考研英语阅读理A命题及解题思路方法

第四章、猜词题命题思路透析

PartL命题规律透析

猜词题是考研英语阅读理解中必考的题型，主要考查考生对于文章中的某个词语、词组、句

子等的意思的理解和猜测，其主要目的在于考察考生们的英语语言基本功。对于很多考生来

说，生词是阅读中的一大难关。在总论中我们也提过，有的考生从中学时就养成了逢生词必

查的习惯，不管阅读什么文章都要弄懂其中每一个单词的意思。这种毅力固然可嘉，但是在

实际的阅读过程中不遇到生词是不可能的，而若考生总是拘泥于搞懂个别单词的意思其实是

非常浪费时间的。且不说这种习惯在考研过程中会影响阅读的速度、效率和考生的信心，相

信所有考生在开始研究生学习之后都需要阅读本领域的大量英文文献，这些文献中往往都有

非常大的单词量，大家不可能光靠查字典解决问题。因此，猜测单词的能力对于考生的阅读

有着深远的影响，可以不夸张地说，大部分人•辈子都要在阅读的时候不断地猜测生词的意

思，因此这是一种毕生的能力。

考研英语阅读的猜词题可以大致分为四类：1、猜测某个单词的意思，这个单词有可能是超

纲词汇，也有可能是一个熟悉单词的不熟悉用法；2、猜测某个词组的意思，这个词组中可

能包含了某个超纲词汇，或者是一个熟悉单词的特殊搭配；3、猜测某个句子的含义，这个

句子一般结构不会非常复杂，不是长难句，但是其中可能包含了一些超纲词汇或者特殊的词

组、习语、典故、成语等，此外这个句子也可能是引自文中某个人的话；4、猜测某个词语

的指代含义，如it,this,that,which,these,those等，或者是•个意思笼统的抑或是某个集体

名词在文中的具体含义,考生需要注意的是在做这种题时要把握答案与题干的单词在性、数、

格上的一致。

做猜词题的关键就在于通过上下文来理解所考查词语、词组和句子的含义，并且把答案套到

原文中看是否在逻辑上是否行得通。考生千万不能把题干孤立起来臆测其含义，这样的做法

会严重影响做题效率。此外，考生也要相信自己的常识和逻辑判断，一般来说作者在写文章

的时候不会背离基本的常识。

猜词题常见表达方式

1、考查某个单词意思的猜词题：

Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2007)

Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething.(2006)

Theword“homogenizing”(line2,paragraph1)mostprobablymeans.(2006)

Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes.(2005)

Theword“arbiters”(thelastsentence,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose.(2003)

Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive"(sentence2,paragraph7)?(2002)

Theword“gizmos”(sentence1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.(2002)

Thewordt4dcmographers^^(line1,paragraph7)mostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword“schism”(line3,paragraph4)inthecontextmostprobablymeans.(1998)

Theword"pervasive”(sentence1,paragraph2)mightmean.(1997)

2、猜测某个词组意思的猜词题：

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis^^(lastline,paragraph4)?(2005)

Theexpression“tipserviceM(line3,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2004)

Thephrase"makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.(2003)

Inparagraph5,“thepowerless"probablyrefersto.(1998)

3、猜测某个句子含义的猜词题：

Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative^^(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat.(2006)

Bysaying"Stratfordcriespoortraditionally^^(line2-3,paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat.

(2006)

By"EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthormeans.(2004)

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(line2,paragraph5)?

(2004)

Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?(2003)

Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.(2000)

Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat.(1998)

Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(thelastsentence,paragraph3)meansthat.(1997)

Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingfbrthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans.

(1997)

4、猜测某个词语指代含义的猜词题：

Theword"it"(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto.(1995)

5、其它常见的表达方式还包括：

Asusedinthetext,theword,phrasesuggeststhat.

Fromthetextwecanlearnthatisatermreferringto.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedby.

Accordingtothepassage,theword,phrase"..."isknownas.

Thesentence"…”canbeparaphrasedas.

Theword,phrase"…"standsfbr.

Theword,phrasecanbebestreplacedbywhichofthefollowingword,phrase?

猜词题常见出题位置

1、文章中出现的有多个意思的常用单词，而且用到了该单词的非常见用法。

2、文章中出现的超纲词汇。

3、文章中出现的一些包含了普通单词的特殊搭配的词组。

4、文章中一些包含了特殊词汇或者词语的句子。

5、文章中出现的一些长度较短的引言。

6、文章中出现的一些同位语或者同位语从句。

7、文章中出现的•些定语或者定语从句、宾语从句。

8、文章中出现的一些代词或者意思笼统地单词和集体名词，尤其要注意放在句首的指示代

词。

9、文章中的一些特殊标点符号前后，如冒号、引号、分号或者破折号。

10、文章中出现的列举、对比、类比的地方。

猜词题正确答案选项的特点

1、答案往往不是某个常见单词或词组的普通用法。

2、第一-眼看上去可能与考查的词语或者词语并没有共同点，比如其单词拼写完全不同。

3、答案中一般不会有任何绝对性的单词或词组。

4、如果四个选项中出现了意义相反的两个单词或词组，那么正确答案必定是这两个选项中

的一个，因此可以排除掉另外两个答案，提高答题的正确率。

猜词题干扰答案选项的特点

1、某个普通词语或词组的常见含义。

2、看上去与所考查的单词拼写相近或者意义相近的答案。

3、答案中出现意义绝对化的单词或词组。

4、答案放在原文中在逻辑上和常识上都没有问题,但是经过仔细推敲发现并不符合上下文。

5、指代的内容只是原文意思的一部分。

猜词题解题方法

猜词题的解题方法其实是所有题型中最简单的，即“代入上下文、杜绝望文生义”。也就

是说，要通过上下文的整体框架来推测含义，同时也要借助逻辑判断和常识的积累。考生还

应提高猜词的能力，通过一个常见单词猜测一个非常见单词的含义，在总论中提供的一些常

见单词前缀、后缀表和词根表都有助于帮助考生培养这方面的能力。在涉及指代题的时候，

考生需要注意有的时候是指代一个单词或者词组，有的时候也会指代一个句子，需要在具体

做题时加以判断。此外，积累词汇量也是一个长期和后备的方法，如果考生不仅能够掌握绝

大部分的大纲单词，同时也掌握了相当数量的超纲词汇，自然能够更加胸有成竹。如果知道

所考查词汇的意思便可以轻易答题，即使不知道也可以通过平时积累的帮助提高猜词的能力。

PartII、真题解题

1993年Passage3

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:he

cangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.

Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichthe

inventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly（垄1析）andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothe

publicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofa

patentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceiver

circuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent?snormallifetherewasnocolour

TVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibrary

attachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyoneto

useand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadvise

anyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesure

wayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,

becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthat

idea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmodemtechnological

advanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"newHideasare,infact,

asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessity

ordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.The

basicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideas

behindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrear

enginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

44.Theword"plagiarize"（line8,Para.5）mostprobablymeans_

[A]stealanduse

[B]giverewardto

[C]makepublic

[D]takeandchange

[答案]A

[解题思路]

本题所在的原文为uIndeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostof

conductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyother

inventor'srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatenn（实际上，专利专家们常对希望开发有效专利而

又想避免高额费用的人提出建议，即避免侵犯他人专利权的有效方法就是使用过期专利）。

B和C选项显然与原文无关，而D选项“change”的意思在文章中没有体现出来。在专利

过期之后，任何人都可以把这个专利或其想法和流程拿来使用而不用经过作者的同意，因此

就有“stealanduse”的意思。实际上plagiarize这个词语的意思就是“抄袭，剽窃：把（他

人的观点或文章）作为自己的使用”。

［题目译文］

“plagiarize"（第五段第八行）最可能的意思是

［A］偷来使用

［B］给……颁奖

［C］使……公开

［D］拿来并改变

1994年Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydetenninewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemands

canbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismis

providedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands

ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativeto

thedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.

ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendto

increasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic

system.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedto

ownproductiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepennittedtohirelabor,gaincontrol

overnaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmerican

economy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresources

butalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafree

contractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine11,Para1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes0means.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

[答案]D

[解题思路]

本题词组来自于文章第一段的最后•句话“Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit”（因此，在美国经济体制中，消费者个人

的需求，加上商人获取最大利润的追求及消费者想最大限度提高购买力的愿望三者共同决定

应该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些产品），从原句中可以看出所谓的“个人收入最大

化”其实包含着最大化收入的购买力这层意思，即可以以同样的收入买到更多的商品。分析

出这层意思后显然只有D选项符合题意，而其他三个选项都是表面上肤浅的理解。

[题目译文]

在文章第一段第11行中，“个人对于收入最大化的期望''的意思是。

[A]美国人从来不满足于他们的收入

[B]美国人往往过于强调他们的收入

[C]美国人想要增加他们的收入

[D]美国人想要提高他们收入的购买力

1994年Passage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygive

theirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthese

creditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin

scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashless

society"isnotonthehorizon——it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellers

too.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawide

rangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow

fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe

sametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemost

efficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonby

manufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprise,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthrough

theuseofcomputers.

57.Thephrase"ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

[答案]B

[解题思路]

题干中的词组出现在文章第二段的第二句话“Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethan

simplyringupsalesw»文中没有直接相关的指代或解释信息，但从该句的registersw和下

一个句子中的“keeprecords”等信息中可以推测“ringup”就是“登记”的意思。实际上第

二段的第二、三句话的意思是“电子收银机能做的远不止记录销售额，它们可进行各种各样

的记录，包括谁卖了什么，什么时候卖的，卖给谁了等"，因此B为正确选项。同时也可

以将其他三个选项分别代入原句看上下文是否连贯一致，从而可以分别排除三个选项。

[题目译文]

第二段第三行中的词组“ringupsales”的意思很可能是。

[A]制定货物订单

[B]在现金簿上纪录销售状况

[C]打电话给销售经理

[D]查明储存的货物状况

1994年Passage4

“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe,llknowinvastdetailhowcancercells

arise,5,saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,“some

peoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyears

beforecureswereavailable."

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfive

years.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.For

someskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistics

arestilldiscouraging13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas（胰

腺）.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.

Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,

whicharecancer-causinggenes（基因）,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraysto

radiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveral

oncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancers

areinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.''Changesarea

normalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,"saysoncologistWilliamHaywar.Environmentalfactors

canneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainst

cosmicrays.**

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.**First,weneedtounderstandhowthe

normalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberof

genesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstand

howcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."

66.Theword"dormantHinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans_.

[A]dead

[B]ever-present

[C]inactive

[D]potential

[答案]c

[解题思路]

udormant"一词出现在文章第三段的倒数第二句"Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationto

dietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown"。通过上下文的aactivate"

（激活）以及下一句中的“drivenintoaction”，这些线索都可以说明“dormant”表示的是

"inactive”的意思,正确答案为C。"dormant"的意思是"休眠的",原句的意思是“从

宇宙射线、辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都可能激活一个处于静止状态的致癌基因，但如何激

活的原因却尚不为人知”。

[题目译文]

第三段中的“dormant”这个词语的意思很可能是。

[A]死的

[B]经常存在的

[C]不活跃的

[D]潜在的

1994年Passage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds”tocomeinblinding

flashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhave

it,lookatthemold（霉）onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.He

experimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.

InventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialandeiTor.Innovationislike

soccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequently

thantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andso

itgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationand

othersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,and

theyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeas

fancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing

thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,^^wroteRudolphFlexh,alanguageauthority,this

accountsfbrourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcases

onwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefbre?^^The

creativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnot

acceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaverage

personwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovator

willsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemore

interestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

[答案]A

［解题思路］

文章第一句话指出uDiscoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"to

comeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidentsv,接着卜文以SirAlexander

Fleming的例子来反证第一句话的论点。可见作者认为科学技术中的新发现都是辛勤研究和

做实验的结果，而“untaughtmind”对这些情况不了解，因此正确答案为A。C选项是最这

个词语的表面意思理解，颇具迷惑性。B和D选项则与原文不符。第一句话的意思为“科

学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果”。

［题目译文］

第一段中作者所说的“untaughtmind^^是什么意思？

［A］一个不懂得实验过程中包含了辛勤工作的人

［B］在一个限制个人创造力的社会中的人

［C］一个没有接受过教育的人

［D］一个时不时偶然地发现新想法的人

1995年PassageI

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassista

rapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandso

makingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasit

helpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresan

increasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthe

costsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesas

much,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortube

wouldcost20percentmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueinthe

productsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovern

thetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleading

advertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuythe

inferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofI

knowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthink

of.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-known

televisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthan

informs.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinfbrmation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnot

impossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtly

persuasive——advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhaps

thatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[(B)everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C])advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

[答案]C

[解题思路]

本题可以直接从分析该句的角度解题。原句是"Moneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentas

wellasanyIknowof”,aswellas的意思是“也,和.....样”,而“spentaswellasanyIknow

of”用来形容该词组前面的money这个词，此外any后面为了避免重复省略了money这个

词。因此整个句子的译文是“把钱花在做广告上是我所知道的最好的花钱方式”，可见C

选项符合原文意思。其余三个选项的意思都包含了原句之外的信息。

[题目译文]

作者通过本文第一句想表达的意思是。

[A]他对于广告成本的状况相当了解

[B]每个人都清楚地知道打广告要用很多钱

[C]打广告就像任何其他事情一样需要花钱

[D]在广告上花钱是值得的

1995年Passage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehave

generallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedand

measured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshow

fortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceby

definitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessis

nottheroaditselfbutrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,as

theyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreally

ends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengesto

accept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfront

theunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymayctfaiF,atfirst.Howweseeour-selvesas

wetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquick

andcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliar

experiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseusto

hesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethink

we'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Then

wearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochange

andgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotect

ourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing*'(line2-3,Para.3)heisreferringto_.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

[答案]A

[解题思路]

本题"anewwayofbeing所在句子为"Howweseeour-selvesaswetryanewwayofbeingis

essentialtoourabilitytogrown,其中可以判断being在这里的意思是''生存"。B选项对应

的是第三段第一句话的一个小方面，因此可以排除。第二句话后面的文字提了三个问题并作

了相应的回答，分三个方面对第二句话提供解释，C和D选项都只是对应其中的一个方面，

因而也可以排除。原句的意思是“我们在尝试新的生存方式的时候如何看待自己对于自己能

力增长是非常重要的”，A选项与其最接近。

[题目译文]

当作者提至『'anewwayofbeing"(第三段第2-3行)，他指的是。

[A]一种经历世界的新方式

[B]一种审视自己的新方法

[C]一种承担风险的新方式

[D]•种适应变化的新系统

1995年Passage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome

complicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsor

colleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpert

informationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeople

today.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmove

awayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,

theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbe

availablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowof

informationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearned

subconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciously

learned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhas

moreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceof

informationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingand

sometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhich

enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhas

everbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatain

machine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.

Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andvery

shortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextended

thepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhas

facilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmaking

moreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinfbnnationisofgreatestimportance.

Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,

thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed.

"Knowledgeispower**maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemost

criticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it”(line3,para.2)mostprobablyrefersto_.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

［C］theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

［D］thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

［答案］B

［解题思路］

本题中“it”这个词所在的句子为原文第二段的第二句话"Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheir

stablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformal

flowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhen

neededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable由于很多家庭搬出了原来那个稳定的社区，由此

离开了多年的朋友、并脱离了家族的联系，其非正式的信息交流就被中断了，因此他们也需