

若有连词

as

if，就转换为

as

if

引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。

She

was

in

tears

as

if

she

was

deeply

moved

by

the

moving

film.

=

She

was

in

tears

as

if

deeply

moved

by

the

moving

film.

她眼泪汪汪，好像被这部感人的电影深深打动了。

She

sat

by

the

window,

and

she

was

lost

in

thought.

=She

sat

by

the

window,

lost

in

thought.

她坐在窗户边，陷入了沉思。

【名师点津】过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别形式意义过去分词表示的动作与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动现在分词表示的动作与主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动Seen

in

the

distance,

the

village

looks

more

beautiful.

从远处看，这个村庄看上去更漂亮。(see和the

village之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）

Seeing

from

the

hill,

we

can

see

a

beautiful

village.

从山上看，我们可以看到一个漂亮的村庄。(see和

we之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）三、过去分词作状语的注意事项

1.过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when,

though,

although,

as

if,

as

though,

if,

unless,until,

once等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。

When

(he

was)

asked

about

it,

he

could

hardly

hold

back

his

feelings.

当被问及此事，他难以控制自己的感情。Unless

(I

am)

invited,

I

won’t

attend

the

party.

除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。

从山间是逻辑上的主谓关系2.过去分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。

The

film

star

got

off

the

train

and

she

was

surrounded

by

her

fans.

=

The

film

star

got

off

the

train,

surrounded

by

her

fans.

那位电影明星走下火车，被她的粉丝团团围住。

After

the

plan

was

discussed

many

times,

the

plan

was

carried

out

at

last.

=Discussed

many

times,

the

plan

was

carried

out

at

last.

在讨论了许多次之后，这个计划最终被执行了。3.有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有:satisfied,

surprised,

excited,

delighted,interested,moved,

worried,

pleased,disappointed

等。Surprised

at

what

had

happened,

Tom

didn’t

know

what

to

do.

汤姆对所发生的事情感到非常惊讶，不知如何是好。★温馨提示分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用ing，被动用ed。

having(been)

done

表先后，千万要牢记。

四、单句语法填空：When

I

entered

his

room,

he

was_________

(bury)

in

his

schoolbooks.

2.

The

old

man

lay

on

the

beach

at

ease_________

(expose)

to

the

sun.

3.

He

was_________

(discourage)

when

he

heard

his

mother’s

words.

4._________

(admit)

into

a

key

university,

the

girl

was

very

excited

and

burst

into

tears.

5.

The

child

was

clearly_________

(puzzle)

at

being

addressed(称呼)

in

such

a

grownup

way.

6.

Not_________

(know)

what

to

do,

the

children

had

to

wait

for

their

parents

to

e

back.

7._________

(discuss)

for

many

timesattheconference,

the

problems

were

settled

at

last.8.

The

case

shocked

the

public,_________

(cause)

a

hot

debate

over

human

nature

on

the

Internet.

9.

Steve

arrived

and

sat

in

the

front

row,_________

(surround)

by

his

familyandfriends.

10.

First_________

(celebrate)

in

1970,

the

Day

now

includes

events

in

more

than

190

countriesand

regions.

11._________

(frighten)

by

the

strangenoise

in

the

night,

the

girl

didn’t

dare

to

sleep

in

her

room.

12._________

(found)

in

1613,

Harvard

is

one

of

the

most

famous

universities

in

the

United

States.

13._________

(give)

better

attention,

the

accident

ontheroadcould

have

been

avoided.

14._________

(pare)

with

you,

we

still

have

along

way

to

go.

15.The

seventyyearold

man

went

into

the

room,

_________

(support)

by

his

wife.

16.

The

professor

came

inthelecturehall,_________

(follow)

by

group

of

young

students.17._________

(choke)

by

the

heavy

smokeinthefire,

he

could

hardly

breathe.

18._________

(catch)

in

heavy

rainasthestormcamesosuddenly,

he

was

all

wet.19._________

(leave)

itself

in

the

roombyhisbusymother,

the

baby

began

to

cry.

20._________

(ask)

why

he

did

it,

the

monitor

said

thatit

was

his

duty.

21._________

(see)

in

this

aspect,

the

matter

isn’t

as

serious

as

people

generally

suppose.

22._________

(grow)

in

rich

soil,

these

seeds

can

grow

fasterthaneverbefore.

23._________

(surround)

by

his

students,

the

professor

sat

there

cheerfully,drinkinghistea.

24.Listeningtomytruestory,he

stood

there

silently,_________

(move)

to

tears.25._________

(beat)

by

the

police

and

sent

to

jail,

Gandi

created

the

principle

of

nonviolent

resistance

first.

26._________

(defeat)

againinthesecondturn,

he

didn’t

lose

heartandstudiedevenharder.27._________

(give)

more

encouragementbyhisteacher,

the

boy

could

have

behaved

better.

28._________

(face)

with

difficultiesontheway,

we

must

try

to

overe

them.

29._________

(absorb)

in

deep

thought,

he

didn’t

hear

the

soundoutsidetheoffice.

30._________

(write)

in

abithurry,

this

article

was

not

so

goodastheonehewrotethreeyearsago.31.(influence)bytheirbeliefsandqualities,wearetryingtomakeadifference.32.Highly(interest)inmusic,Henrybegantowriteoriginalpositionswhenhewasinhighschool.33.(fill)withteamspirit,theyactasawhole,alwaysaimingforglory.34.Well(know)asasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingqualities.35.Clearlyandthoughtfully(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.36.Ifnot(forgive)byhisclassmates,hewillfeelsorryforever.37.(surround)byalotofgreentreesandflowers,thevillagehasbeautifulsurroundings.38.As(mention)aboveinthepassage,thefunctionofthedeviceiswonderful.39.(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.40.(lead)bytheParty,wehavewononevictoryafteranotherinthepastfortyyears.41.Hewon’tetoattendtheimportantmeetingunless(invite).42.Thereweren’tasmanyvisitorsas(expect)atthebeginningoftheactivity.43.Ourteachercameintheclassroom,(follow)byanewstudentwithaheavyschoolbag.44.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwere(bury)underpilesoflawbooks.45.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditions....46.Wewere(impress)bythesmallclasssizewithnomorethan15studentsineachclassroom.47.Theystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgetting(fine).48.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimetoget________(change)beforetheparty.49.Thisgovernmentis(mit)toextendingparentalchoiceinfundamentaleducation.50.Thisactivityis(aim)atimprovingthestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking.五、高考真题回顾：1.(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee__________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefits......2.(2020年1月浙江高考)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge_______(pare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbees_______(older)thanbefore.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).六、语篇语法填空：(1)007intheKitchenAsamanwhocheerfullysingintheshowerwithoutanyembarrassment,Iwon’tfeelshamefultoadmitthatIalsoloveplayingloudmusicwhencookinginthekitchen.But1mightmakethingsatinylittlebitawkwardisthetypeofmusicIplay,andconsequentlythefeelingsIderive(获得)fromit.Oneofmyalltime2(favourite)istheJamesBondTheme.Immersed(沉浸)inthetensionitcreateswhilechoppingveggiesintosmallpieces,Ialwaysfinditimpossiblenot3(picture)myselfasawelltrainedspecialagentwithlicensetokill.Andallofasuddenmovingtothemusicwithoutmissing4beatseemstohavealottodowithnationalsecurity.Asthemusicplays,thekillerinstinctinmybloodisunleashed(被释放),whichmakes5(fry)apieceofbloodysteakaseasyastakingcandyfromadiabetic(糖尿病的)manwhonolongerwishestoeatcandy.AllIneedtodoistoact6(prompt)withoutmercy.However,therewillbeothertimeswhenthesuccessofthewholemission7(count)onwhetherIcanremovethebonesfromthefish.Believeitornot,theplexityofthisprocessisnolessgreaterthanthatofdefusing(拆除)atimebomb.Sointhisscenario,8givingintothemusiceasily,Imustconstantlyandconsciouslycontrolmyselfsoasnottobecarriedaway.Afterall,afishbone9(catch)inthethroatisasunfortableasitcanbe.Ofcourse,intheend,10impossiblethemissionseems,liketheplotofeveryHollywoodspymovie,thecookcanalwayssavetheday.(2)IthoughtIknewalotaboutHamlet.PekingOperaversionofHamlet.1(see)quiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullof2(confident)untilthePekingOperacametotown.TofindoutwhetherPekingOperaiseasierthanaShakespeareplay3(understand),IwenttoseeTheRevengeofPrinceZidanthePekingOperaversionofHamlet.Startingwithanorchestra4(play)traditionalChineseinstruments,theoperabroughtapletelynewsoundtomyears.Atfirst,Ithought5Iheardwasaviolin,butlaterIlearntthatitwasaninstrument6(call)jinghu.Then,seeingthemaincharacterse7stage,Iwassurprised!Thecostumesandmaskswereamazing.TheperformerslanginChinese,butthemusic,exaggeratedmovementsandmimehelpedgetthemeanings8totheaudience.Ifyouwanttoseeashow9binesmusic,singing,drama,poetryandcostumedesignwith10(explode)effect,TheRevengeofPrinceZidanticksalltherightboxes.(3)Chinahassplendidculturewithalonghistory.Chineseoperaisoneofthe1(old)dramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheTangDynasty(618AD907AD),theemperorsetup2operaschoolwiththepoeticname“Liyuan”.SincetheYuanDynasty,encouraged3officialsandemperors,it4(bee)atraditionalartform.DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecamefashionableamongordinarypeopleandperformances5(give)intearooms,restaurantsandevenontemporarystages.Itdevelopedfromfolksongs,dances,talking,antimasques(滑稽戏)andlocalmusic.Graduallyitbinedmusic,art6literatureintooneperformanceonstage.7(acpany)ontraditionalmusicalinstruments,actorspresenteduniquemelodies(旋律)thatmaysoundstrangetoforeignersaswellasbeautifullywrittendialogues,8wereofhighliteraryvalue.Thesedialoguesalsopromotedthe9(develop)ofdistinctliterarystyles,suchaszajuintheYuanDynasty.ForChinese,10(especial)theelderly,listeningtothiskindofoperasometimesisarealpleasure.(4)AgroupofyoungChinesearetryingtobreathenewlifeintoancienttextsabouttraditionalmusicbycreating1(origin)musicandstylishmusicvideos2(feature)traditionalinstruments.ZiDeGuqinStudiohasrecentlybeefamousforstylishmusicvideos3allthesongsareplayedusingtraditionalinstruments.Guqin,apluckedsevenstringedinstrument(弹拨的七弦乐器),isoneofthemostfrequentlyappearinginstrumentsinthesevideos.Thisinstrument4(record)inawealthofbooksandmaterialsoverthecenturies,withmorethan3,000guqinsongs5(keep)inancienttexts.Thestudio’s6(adapt)ofancientsongshavegrownpopularamongyoungpeopleinChina.Accordingtothestudio’smembers,theirsuccessisowing7twomainfactors:therecentriseinthe8(popular)oftraditionalChinesecultureandtheirowninnovation.Traditionalculturehasbeenmakinganobviousrevival(复兴)asmoreyoungpeoplehave9strongersenseofnationalidentity.“Intheprocessofmakingvideos,weabsorbsomefunandinterestingelementsandattempt10(give)theseworksagreataesthetic(审美的)appealintermsofvisualeffects,”amemberofthestudiosaid.(5)AGreatmusicianBringsAncientChineseSoundstoLondonOntheafternoonofthesecondSaturdayofeverysecondmonth,ChengYudressesintraditionalChineseattire(服装)andtakesaguqinandpipatoaspecialgatheringshestartedinLondon20yearsago.ChengisamasterofthetwoinstrumentswhowastrainedatXi’anConservatoryofMusicbefore1(play)withtheChinaN