学位英语完型阅读模拟题

ESTI

PartIListeningComprehension

Section1,Conversation(10minutes,10points)

Section2,Passages(10minutes,10points)

PartII:ClozeTest(10minutes,15points)

ScientistswhostudytheEarth'sclimateareconvincedthatvolcanoeruptionshaveasignificant

effectongeneralweatherpatterns.Infact,oneofthemany(36)whichattempttoexplainhowanice

agebeginsholdsthatthe(37)isadramaticincreaseinvolcaniceruptions.Thevolcanicexplosions,

besidescausinglocalthunderstormsandlightning,injectgreatamountsofgasand(38)_intothe

stratosphere(同温层).Atthis(39),thevolcanicmaterialspreadsallthewayaroundtheEarth.This

volcanicmaterial(40)acertainamountofsunlightand⑷)somebackintospace.Thenetresultisto

(42)theplanet'ssurface.Forinstance,43wasperhapsthelargesteruptionoccunedin1883whenthe

IndonesiavolcanoKrakatoaexploded.Thefollowingyearwas(44)inEuropeasthe"yearwithout

summer*'becausethe(45)wassocoolandrainy.

Whilethereis(46)scientificagreementthatvolcaniceruptioncanleadtocooling,(47)ofhowthis

happensarenotclear.Asaresult,scientistscannot(48)whetherthevolcanicactivitywhich(49)past

iceageswouldresult(50)sufficientcoolingtocauseaglacialperiod.Similarly,itisnotpossiblefor

scientiststopredicttheclimateeffectofafuturevolcaniceruptionwithanyconfidence.

36.A.theoriesB.inventionsC.judgmentsD.discoveries

37.A.causeB.courseC.meansD.case

38.A.petroleumB.ashC.flameD.garbage

39.A.relationB.instanceC.momentD.altitude

40.A.scattersB.releases*C.constitutesD.absorbs

41.A.carriesB.convertsC.reflectsD.gathers

42.A.coolB.warmC.freezeD.heat

43.A.suchB.whatC.thereD.that

44.A.knownB.reportedC.markedD.testified

45.A.airB.temperatureC.skyD.weather

46.A.committedB.optimisticC.generalD.absolute

47.A.indexesB.predictionsC.detailsD.decisions

48.A.analyzeB.determineC.assureD.assume

49.A.confrontedB.promotedC.proceedD.preceded

50.A.inB.fromC.toD.with

Part1Reading

PassageOne

Weuseemotivelanguagetoexpressourownattitudesandfeelings.Wealsodirectemotivelanguageatother

peopletopersuadethemtobelieveaswedoortodoaswewantthemtodo;and,ofcourse,otherpeopledirect

emotivelanguageatustogetustobelieveortodowhattheywant.

Wearesubjectedtoaconstantstreamofpersuasiondayin,dayout,athomeandinschool,ontheradioandon

television.Itcomesfromparentsandteachers,frompreachersandpoliticians,fromeditorsandcommentators,but,

mostofall,ofcourse,fromadvertisers.Mostofthispersuasionisexpressedinemotivelanguageandisintendedto

appealtoourfeelingsratherthantobeweighedupbyourpowersofreasoning.

Weshouldlookatthemotivesbehindallthispersuasion.Whydotheywanttopersuadeus?Whatdotheywant

ustodo?Wearenotthinkingveryclearlyunlesswetrytoseethroughtheveilofwordsandrealizesomethingof

thespeaker'spurpose.

Anappealtoemotionisinitselfneithergoodorbad.Ouremotionsexistandtheyarepartofourpersonality.On

someoccasionspeopleappealtoouremotionsonthehighestlevelsandfromthebestofmotives.Acaseinpointis

ChurchilFswartimespeeches:whateverpeoplethoughtofChurchillasapolitician,theywereunitedbehindhim

whenhespokeasnationalleaderinthosedarkdays---theirfeelingsrespondedtohiscallforresolutionandunity.

Itisacharacteristicofsocialgroupsthatthemembershaveafeelingofpersonalattachmenttothegroup-to

thefamilyinearliestchildhoodandextendinglatertotheschool,theteam,thechurch,thenation,inpatternsthat

varyfromtimetotime.Henceaspeakerfromourgroupwillfindinusfeelingstowhichhecanreadilyand

genuinelyappeal,whetherourreactionisfavorableornot.Weareatleastopentotheappealandweappreciatethe

contextinwhichitismade.

1.Themajorfunctionsofemotivelanguagediscussedinthepassageareto

A.extendourpowersofreasoningandcarryoutapurpose

B.advertiseandproducethewantedsocialeffects

C.showone*sfeelingsandappealtothoseofothers

D.makeothersbelieveinusandrespondtoourfeelings

2.Itissuggestedinthethirdparagraphofthispassagethatwe-.

Ashouldkeepacoolheadwhensubjectedtopersuasionofvariouskinds

Bneedtojudgewhetherapersuasionismadeforgoodorbad

C.havetocarefullyuseouremotivelanguage

D.shouldavoidbeingeasilyseenthroughbyanappealfromothers

3.Thesourcefromwhichemotivelanguageflowsuponusinitsgreatestamountis-.

A.themassmediaB.theeducationalinstitutions

C.thereligiouscirclesD.theadvertisingbusiness

4.Churchillismentionedinthepassageas

A.anexampleofhowpeopleweigheduppersuasionwithreasoning

B.anationalleaderwhobroughtoutpeople'sbestfeelings

C.apositiveexampleofappealingtopeople'smotion

D.apoliticianwhohasbeenknownasagoodspeaker

5.WhatisNOTmentionedasrelevanttoouremotionsinthispassage?

A.SocialcontextB.Personalexperience

C.ThepersonalityofnationalleadersD.Religiousbelief

6.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapersuasivespeakermust.

A.findoutwhatgrouphisaudienceisattachedto

B.varyhisspeechpatternsfromtimetotime

C.knowhowtoadapthiswayofspeakingtotheneedsoftheaudience

D.beawarewhetherthelistenersarefavorabletohisopinionornot

PassageTwo

Asgoodsandservicesimproved,peoplewerepersuadedtospendtheirmoneyonchangingfromoldtonew,

andfoundthechangeworththeexpenses.Whenanairlineequippeditselfwithjets,forexample,itscosts(and

thereforeairfare)wouldgoup,butthenewplanesmeantsuchanimprovementthatthehighercostwasjustified.A

newcar(orwireless,washingmachine,electrickettle)madelifesomuchmorecomfortablethantheoldonethat

thehighcostofreplacementwasfullyrepaid.Manufacturersstillcrytheirwaresaspersuasivelyasever,butare

theimprovementsreallyworthpayingfor?Inmanyfieldsthingshavenowreachedsuchahighstandardof

performancethatfurtherprogressisverylimitedandveryexpensive.Airlines,forexample,gotoenormous

expenseinbuyingthelatestprestigejets,inwhichvastresearchcostshavebeenspentonrelativelysmall

improvements.Ifwescrapthesevastcostswemightlosethechanceofcuttingminutesawayfromflyingtimes,

butwouldn'titbebettertoseeairfaresdropdramatically,ascapitalcostsbecomerelativelyinsignificant?Again,

inthecontextofa70mphlimit,withplatoonsofcarstravelingsodenselyastocontroleachother'sspeeds,

improvementsinperformancearevirtuallyirrelevant;improvementsinhandlingareunnecessary,asmost

productioncarsgriptheroadperfectly;andcomforthasnowreachedaveryhighlevelindeed.Small

improvementshereareunlikelytobeworththethousandsthatanybodyreplacinganordinaryfamilycareverytwo

yearsmayultimatelyhavespentonthem.Letusinsteadhavecars---orwireless,electrickettles,washing

machines,televisionsets-whicharemadetolast,andnottobereplaced.Significantprogressisobviouslya

goodthing;buttheinsignificantprogressionfrommodel-changetomodel-changeisnot.

7.Theauthorobviouslyischallengingthesocialnormthat

A.itis.importanttoimprovegoodsandservices

B.developmentoftechnologymakesourlifemorecomfortable

C.itisreasonablethatpricesaregoingupallthetime

D.slightlymodifiednewproductsareworthbuying

8.Accordingtothispassage,airfaresmayrisebecause

Apeopletendtotravelbynewairplanes

B.theairplanehasbeenimproved

C.thechangeisfoundtobereasonable

D.theserviceontheairplaneisbetterthanbefore

9.Accordingtotheauthor,passengerswouldbehappierifthey-*

A.couldflyinthelatestmodelofreputableplanes

B.couldgetticketsatmuchlowerprices

C.seetheairlinesmakevitalchangesintheirservices

D.couldspendlesstimeflyingintheair

10.Whenmanufacturershaveimprovedtheperformanceoftheirproductstoacertainlevel,then

itwouldbe_..

A.justifiedforthemtocuttheprice

B.unnecessaryforthemtomakeanynewchanges

C.difficultandcostlytofurtherbetterthem

D.insignificantforthemtocutdowntheresearchcosts

11.Inthecaseofcars,theauthorurgesthatwe

A.cancelthespeedlimitB.furtherimprovetheperformance

C.improvethedurabilityD.changemodelseverytwoyears

12.Theauthor'scriticismisprobablybasedonthefactthat-.

A.wehavebeenpersuadedtoliveanextravagantlifetoday

B.manyproductswebuyturnouttobesubstandardorinferior

C.inflationisbecomingabigproblemintheworldtoday

D.peoplearewastingtheirmoneyontrivialtechnologicalprogress

PassageThree

Recentstudiesonthemale-femalewagegappredictthateventhoughentrysalariesformalesandfemalesin

thesameoccupationarenearlyequalbecausewomen'smarketskillshaveimprovedvastly,thechancesofthe

overallgapclosingintheforeseeablefutureareminimal.Thisisduetoseveralfactorsthatarelikelytochange

veryslowly,ifatall.Animportantreasonisthatwomenareconcentratedinoccupations-serviceandclerical一

thatpaylessthantraditionalmalejobs.Itispossiblethatmorewomenthanmenintheirtwentiesarehesitantto

committhemselvestoayear-round,lifetimecareerorjobformanyreasonsThereislingeringattitudeonboththe

partofwomenandtheiremployersthatwomenarenotcutoutforcertainjobs.Notonlydoesthisattitudechannel

womenintolower-payingwork,butitalsoservestokeepthemfromtopmanagementpositions.

Anothersignificantfactorinthewideningwagegapbetweenmenandwomenenteringtheworkforce,even

incomparablejobs,isthatwomenoftendropoutatcriticalpointsintheircareerstohaveafamily.Womenstill

havetheprimaryresponsibilityforchild-bearing;eveniftheycontinuetowork,theyoftenforgoovertimeand

promotionsthatwouldconflictwithhomeresponsibilities.Theagesof25to35havebeenshownrepeatedlytobe

theperiodwhenworkingconsistentlyandhardisvitaltoadvancementandjobsecurity.Thesearepreciselythe

yearswhenwomenarelikelytohavechildrenandbegintoslideawayfrommeninearningpower.Consequently,a

woman'sincomeismorelikelytobeseenassecondarytoherhusband's.

13.Accordingtorecentstudiesonthemale-femalewagegap,

A.thereismuchhopeofnarrowingthemale-femalewagegapinthenearfuture

B.workingwomenwillhavemanyopportunitiestoholdhigh-payingjobsinthenearfuture

C.women'spaywillstillstayatalevelbelowthatofmeninthenearfuture

D.salariesformalesandfemalesinthesameoccupationwillbeequalinthenearfuture

14.Womenarekeptfromtopmanagementpositionspartlybecausethey

A.decidetodevotethemselvestocertainlifetimejobsintheirtwenties

B.areinclinedtorankfamilysecondtowork

C.tendtohavemorequarrelswiththeiremployers

D.stilltakeanincorrectattitudetowardsthemselves

15.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassageasapartialreasonforwomen'sconcentrationincertain

occupations?

A.Socialdivisionoflabor.B.Socialprejudiceagainstthem

C.Employmentlaws.D.Physiologicalweakness.

16.Theword''forgo1'inParagraph2couldbebestreplacedby-.

A.giveupB.dropout

C.throwawayD.cutout

17.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A.men*sjobsaresubjecttochange

B.womentendtobeemployedoffandonatthesamejob

C.men*chancesofpromotionareminimal

D.womenusedtobeemployedalltheyearround

18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Women'smarketskillshaveimprovedgreatly.

B.Childcareisstillchieflywomen'swork

C.Womenaretypicallyemployedinclericalandservicejobs.

D.Domesticdutiesnolongerconflictwithwomen'sjobs.

PassageFour

Itseemsthatthelifeofatelevisionreporterisfantasticallyadmiredbymanypeople.Butthisisonlyoneside

ofthecoin.First,henevergoesdeeplyintoanyonesubject---hemaybeexpertatmasteringabriefinashorttime

and''gettingup"asubject,butaweeklaterheisontothenextsubject,andaweeklaterstillheisontothesubject

afterthat.Heseldomgraspswithafull-scaleinvestigationanyonething.Hehastobeabletoforgetwhathewas

workingonafewweeksbefore,otherwisehismindwouldbecomemessedup.

Second,areporterdoesnothaveanythinglastingtoshowforwhathedoes-thereisnoshelfofbooks,no

studiofullofpaintings.Hepourshislifeintosomethingwhichflickersinshadowsacrossascreenandisgone

forever.Ihaveseenpeopleinmanytelevisionjobsturnattheendofwatchingoneoftheirownprogramsandsay

somethinglike:"Well,that'sallthosedays/weeks/monthsofwork.Travelandworrysunkwithouttrace.*'Asa

wayoflifeitcomestoseemlikeblowingbubbles・—entertainingtodo,andthebubblesnumerousandprettyto

lookat,andalldifferent,butalldisappearingintothinair.

Third,thepaceoflifeistoofast.Notonlyisitdestructiveofone'sprivatelife,onedoesnotevenhavetimeto

giveproperconsiderationtothethingsoneisprofessionallyconcernedwith—notenoughtimetothink,notenough

timetoread,notenoughtimetowriteone'scommentary,prepareone'sinterviewsandsoon.Whenonedisengages

fromitandallowsone'sperceptions,thinking,readingandtheresttoproceedattheirnaturalpaceonegetsan

altogetherunfamiliarsenseofsolidarityandwell-being.

Fourth,thereporterisatthemercyofevents.ArevolutionbreaksoutinCubasoheisoffthereonthenext

plane.SomebodyshootsPresidentReagansohedropseverythingheisdoingandfliestoWashington.Heislikea

puppetpulledbystrings■一thestringsoftheworld'saffairs.Heisnotmotivatedfromwithin.Hedoesnotdecide

forhimselfwhathewouldliketodo,wherehewouldliketogo,whathewouldliketoworkon.Heisactivated

fromwithout,andhiswholelifebecomesakindofreflexaction,aseriesofhigh-pressureresponsestoexternal

stimuli.Hehasceasedtoexistasanindependentpersonality.

19.ATVreporternevermakesanin-depthstudyofasubjectbecause，

A.heusuallygetsonesideofthepicture

B.thesubjectsthathehastoattendtooftenswitchfromonetoanother

C.hedoesnotknowhowtodevelopittoitsfullscale

D.thatisthelifethatsuitshim

20.A.itisimpliedbutnotstatedthatmanypeople-.

A.knownothingabouttheworkofaTVrepor1er

B.thinkthelifeofaTVreporterdullandboring

C.haveabiasedopinionagainstthejobofaTVreporter

D.tendtounderestimatethehardpartofbeingaTVreporter

21TVreporting,accordingtothispassage,issomething.

A.profitableforapersontotakeup

B.interestingtodobutquicktofadeout

C.causingapersontoforgethispreviouswork

D.producingalastingeffect

22.ATVreporterisinmostneedof-.

A.beingamasterofhistime

B.properconsiderationofhisprofession

C.acomfortablelifeofhisown

D.disengaginghimselffromwork

23.TheactivitiesofaTVreporterarelargelygearedto-.

A.hismotivationB.hisworkingstyle

C.currentaffairsD.reflextopressures

24.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbestbegivenas-.

A.WhataTVReporterCanandCannotAccomplish

B.TheSorrowsofTVProfessionals

C.TheConfessionofaTVReporter

D.TheDrawbacksintheLifeofaTVReporter

PaperTwo

PartIVReadingandAnsweringQuestions(25minutes,10points)

Theconflictbetweenwhatinitspresentmoodthepublicexpectssciencetoachieveinsatisfactionofpopular

hopesandwhatisreallyinitspowerisaseriousmatterbecause,evenifthetruescientistsshouldallrecognizethe

limitationsofwhattheycandointhefieldofhumanaffairs,solongasthepublicexpectsmoretherewillalways

besomewhowillpretend,andperhapshonestlybelieve,thattheycandomoretomeetpopulardemandsthanis

reallyintheirpower.Itisoftendifficultenoughfortheexpert,andcellainlyinmanyinstancesimpossibleforthe

layman,todistinguishbetweenlegitimateandillegitimateclaimsadvancedinthenameofscience.Theenormous

publicityrecentlygivenbythemediatoareportpronouncinginthenameofscienceofTheLimitstoGrowth,and

thesilenceofthesamemediaaboutthedevastatingcriticismthisreporthasreceivedfromthecompetentexperts,

mustmakeonefeelsomewhatapprehensiveabouttheusetowhichtheprestigeofsciencecanbeput.Butitisby

nomeansonlyinthefieldofeconomicsthatfar-reachingclaimsaremadeonbehalfofamorescientificdirection

ofallhumanactivitiesandthedesirabilityofreplacingspontaneousprocessesby"conscioushumancontrol”.

IfIamnotmistaken,psychology,psychiatryandsomebranchesofsociology,nottospeakabouttheso-called

philosophyofhistory,areevenmoreaffectedbywhatIhavecalledthescientisticprejudice,andbyspecious

claimsofwhatsciencecanachieve.

Questions:

Whatisthemainthoughtofthepassage?Whatshouldbeourcorrectattitudetowardsscience?

回答该项问题一般要注意，第一问主要是结合文章回答问题，可以或多或少的引用文中内容回答，第二问

主要是考察我们研究生对某个现象的认识。所以在此就不提供答案了

PartIV.TranslationE-C:

Languagewastheprincipalmeansusedbyhumanbeingstocommunicatewithoneanother.Althoughitwas

primarilyspoken,itcouldbetransferredtoothermedia,suchaswriting.Theimmensemeritoflanguagewasthatit

madepossiblethetransmissionofexperience.Whathadbeenlearnedinonegenerationcouldbepassedonwhole

tothenext.Instructioncouldinlargemeasurereplacepersonalexperience.Writing,evenmorethanspeech,made

possiblethecreationofastorehouseofknowledge,andthesupplementationofmemorybymeansofrecords.It

wasthisfacilityofpreservingwhatindividualshadfoundoutthat,morethananythingelse,madehumanprogress

possible.

Keytoit

参考答案：语言是人类彼此交流的主要手段。尽管语言主要通过说话来表达，它也可以转换成其他方式

进行，如文字表达。语言比较大的优点就是它能够使经验得到传播。一代人所学得东西可以完整无缺地传

给下一代。教学在很大程度上可以替代个人经验。文字甚至比话语更有助于人类建设知识宝库，它还能通

过记录的手段辅助记忆。在这一代人所学的东西可以完整的传递给下一代。教学在很大程度上可以传递个

人的经历。正是有了这种积累个人经验的便利条件，才使人类的进步成为可能。

PartV.TranslationC-E

,从心理上以及实际上说，地球上已没有边远地方了。当朋友去了曾被认为是遥远的国家时，我们不可能

再有父辈那种生离死别的感觉。由于全球通讯网络，要见到远在地球另一侧的朋友就同与本城那一头的朋

友讲话般地容易。

Keytoit

Psychologicallyaswellasphysically,therearenomoreremoteplacesonearth.Whenafriendleavesfor

whatwasafarcountry,wecannotfeelthesamefeelingofirrevocableseparationthatsaddenedour

forefathers.Thankstogloballycommunicationnetwork,wewillbeabletoseefriendsonthefarsideof

earthaseasilyaswetalktothemontheothersideofthetown.

PartVIWriting

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionentitled

"CompetitionandChallenge^innoless200words.

TEST2

PartIListeningComprehension

Section1,Conversation(10minutes,10points)

PartIIClozeTest(10minutes,15points)

Thereligionsoftheworldhaveproducedgreatbooks,withgreatlessonstoteach.Ifwefollowed

36iswritteninthebooks,theworldwouldcertainlybeabetterplace.37-mostpeople,evenso-called

“religious“people,donot38_followthepathsofgoodnessandrighteousnesssobeautifullydescribed

bytheirreligion.

Tomanypeople,thehouseof39(church,forexample)ismoreaplaceto40_thananythingelse.

Theycometoseeandtotalktotheirfriends,toshow41__theirfineclothes.Theycomebecausepeople

wouldtalk*'42_theydidn'tcome.Theycometobeentertainedbythe43_orrabbi,whotellsinteresting

storiesandreadsbeautifulwords,ortohearthebeautifulsongsofthe44_.Theycometoeat,drink,and

be45_.Theydonotcometolearnhowtoliveabetterlife.

Sometimesgoingtochurchcan46_one'sfeelingsofpride.Peoplearetoldofthegreathistoryof

theirgroup,ofhowtheirgroupsufferedhardshipinthepast,47_eventuallyprevailedovertheenemy.

Theyare48_onthegoodtheyhavedoneandonthegoodtheirchurchhasdone.Theycontribute

moneytofeedone49_familyinAfricaortopayforascholarshipsothatonepoorchildcangotothe

countryforasummer,andtheyfeelreassuredthattheyhavedone50thattheyshouldtomaketheworld

abetterplace.

36.A.whichB.whatC.howD.that

37.UnfortunatelyB.UndoubtedlyC.RoughlyD.Obviously

38.A.passivelyB.trulyC.eventuallyD.inevitably

39.A.worshipB.assemblyC.ceremonyD.convention

40.A.confessB.socializeC.exchangeD.converse

41)A.aroundB.upC.offD.over

42A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.for

43A.laymanB.ministerC.churchgoerD.convert

44A.auditoriumB.symphonyC.orchestraD.chorus

45A.merryB.gloomyC.mercifulD.sober

46.A.confirmB.obscureC.concealD.suppress

47.A.butB.thereforeC.andD.thus

48.A.illustratedB.congratulatedC.evaluatedD.excluded

49.A.minorityB.hungryC.disabledD.illegal

.50A.suchB.soC.allD.that

PartIIIReading

PassageOne

TheurgetoexploreisinnateinMan.Whereverhisimaginationwanders,Manseeksalsotogo.

Alargepartofhistoryisconcernedwiththeexplorationoftheworldinwhichwelive.Timeandagainmenhave

setoutwithamazingcourageandresolutiontoprobeintounknownregionsandlands.Theycrossedtheseasin

flimsyboats,traversedcontinents,scaledmountains,foughttheirwaythroughjunglesandswamps,endureduntold

hardships---alltoexplore,toseewhathadnotyetbeenseen,tomakeknowntheunknown.NordidManconfine

hismovementstothesurfaceoflandandsea.Withkites,balloonsandaircraftheleftthegroundtorangethrough

theloweratmosphere.Nowouterspacereceiveshisattention.

Thehardwaytoanswerthequestion-whyshouldManbotheraboutconqueringspace・・・istoattempttolist

thespecificpracticalbenefitsthatwillresult.Oneknows,frompastexperienceinotherareas,thatManwillsurely

seeanddiscovernewthingsinspace,thatwillincreaseourstoreofscientificknowledge,andthisnewknowledge

willfinditswayintovaluablepracticaluses.WhatwelearnaboutManhimself,fromhisexperienceinspace,and

fromtheeffectsofspaceandthespaceflightenvironmentonhim,willbeinvaluable.Thenewtechniques

developedtocarryouttheexplorationofspace,andtokeepmenaliveinspace,willinevitablyfindtheirwayinto

valuablepracticalusesineverydayliving.Theareasthatwillbenefitaremanifold.Theyincludecommunications,

generationofpower,transportationandtravel,foodproduction,conservationofresources,navigation,human

comfortandwelfare,biologyandmedicine,materials,fuelsandmanyothers.Buttostatespecificallyjustwhatthe

practicaloutcomeswillbeisvirtuallyimpossible.

1.Explorationoftheunknown-.

A.oftenresultsinMan'spowerofimagination

B.isnotcommonthroughouthumanhistory

C.isgenerallysoughtafterbymenwithcourageandstrength

D.isdeeplyrootedintheinstinctofMan

2.WhichofthefollowingbestsketchestheprocessofMan'sprobeintotheunknownworld?

A..Surfaceoftheearth,theairandspace.

B.Water,mountainsandforests,swamps.

C.Communications,transportationandconservation.

D.Urge,imaginationandcourage.

3.Thebenefitsofspaceexplorationarebasicallysomething-.

A.well-specifiedB.hypotheticalC.practicalD.inevitable

4.Accordingtothispassage,thevalueofexploringtheouterspacewillultimatelyliein

A.itstestimonyofMan'scourageandresolution

B.theknowledgeitmayhelpustogainaboutourearth

C.theresultsitmaybringaboutintheinterestsofMan

D.Man'smasteryoftechniquestoflyandstayaliveinspace

5.FromthispassagewecanconcludethatManshouldhaveconfidenceinexploringspacebecause-.

A.wehavedirectedourattentiontotherightobjectofstudy

B.wehaveaccumulatedexperiencefromprevioussuccessesinotherfields

C.wehavefoundthecorrectanswertothequestionofwhyManshouldbotheraboutconqueringspace

D.wehavealreadymadeitpossibleforpeopletobenefitfromthisendeavor

6.Theideasexpressedinthispassagecanwellbeusedinanargument-.

A.infavorofcriticismsonspaceexploration

B.againstspendingmillionsofmoneyonspaceprojects

C.supportiveofparallelingman'sconquestofnaturewiththatofspace

D.tojustifyspaceexplorationwithitsfar-reachingsignifica.tlceinman'slife

PassageTwo

ThesignsofthedegenerationofAmericansocietyandofWesterncivilizationarealltooplain:declining

educationalstandards,risingcrime,disintegratingfamiliesandrecordrateofsuicideamongtheyoung.

Able-bodiedbeggarshavebecomeacommonsightincitiesfromSanFranciscotoWashington,aswellasin

LondonandParis..

MurdersinvolvinggunsinNewYorkCityarenowmorethan30timeswhattheywerehalfacenturyago.Racial

polarizationhasbecomefarmorecommononcollegecampusesthanitwas20yearsago,andseparateliving

arrangementshavebeencreatedbycollegeadministratorswhoneverthelessproclaimtheirdevotionto"diversity11.

OfficialirresponsibilityinWashingtonissymbolizedbythesoaringnationaldebt---duringadecadewhen

governmentrevenuesd