裕兴新概念第一册笔记121122

Lesson121Themaninahat戴帽子的男士NewWordsandexpressions生词和短语customer n.顾客 forget(forgot,forgotten)v.忘记manager n.经理 serve v.照应,服务,接待countern.柜台 recognize v.认出customern.顾客（买东西的顾客）client银行，律师等的客户guest旅馆的旅客passenger乘客aregularcustomer老顾客eg.Thecustomerisalwaysright.顾客至上。forgetv.1)忘记eg.Iforgethistelephonenumber.我忘了他的电话号码。forgetdoing忘记曾做过eg.I’llneverforgetseeinghiminNewYork.我永远忘不了在纽约见到他。forgettodo忘记做（todo表示将来的动作）eg.Don’tforgettocallme.别忘了打电话给我。Sheforgottomailtheletter.她忘了寄信2)忘记带（买，做）eg.Iforgotmyumbrella.我忘了带伞。Heforgothisumbrellaonthetrain,＝Helefthisumbrellaonthetrain.他将伞忘在火车上。managern.经理asalesmanager销售经理managev.管理manageafirm经营公司servev.照应，服务，接待eg.Howcanweserveyou?(营业员对顾客用语)需要我们为你服务吗？servesbright(口语)给某人应得的报应（惩罚）eg.Servehimright.=Itserveshimright!他活该servicen.eg.Theserviceinthatrestaurantinpoor.那家餐馆的服务很差。achargeforservice服务费countern.1)柜台atthejewelrycounter在珠宝柜台（部）checkoutcounter付帐柜台2)柜台式长桌Lunchcounter午餐柜台，便餐馆，柜台式长餐桌3)计算器recognizev.1)认出eg.Doyourecognizehishandwriting?你能认出他的笔迹吗？2）承认（事实），认清，确认eg.Weallrecognizedhertalentfordancing.我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面有才华。Hedidn’trecognizethathehadmadeabigmistake.他不承认自己犯下了大错。Grammar语法定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。eg.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasPeter.回答问题的那个学生叫Peter.(句中的whoansweredthequestion是定语从句，修饰先行词thestudent.从句中的who是关系代词,由它引导定语从句，它一方面起连接先行词和定语从句的作用，另一方面在从句中作主语。)引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中可作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在从句中只用作状语。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImether.我永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。（关系副词when引导的定语从句紧跟随其先行词theday之后作状语）一．用作关联词的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which等。1).Who,whom,whose指人。Who是主格，在从句中用作主语（在非正式英语中亦可用宾语），whom是宾格，在从句中用作宾语，whose是属格，在从句中用作定语（有时亦可指物）。eg.Themanwhowashereyesterdayisateacher.昨天在这里的那个人是位老师。（主格关系代词who在从句中作作主语）ThemanwhomIsawiscalledMike./ThemanwhoIsawiscalledMike.我见到的那个人叫麦克。(在非正式英语中可用who取代whom)Iknowthemanwhomyoulike.我认识你喜欢的那个人。（关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语）Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.失去父母的孩子叫做孤儿。（属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指人）I’dlikearoomwhosewindowisbig.我想要一个有大窗户的房间。（属格关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，指theroom’s）2).that从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（在非正式文体中可省去）。that既可指人，亦可指物，但在当代英语中多指物。eg.Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用铅笔写的信很难读。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物）TheletterthatIheardfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天他来的信很重要。（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物）Ishethemanthatsellseggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人）3）which在从句中既可用作主语，亦可用作宾语（非正式文体中可省去）一般指物。eg.Thisisthebookwhichisverydifficult.这就是那本很难的书。（关系代词which在从句中用作主语）二．用作关联词的关系副词有when,where,why等。1.when在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词应是表示时间的名词或名词短语。eg.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.他昨晚来时我出去了。（关系副词when的先行词是lastnight）2.where在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词应是表示地点的名词或名词短语。eg.I’llneverforgettheplacewhereImet.我永远不会忘记我们见面的地方。3.why在从句中用作原因状语，其先行词是reason等表示原因的词。eg.Thatisnotreasonwhyyoushouldleave.那不是你必须离开的原因。（why的先行词是reason）TEXT课文Listentothetapethenanswerthisquestion.听录音，然后回答问题。Question:Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?为什么Caroline没有马上认出那位顾客？CUSTOMER:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme. 顾客：半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的辞典，但我忘了拿走。MANAGER:Whoservedyou,sir? 经理：是谁接待您的，先生？CUSTOMER:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.顾客：站在柜台后面的那位女士。MANAGER:Whichbooksdidyoubuy? 经理：您买的是两本什么书？CUSTOMER:Thebookswhichareonthecounter. 顾客：就是柜台上的那两本。MANAGER:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks. 经理：卡罗琳，半小时前你接待过这位先生吗？他说他就是买这两本书的人。CUSTOMER:Ican'tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.卡罗琳：我记不起来了。我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。MANAGER:Haveyougotahat,sir? 经理：先生，您有帽子吗？CUSTOMER:Yes,Ihave. 顾客：有的，我有帽子。MANAGER:Wouldyouputiton,please? 经理：请您把帽子戴上好吗？CUSTOMER:Allright. 顾客：好吧。MANAGER:Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline? 经理：卡罗琳，这就是你接待过的那个人吗？CUSTOMER:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 卡罗琳：是他。我现在认出他来了。课文讲解：A:Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottotakethemwithme.半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的辞典，但我忘了拿走。1.halfanhourago半小时之前（用在过去时当中）bought是buy的过去式dictionary的复数形式为dictionarieshour是以元音音素开头字母，前面的不定冠词用“an”2.forgot是forget的过去式，时态上与前面bought保持一致。forgettodo表示忘记去做某事eg.Iforgottocallyouyesterday.昨天我忘记了要给你打电话。Don’tforgettobringyourbookherenexttime.下次别忘了把你的书带来。forgetdoing“忘记做过某事”eg.Betty,doyouknowwheremykeyis?You’vegivenittome.Oh,Iforgotgivingittoyou.贝蒂，你知道我的钥匙在哪吗？你已经把它给我了，噢，我忘记把钥匙给你了．remembertodo记住去做….rememberdoing记得做过…eg.Remembertoturnoffallthelightsbeforeyouleave.在你离开之前，记住关掉所有的灯。remembertodo=don’tforgettodo…eg.Canyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?请把你的电话号码告诉我。Iremembertellingyou.我记得告诉过你了。3.butIforgottotakethemwithmethem指代thetwoexpensivedictionaries4.takesthwithsb把某物带走eg.ItooksomemedicinewithmewhenIwenttothevillage.我去那个村庄的时候我随身带了一些药。takesbsth(双宾语)=takesthtosb把某物拿去给某人eg.I’lltakesomepresentstomyfriendsinBeijing./I’lltakemyfriendsinBeijingsomepresents.我将给我在北京的朋友们带一些礼物。bringsthwithsb把某物带来eg.Peter,ifyoudon’tbringyourbookwithyounexttime,I’llcallyourfather.Peter，如果你下次再不把书带来，我就给你父亲打电话。bringsbsth=bringsthtosb把某物带给某人eg.Thankyouforbringmeyourpictures.谢谢你给我带来你的照片。B:Whoservedyou,sir?是谁接待您的，先生？A:Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.站在柜台后面的那位女士。served是serve的过去式，“服务”eg.I’llservethepeoplewithheartandsoul.我会全心全意为人民服务的。servicen.服务eg.Theserviceinthatstoreisgood.那家商店服务很好。Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.这是一个省略句，完整的句子应该是“Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounterservedme.其中whoisstandingbehindthecounter是一个以关系代词who引导的定语从句,修饰thelady.(who在这里不是疑问副词，而是关系代词，引导定语从句)Whoisknockingatthedoor?谁在敲门？（who是疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句）Idon’tlikethatmanwhoisstandingbythegate.这不喜欢站在门口的那个男人。（who是关系代词，引导定语从句）Whichbooksdidyoubuy?您买的是两本什么书？Which指在一定范围内的哪个（些）which既可用来指人，又可用来指物who与what分别用来指人和物，没有限定的范围。试比较：Whichisyourdaughteramongthechildren?这群孩子中谁是你的女儿．Theoneinred.穿红色衣服的那个。Whoisyourboss?Mr.Jacksonis.Whichisyourfavouritebook?Thisone.Whatisyourfavoritebook?ThegreatGatsby.A:Thebookswhichareonthecounter.就是柜台上的那两本。此句是带有定语从句的复合句，这也是一个省略句，全句应该是：Iboughtthebookswhichareonthecounter.B:Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline?Hesayshe’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.卡罗琳，半小时前你接待过这位先生吗？他说他就是买这两本书的人。1.Hesays后面的宾语从句省略了从属连词that2.he’sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks作Hesays的宾语此句中包含了一个定语从句,whoboughtthesebooks作定语修饰先行词theman,意为买这些书的人。A:Ican’tremember.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.我记不起来了。我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。1.ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.“whoIserved”作定语修饰theman由于被修饰的名词theman在定语从句中做动词served的宾语，因此关系代词应该用宾格whom,但在口语中往往用主格who.2.wearahat戴着帽子wear穿（表示状态）puton穿上(强调动作)B:Haveyougotahat,sir? 先生，您有帽子吗？A:Yes,Ihave. 有的，我有帽子。B:Wouldyouputiton,please? 请您把帽子戴上好吗？A:Allright. 好吧。1.Wouldyou…?请你…好吗？2.putiton戴上帽子it指代ahatputonyourshoes=putyourshoeson=putthemon穿上鞋puton反义词putoff脱下，摘下takeoffyouwatch=takeyourwatchoff=takeitoff摘下手表B:Isthisthemanthatyouserved.Caroline?卡罗琳,这就是你接待过的那个人吗？(定语从句,关系代词that引导定语从句修饰theman.)A:Yes.Irecognizehimnow. 是他。我现在认出他来了。recognizev.认出来（强调过程，是非持续性动词）eg.Hehaschangedalot,Ihardlyrecognizedhim.他变了许多，我几乎没有认出来他。knowv.知道，认识（表状态，是持续性动词，可以接表示时间段的状语）eg.Ihaveknownherfortenyears.我认识她己经10年了。小结：1.语法定语从句定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用,但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导，紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词who，whom与that修饰人，which与that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语，同时又充当连接词，把从句和主句连接起来。1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that①（先行词）人+who/that+动词（作主语）ThemanwhohaswhitehairisMr.White.②（先行词）人+whose+名词+动词（作定语）Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisateacher.③（先行词）人+who/whom/that+及物动词/不及物动词+介词（做宾语）Themanwemetismyuncle.④（先行词）物+which/that+动词（作主语）which是指人以外的生命或没有生命的东西Thisisthebirdwhichalwayssingsatnight.⑤（先行词）物+which/that+主语+及物动词（作宾语）ThisistheletterIreceivedyesterday.2、定语从句中的省略①当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是（现在）进行时时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略②如果关系代词在从句中作动词或介词的宾语，关系代词往往可以省略。定语从句可用介词结尾。③如果关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前了，介词后的关系代词只能加whom（人）/which（物），不能用that。Thewomanstandingbehindthecounterservedme.That’stheshipwetraveledon.That’sthemanItoldyouabout.2.短语forgettodo忘记去做…onthecounter在柜台上wearahat戴着帽子（状态）recognizesb认出某人forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做了某事expensivea.昂贵的dictionaryn.字典3.单词辨析★forgetv.忘记forgettodosth.忘记去做某事Ihaveforgottentobringmybook.forgetdoingsth.忘记做了某事Iwillneverforgetfindingthatrarecoininmygarden.★servev.照应，服务，接待①v.服务；接待；侍候Areyoubeingserved,sir?先生，有人为您服务吗？②v.供应；摆出（食物或饮料等）Whattimeisbreakfastservedinthishotel?这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐？③v.为……服务/服役；任职Theoldcookhasservedthefamilyfor30years.这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。HebegantoserveintheNavyin1960.他从1960年起开始在海军服役。★recognizev.认出①v.认出；认识Canyourecognizethistune?你能听出这支曲调吗？②v.承认；确认IrecognizethatheismorecapablethanIam.我承认他比我更有能力。TheyrecognizedRichardashislawfulheir.他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。AreBritishmedicalqualificationsrecognizedinotherEuropeancountries?英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认？[课文]CUSTOMER: Iboughttwoexpensivedictionariesherehalfanhourago,butIforgottakethemwithme.MANAGER: Whoservedyou,sir?CUSTOMER: Theladywhoisstandingbehindthecounter.MANAGER: Whichbooksdidyoubuy?CUSTOMER: Thebookswhichareonthecounter.MANAGER: Didyouservethisgentlemanhalfanhourago,Caroline? Hesayshe'sthemanwhoboughtthesebooks.CUSTOMER: Ican'tremember. ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.MANAGER: Haveyougotahat,sir?CUSTOMER: Yes,Ihave.MANAGER: Wouldyouputiton,please?CUSTOMER: Allright.MANAGER: Isthisthemanthatyouserved,Caroline?CUSTOMER: Yes.Irecognizehimnow.[课文注释]1、Whydidn’tCarolinerecognizethecustomerstraightaway?为什么卡罗琳没有马上认出那位顾客？2、ThemanwhoIservedwaswearingahat.此句为定语从句，由于被修饰的名词theman在定语从句中是动词served的宾语，因此，关系代词应该用宾语whom，但口语中往往用who。Lesson122who(whom),whichwhoseandthatNewWordsandexpressions生词和短语roadn.路eg.Thisroadleadstothecity.这条路通往城市theroadto通往…的路roadaccident交通事故ExerciseAExample:Sheisthegirl.Shemetmeyesterday.Sheisthegirlwhometmeyesterday.1.Thisisthebook.Iboughtityesterday.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.Sheisthegirl.Imetheryesterday.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetyesterday.Thisisthecar.Themechanicrepairedityesterday.Thisisthecarwhomthemechanicrepairedyesterday.Heistheman.Iinvitedhimtothepart.HeisthemanwhomIinvi