标准解读

GB/T 44194-2024《增材制造 金属粉末再利用技术规范》是中国关于增材制造领域中金属粉末再利用的技术标准。该标准详细规定了在增材制造(也称为3D打印)过程中使用金属粉末进行再利用的质量控制、检测方法、处理流程以及环境保护等方面的要求,旨在促进资源的高效循环利用,同时确保再利用金属粉末满足增材制造的品质与安全标准。具体要点包括:

  1. 适用范围:明确了本标准适用于采用激光熔融沉积、电子束熔融等增材制造技术过程中产生的金属粉末的回收、筛选、检测及再利用过程,涵盖了多种常见的金属材料,如钛合金、铝合金、不锈钢等。

  2. 术语和定义:为确保标准的准确执行,首先对增材制造、金属粉末再利用等相关专业术语进行了明确界定,为后续条款的执行提供了统一语言基础。

  3. 质量控制:详细阐述了金属粉末在回收和再利用前后的质量控制要求,包括粉末的物理性能(如粒度分布、形状、流动性)、化学成分稳定性及污染控制等,确保再利用粉末能维持原有性能,减少对最终产品性能的影响。

  4. 检测方法:规定了对回收粉末进行检测的具体方法和标准,如使用光谱分析检测化学成分,采用激光粒度分析仪测量粒度分布等,以科学、准确的数据评估粉末是否符合再利用标准。

  5. 处理流程:描述了从粉末收集、清洁、筛选、检测到重新包装的一系列标准化处理步骤,强调了每一步骤的操作规范与注意事项,确保处理过程既高效又安全。

  6. 环境保护:强调了在金属粉末回收再利用过程中应采取的环保措施,比如粉尘控制、废弃物处置等,以减少对环境的影响,符合可持续发展理念。

  7. 记录与追溯:要求建立完善的记录体系,对金属粉末的来源、处理过程、检测结果及再利用情况等进行详细记录,确保全程可追溯,提升质量管理的透明度和可靠性。

  8. 安全与健康:提出了在粉末处理过程中保障人员安全与健康的措施,包括但不限于个人防护装备的使用、操作区域的通风条件以及应急响应计划的制定。


如需获取更多详尽信息,请直接参考下方经官方授权发布的权威标准文档。

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文档简介

ICS

25.030

CCS

H70

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金属粉末再利用技术规范

Additivemanufacturing—Technicalspecificationforreuseofmetalpowder

2024-07-24发布2024-07-24实施

国家市场监督管理总局发布

国家标准化管理委员会

GB/T44194—2024

目次

前言

·····································································································

1

范围

··································································································

1

2

规范性引用文件

······················································································

1

3

术语和定义

···························································································

1

4

一般要求

······························································································

2

4.1

再利用策略

······················································································

2

4.2

检测要求

·························································································

2

4.3

过程实施要点

····················································································

2

5

粉末再利用策略

······················································································

2

5.1

一次性使用粉末

·················································································

2

5.2

单次填装粉末循环使用(策略1)

·······························································

2

5.3

每次成形补充原始粉末(策略2)

·······························································

3

5.4

按照频率补充原始粉末(策略3)

·······························································

4

5.5

隔离、递减消耗且不补充原始粉末(策略4)

··················································

5

5.6

隔离、递减消耗且补充原始粉末(策略5)

·····················································

6

6

检测要求

······························································································

7

6.1

分类

······························································································

7

6.2

检测

······························································································

7

6.3

取样

······························································································

8

6.4

结果判定

·························································································

8

7

粉末再利用过程控制要求

············································································

8

7.1

关键变量

·························································································

8

7.2

工艺环境

·························································································

8

7.3

粉末处理装置校准和验证

········································································

8

7.4

粉末处理装置维护

···············································································

8

7.5

污染物控制

······················································································

9

7.6

过程记录

·························································································

9

附录A(资料性)

再利用策略对比

··································································

10

附录B(资料性)

再利用过程变量

··································································

11

附录C(资料性)

校准和验证要求

··································································

14

GB/T44194—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由中国机械工业联合会提出。

本文件由全国增材制造标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC562)归口。

本文件起草单位:中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司、西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司、

无锡市检验检测认证研究院、南京航空航天大学无锡研究院、浙江闪铸集团有限公司、北京煜鼎增材制

造研究院股份有限公司、国营芜湖机械厂、中国核动力研究设计院、中航迈特增材科技(北京)有限公

司、中国食品药品检定研究院、北京动力机械研究所、中机研标准技术研究院(北京)有限公司、太行

国家实验室、南京航空航天大学、中国船级社、西北有色金属研究院、上海材料研究所有限公司、南京

铖联激光科技有限公司、南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司、北京市春立正达医疗器械股份有限公司、

厦门汉印股份有限公司、石嘴山市宝马兴庆特种合金有限公司、西安赛隆增材技术股份有限公司。

本文件主要起草人:何艳丽、雷力明、侯颖、张栋兵、胡娟、沈理达、李皓峰、钱婷婷、董定平、

何戈宁、高正江、王健、马瑞、薛莲、石磊、戴宁、周瀚森、张学哲、杨启云、王林、陈小龙、

解凤宝、林锦毅、魏创林、车倩颖。

GB/T44194—2024

增材制造金属粉末再利用技术规范

1范围

本文件规定了增材制造用金属粉末再利用的一般要求、策略、检测要求与过程控制要求。

本文件适用于非连续、单一材料粉末床熔融和定向能量沉积工艺金属粉末的再利用策略制定、检测

要求确定和过程控制,其他工艺粉末的再利用参照使用。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文

件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用

于本文件。

GB/T35351增材制造术语

GB/T39251—2020增材制造金属粉末性能表征方法

3术语和定义

GB/T35351和GB/T39251界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

回收粉末recoveredpowder

从设备给料区、成形区、溢流区以及零件内部回收的混合粉末。

注:若给料区回收的粉末作

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