Unit6AnalyzingLearnerLanguage市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit6AnalyzingLearnerLanguage1/26Thisunitfocusesonthefollowingmethods:ContrastiveAnalysis对比分析ErrorAnalysis错误分析ContrastiveInterlanguageAnalysis中介语对比分析2/26Contrastiveanalysis(CA)Contrastiveanalysisisasystematicmethodofcomparingtwoormorelanguagesorsubsystemsoflanguageinordertodetermineboththedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthem.对比分析是共时性研究，它要揭示语言之间一致性和分歧性，尤其是分歧性。为了说明问题，对比分析有时也要包括辞源和语言一些历史演变。3/26Contrastiveanalysisisbasedonthefollowingfourassumptions:Secondlanguagelearning二语学习Themaindifficulties主要困难Contrastiveanalysis对比分析Teachingmaterials教学材料4/26Thestrongversion

VS.Theweakversion

强势假设VS.弱势假设Thestrongversionemphasizesthepredictionofdifficultiesinlearningasecondlanguage.(预测）Theweakversiononlyrecognizesthesignificanceofinterferenceacrosslanguagesandtriestoexplainthosedifficulties.(解释）5/26ProceduresofCADescription描述(i.e.aformaldescriptionofthetwolanguageswasmadesuchasdistinctivefeaturesofeach)Selection选择（i.e.certainareasoritemsofthetwolanguageswerechosenfordetainedcomparisonsuchasphonology,syntaxandlexicon）Comparisonandcontrast对比（i.e.theidentificationofareasofdifferenceandsimilarity)6/26DifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishAsforthesamething,ChineseandEnglishgivethedifferentnamebecauseoftheirdifferentfours.Generally,blackisequivalentto“黑”，andredisto“红”,butblackteaiswhatChinesecall“红茶”。7/26SimilaritiesinChineseandEnglishTherearesomesimilaritiesinsyntax,lookingthesentences:Oncebitten,twiceshy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见，心不烦。Prediction预测(i.e.identificationofpossibleareasthatcauseerrors.)8/26Criticismsofcontrastiveanalysis意义：一套严密方法和程序-----深入了解语言，应用于语言教学，加强针对性----负迁移；一个语言分析方法：观察和分析学习语言系统良好起点。不足：学习者困难和难点是多元；对理论上批评：心理学----不能预测自然条件下语言学-----忽略语言创造性，只做表层对比；对难度等级和偏误预测批评。9/261.Errorvs.MistakeError:学习者往往会偏离或违反目口号语言系统规则,这种偏离或违反往往是因为学习者尚不具备正确表示能力而引发;学习者在语言学习过程中所出现系统性偏差。Mistake：通常指是行为(performance)上差错;学习者没有正确地利用其原有知识,他具一定能力(competency),却不能很好地把它表现出来(performance);语言产生过程中发生暂时性不完善现象。10/26

错误分析：学习者已具备了一定目口号知识并试图把这种知识利用到新语言项目上来。e.g.Theyarecarnivorousplants（食肉植物）andit’snamecomefrom...ErrorAnalysis11/26错误分析根源母语干扰-------语际迁移intralingualtransfer目口号干扰-------语内迁移interlingualtransfer1.错误类比2.错误分析3.规则利用不全或概括不够undergeneralization4.过分概括overgeneralization.12/263.错误分析步骤

（TheProcedureofErrorAnalysis）ErrorAnalysisCollectionofasampleoflearnerlanguageIdentificationoferrorsDescriptionoferrorsExplanationoferrorsEvaluationoferrors13/26Proceduresoferroranalysis(误差分析步骤)误差分析普通包含五步：namely,identification(识别),description（描述）,explanation（解释）,evaluation（评定）andcorrection（准确）14/261).Distinctionbetweenerrorandmistake(误差与错误区分)Amistakereferstoaperformanceerrorthatiseitherarandomguessoraslipofthetongueorpenbecauseitisafailuretouseaknownsystemcorrectly.(错误指是表现错误要么是一个随机猜测要么是口误或者笔误，这是因为不知道怎样正确使用已知系统缘故。)Anerrorisanoticeabledeviationfromtheadultgrammarofanativespeaker,reflectingthelimitofthelearner'scompetenceinusingthetargetlanguage.(误差是一个来自说母语成年人使用语法时一个显著偏差，反应了学习者在使用目口号时能力极限。)15/262)Identificationoferrors(误差识别)(1)Identifyingovertandcoverterrors.（显性和隐性误差）(2)providinginterpretationsandconstructingwell-formedsentencesinthetargetlanguage.（在目口号言中提供解释和结构好句型）(3)Comparingill-formedandwell-formedsentenceinatargetlanguage.（在目口号言中比较有病句和完整句型）16/263)Descriptionoferrors(误差描述)Errorscanbedescribedinthreedimensions:(1)bystageoferror阶段误差(2)bynatureoferror自然误差(3)bylevelsoflanguage语言水平4)Explanationoferror误差解释(1)interference-likeerrors干扰误差(2)firstlanguagedevelopmentalerrors第一语言发展区误差(3)ambiguouserrors歧义误差(4)uniqueerroes独特误差17/265)Evaluationoferrors(误差评价)First,somepeopleregarderrorsasasignofalearner'sfailuretomastertherulesbeingtaught.(有些人把错误作为一个学习者未能掌握所教规则标志)Secondly,contrastivelinguistismaintainthatthesourcesoferrorsmainlycomefromethedifficultieslearnershavewithcertainaspectsoftargetlanguage.(对比语言学认为误差主要起源是学习者在目口号一些方面存在困难)18/26

Thirdly,somepeopleholdthatmakingerrorsisanecessaryandunavoidableprocessofleaninginforeignlanguagelearning.(有些人认为，犯错误是倚在外语学习中一个必要和不可防止过程)6）CorrectionofErrors.(错误更正)Thisistheultimategoaloferroranalysis.(这是错误分析终极目标)19/266.3

LearnerCorpusAnalysis6.3.1WhatisaLearnerCorpus?(什么是学习者语料库？)Alearnercorpusisdefinedasalargecollectionoftextsofsecondlanguagelearner’sspokenorwritteninterlanguage.(学习者语料库指是第二语言学习者口语和写作中介文本大集合）Thecorpuscanbevoicedataortextdata,dependingontheresearchpurpose.（按照研究目标能够分为语音数据或文本数据。）20/266.3.2ApproachesinthelearnercorpusAnalysis从学习者语库中进行分析Themethodsemployedinlearnercorpusstudiesconsistoftwokinds:1）Contrastiveinterlanguageanalysis.（中介语对比分析）2)Computerizederroranalysis.(计算机误差分析）

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1）ContrastiveinterlanguageanalysisisatermcreatedbyGrangerasareaserchmethodologyinsecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.(中介语对比分析是由格兰杰在而语习得研究中作为一个研究方法而创建一个术语。)Contrastiveinterlanguageanalysisinvolvesfourmajortypesofcomparison：(1)comparisonofnativelanguageandinter