英语阅读训练材料

阅读训练材料

WordStudy

ContextClues

Althoughthereisnoformulathatyoucanmemorizetoimproveyourabilityto

guessthemeaningofunfamiliarwords,youshouldkeepthefollowingpointsinmind:

1.Usethemeaningsoftheotherwordsinthesentence(orparagraph)andthemeaning

ofthesentenceasawholetoreducethenumberofpossiblemeanings.

2.Usegrammarandpunctuationcluesthatpointtotherelationshipsamongthevarious

partsofthesentence.

3.Becontentwithageneralideaabouttheunfamiliarword;theexactdefinitionor

synonymisnotalwaysnecessary.

4.Learntorecognizesituationsinwhichitisnotnecessarytoknowthemeaningofthe

word

Example

1.Iremovedthe____fromtheshelfandbegantoread.

2.Harveyisathief;hewould____thegoldfromhisgrandmother'steethandnot

feelguilty.

3.Ourunclewasa____,anincurablewandererwhonevercouldstayinoneplace.

4.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Hogarttyisquite____.

5.TheAsian____,likeotherapes,isspeciallyadaptedforlifeintrees.

6.Butsurelyeveryoneknowsthatifyousteponanegg,itwill____.

7.Tomgotanew____forhisbirthday.Itisasportsmodel,red,withwhiteinterior

andbucketseats.

StemsandAffixes

Prefixes

com-,con-,col-,cor-,co­together,withcooperate,connect

in-,ira-,il-,ir-in,into,oninvade,insert

in-,im-,il-,ir-notimpolite,illegal

micro-smallmicroscope,microcomputer

pre-beforeprepare,prehistoric

re-,retro-back;againreturn,retrorocket

Stems

-audi-,-audit-hearauditorium,auditor

-chron-timechronology,chronological

-dic-,-dict-say,speakdictator,dictation

-graph-,-gram-write,writingtelegraph,telegram

-log-,-ology-speech,word,studybiology

-phon-soundtelephone

-scrib-,-script-writedescribe,script

-spect-lookatinspect,spectator

-vid-,-vis-seevideo,vision

Suffixes

-er,-oronewhoworker,spectator

-istonewhotypist,biologist

-tion,-ationcondition,theactofaction,celebration

Exercise1

1.Ineachitem,selectthebestdefinitionoftheitalicizedword.

a.Helosthisspectacles.

____1.glasses____3.pants

____2.gloves____4.shoes

b.Hedrewconcentriccircles.

____1.OO____3.

____2.____4.

c.Heinspectedtheirwork.

____1.spokehighlyof____3.examinedclosely

2.didnotexamine4.didnotlike

2.Circlethewordswherein-meansnot.Watchout;therearefalsenegativesinthislist.

injectinsideinsaneinspect

invaluableinflammableinactiveinvisible

Exercise2

Wordanalysiscanhelpyoutoguessthemeaningofunfamiliarwords.Usingcontextcluesand

whatyouknowaboutwordparts,writeasynonym,description,ordefinitionoftheitalicized

words.

1.___________________ThedoctoraskedMartintoinhaledeeplyandholdhisbreath

fbr10seconds.

2.__________________Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.

3.___________________Threenewspaperreporterscollaboratedinwritingthisseries

ofarticles.

4.___________________Callingmyprofessorbyherfirstnameseemstooinformalto

me.

5.___________________ItisJoe'spredictionthatbytheyear2000therewillbe

femalepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

6.___________________Historiansusetheinscriptionsonthewallsofancienttemples

toguidethemintheirstudies.

7.__________________YoucannotsignupforaclassthefirstdayitmeetsinSeptember;

youmustpreregisterinAugust.

8.___________________Afterhislongillness,hedidn'trecognizehisownreflectionin

themirror.

9._________________Idictatedthelettertomysecretaryoverthephone.

10._________________I'msendingasampleofmyhandwritingtoagraphologistwho

sayshecanuseittoanalyzemypersonality.

DifficultSentence

Readthefollowingsentencescarefully.Thequestionsthatfollowaredesignedtoyou're

yourcomprehensionofcomplexgrammaticalstructures.Selectthebestanswer.

Example

Thestudentrevoltisnotonlyathorninthesideofthepresident'snewlyestablished

government,butithasinternationalimplicationsaswell.

Whomorwhatdoesthisrevoltaffect?

____a.thestudents

____b.thesideofthepresident'sbody

____c.onlythenationalgovernment

____d.nationalandinternationalaffairs

Explanation

____a.Accordingtothesentence,thestudentsarethecauseofcertainevents,notthose

affected.

____b.Althoughyoumaynothavebeenfamiliarwiththeidiomathorninsomeone's

side,contextcluesshouldhavetoldyouthatthisphrasemeansaproblemand

doesnotactuallyrefertothesideofthepresident'sbody.

____c.Nationalgovernmentisanincompleteanswer.Theconstructionnotonly..,

but...aswellshouldtellyouthatmorethanoneelementisinvolved.The

president'snewlyestablishedgovernment(thenationalgovernment)isnotthe

onlyareaaffectedbytherevolt.

____d.Therevoltaffectsbothnationalandinternationalaffairs.

1.IdisagreedthenasnowwithmanyofJohnSmith'sjudgments,butalwaysrespected

him,andthisbookisawelcomereminderofhisbig,honest,friendly,stubborn

personality.

HowdoestheauthorofthissentencefeelaboutJohnSmith?

____a.Hedislikeshimbutagreeswithhisideas.

____b.Heconsidershimtobeadisagreeableperson.

____c.Hedisagreeswithhisideasbutrespectshim.

____d.Hedisagreedwithhimthenbutagreeswithhimnow.

2.Conceptslikepassivity,dependence,andaggressionmayneedfurtherresearchif

theyaretocontinuetobeusefulwaysofthinkingabouthumanpersonalities.

Whatmightrequiremoreresearch?

____a.humanthoughtprocesses

____b.certainconcepts

____c.humanpersonalities

____d.usefulwaysofthinking

3.Inorderforyoutofollowtheschedulesetbythepublisher,yourpapermustbelooked

overovertheweekend,revised,andhandedininitsfinalformonMonday.

WhatmustyoudoonSaturdayandSunday?

____a.meetthepublisher____c.handinapaper

____b.examineyourpaper____d.lookovertheweekend

4.Therealreasonwhypriceswere,andstillare,toohighiscomplicated,andnoshort

discussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.

Whatwordorphrasebestdescribesprices?

____a.complicated____c.toohighinthepast,butlownow

____b.adequatelyexplained____d.toohighinthepastandinthepresent

5.Thisisnotjustasad-but-truestory;theboy*sexperienceishorribleanddamaging,yet

asenseofloveshinesthrougheveryword.

Howdoestheauthorofthissentencefeelaboutthestory?

____a.Ittransmitsasenseoflove.

____b.Itisjustsad.

____c.Itisnottrue.

____d.Itishorribleanddamaging.

6.Inthepastfiveyearsthemovementhasgrownfromunorganizedgroupsofpoorly

armedindividualstoacomparativelywell-armed,well-trainedarmyofanywherefrom

10,000to16,000members.

Whatisthepresentconditionofthismovement?

____a.Themembersarepoorlyarmed.

____b.Thereareonlyafewpoorindividuals.

____c.Thereareover16,000members.

____d.Themembersareorganizedandwellarmed.

7.Thefinancialsituationisn'tbadyet,butwebelievethatwehavesomevital

informationand,ifitiscorrect,unemploymentwillsoonbecomeaseriousproblem.

Whatdoweknowaboutthefinancialsituation?

____a.Itwon'tchange.

____b.Itwillbecomeaseriousproblem.

____c.Itisnotbadnow.

____d.Itwillimprove.

8.Thegeneralthenadded,“Theonlyreasonablesolutiontothesortofproblemscaused

bythecurrentunstablepoliticalsituationisoneofdiplomacyandeconomicmeasures

andnottheuseofmilitaryforce.”

Whattypeofsolutiondoesthegeneralsupport?

____a.economicanddiplomaticaction

____b.diplomaticandeconomic,actionifmilitaryforcefails

____c.onlydiplomaticaction

____d.militaryactionsinresponsetopoliticalproblems

9.Becausethesupplyofnaturalgaswasplentifulincomparisontootherchoiceslike

coalandfueloil,andbecauseitburnscleaner,manypeoplechangedtheirheating

systemstonaturalgas,therebycreatingshortages.

Whydidpeopleprefergas?

____a.Itwasnatural.

____b.Therewerenootherchoices.

____c.Theotherfuelsweredirtierandlessplentiful.

____d.Thereis,eventoday,aplentifulsupplyofit.

10.MydiscoveryofTillieOlsenwasagiftfromafriend;yearsagoshegavemehercopy

ofTellMeaRiddlebecauseshelikedthestoriesandwantedtosharetheexperience.

WhatdoweknowaboutTillieOlsen?

____a.Sheisafriend.

__b.Shelikesstories.

____c.Shegivesgifts.

____d.Sheisanauthor.

MainIdea

Example

BythetimethefirstEuropeantravelersontheAmericancontinentbegantorecord

someoftheirobservationsaboutIndians,theCherokeepeoplehaddevelopedanadvanced

culturethatprobablywasexceededonlybythecivilizedtribesoftheSouthwest:Mayan

andAztecgroups.ThesocialstructuresoftheCherokeepeopleconsistedofaformofclan

kinshipinwhichthereweresevenrecognizedclans.Allmembersofaclanwereconsidered

bloodbrothersandsistersandwereboundbyhonortodefendanymemberofthatclan

fromwrong.Eachclan,theBird,Paint,Deer,Wolf,Blue,LongHair,andWildPotato,was

representedinthecivilcouncilbyacouncilororcouncillors.Thechiefofthetribewas

selectedfromoneoftheseclansanddidnotinherithisofficefromhiskinsmen.Actually,

thereweretwochiefs,aPeacechiefandWarchief.ThePeacechiefservedwhenthetribe

wasatpeace,buttheminutewarwasdeclared,theWarchiefwasincommand.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.

____a.TheCherokeechiefwasdifferentinwartimethaninpeacetime.

____b.BeforethearrivaloftheEuropeanstheCherokeeshaddevelopeda

well-organizedsociety.

____c.TheMayansandtheAztecswerepartoftheCherokeetribe.

____d.SeveralIndiancultureshaddevelopedadvancedcivilizationsbefore

Europeansarrive

Explanation

____a.Thisisnotthemainidea.Rather,itisoneofseveralexamplestheauthoruses

tosupporthisstatementthattheCherokeepeoplehaddevelopedan

advancedculture.

____b.Thisstatementexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.Allothersentences

intheparagraphareexamplessupportingtheideathattheCherokeeshad

developedanadvancedculturebythetimeEuropeansarrivedonthe

continent.

____c.Thisstatementisfalse,soitcannotbethemainidea.

____d.Thisstatementistoogeneral.Theparagraphdescribesthesocialstructureof

theCherokeepeopleonly.AlthoughtheauthornamesotheradvancedIndiancultures,

hedoesthisonlytostrengthenhisargumentthattheCherokeeshaddevelopedan

advancedculture.

Paragraph1Thefirstinventionofhumanbeingswasthewheel.Althoughnowheel

formsarefoundinnature,undoubtedlytheearliest“wheels"weresmoothlogswhich

wereusedformovingweightsovertheearth'ssurface.Noonerecordedwhoheorshe

wasorwhenithappened,butwhenthe“firstinvenlor“placedawheelonanaxle,people

begantorollfromoneplacetoanother.Recordsofthistypeofwheelhavebeenfound

amongEgyptianrelicsdatingbackto2,000B.C.andearlierChinesecivilizationsare

creditedwithindependentinventionofthesamemechanism.Thewheelsofascinatedthe

humanmindthatpeoplehavespentcenturiesbuildingmachinesaroundit;yetinover

4,000yearsitsbasicdesignhasremainedunchanged.Allaboutusweseethespinning

shafts,gears,flywheels,pulleys,androtorswhicharethedescendentsofthefirstwheel.

Theroaringpropellerofanaircraftengine,thewhirlingwheelofagiantsteamturbine,

andthehairspringofatinywatchareexamplesoftherotarymotionwhichcharacterizes

ourmechanicalworld.Itishardtoconceiveofcontinuousmotionwithoutthewheel.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.

____a.Thewheelisusedtodayinindustryandtransportation.

____b.Oneofhumanbeings1firstinventions,thewheel,hasremainedimportantfor

years.

____c.Thebasicdesignofthewheelhasbeenchangedtomeettheneedsofindustrial

society.

____d.Althoughwedon'tknowexactlywhoinventedthewheel,itisevidentthat

EgyptiansandChineseuseditabout4,000yearsago.

Paragraph2AttheUniversityofKansasartmuseum,investigatorstestedtheeffects

ofdifferentcoloredwallsontwogroupsofvisitorstoanexhibitofpaintings.Forthe

firstgrouptheroomwaspaintedwhite;forthesecond,darkbrown.Movementofeach

groupwasfollowedbyanelectricalsystemunderthecarpet.Theexperimentrevealed

thatthosewhoenteredthedarkbrownroomwalkedmorequickly,coveredmorearea,

andspentlesstimeintheroomthanthepeopleinthewhiteenvironment.Darkbrown

stimulatedmoreactivity,buttheactivityendedsooner.Notonlythechoiceofcolorsbut

alsothegeneraappearanceofaroomcommunicatesandinfluencesthoseinside.Another

experimentpresentedsubjectswithphotographsoffacesthatweretoberatedintermsof

energyandwell-being.Threegroupsofsubjectswereused;eachwasshownthesame

photos,buteachgroupwasinadifferentkindofroom.Onegroupwasinan"ugly”

roomthatresembledamessystoreroom.Anothergroupwasinanaverageroom—anice

office.Thethirdgroupwasinatastefullydesignedlivingroomwithcarpetingand

drapes.Resultsshowedthatthesubjectsinthebeautifulroomtendedtogivehigher

ratingstothefacesthandidthoseintheuglyroom.Otherstudiessuggestthatstudents

dobetterteststakenincomfortable,attractiveroomsthaninordinary-lookingugly

rooms.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph

____a.Peopleinbeautifulroomstendtogivehigherratingstophotographsoffacesthan

peopleinuglyrooms.

____b.Thecolorandgeneralappearanceofaroominfluencethebehaviorandattitudes

ofthepeopleinit

____c.TheUniversityofKansashasstudiedtheeffectsofthecolorofaroomon

people'sbehavior.

____d.Beautifullydecorated,light-coloredroomsmakepeoplemorecomfortablethan

ugly,darkrooms.

Paragraph3Teachingissupposedtobeaprofessionalactivityrequiringlongand

complicatedtrainingaswellasofficialcertification.Theactofteachingislookedupon

asaflowofknowledgefromahighersourcetoanemptycontainer.Thestudent'sroleis

oneofreceivinginformation;theteacher'sroleisoneofsendingit.Thereisaclear

distinctionassumedbetweenonewhoissupposedtoknow(andthereforenotcapableof

beingwrong)andanother,usuallyyoungerpersonwhoissupposednottoknow.

However,teachingneednotbetheprovinceofaspecialgroupofpeoplenorneeditbe

lookeduponasatechnicalskill.Teachingcanbemorelikeguidingandassistingthan

forcinginformationintoasupposedlyemptyhead.Ifyouhaveacertainskillyoushould

beabletoshareitwithsomeone.Youdonothavetogetcertifiedtoconveywhatyou

knowtosomeoneelseortohelpthemintheirattempttoteachthemselves.Allofus,

fromtheveryyoungestchildrentotheoldestmembersofourculturesshouldcometo

realizeourownpotentialasteachers.Wecansharewhatweknow,howeverlittleit

mightbe,withsomeonewhohasneedofthatknowledgeskill.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.

____a.Theauthorbelievesthatitisnotdifficulttobeagoodteacher.

____b.Theauthorbelievesthateverypersonhasthepotentialtobeateacher.

____c.Theauthorbelievesthatteachingisaprofessionalactivityrequiringspecial

training.

____d.Theauthorbelievesthatteachingistheflowofknowledgefromahighersource

toanemptycontainer.

Paragraph4AlbertEinsteinonceattributedthecreativityofafamousscientisttothefact

thathe"neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely."Thereis

undoubtedlytruthinEinstein'sobservation;manyartistsandgeniusesseemtoviewtheir

schoolingadisadvantage.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.Itisfunctionofschools

tocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysalonelyindividualwhetherhisorher

pioneeringbeinamusic,science,ortechnology.Thecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandsshares

withthegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribedastheHfacultyofperceivinginanunhabitual

way.*'Insofarasschoolsteachperceptualpatternstheytendtodestroycreativityandgenius.But

ifschoolscouldsomehowexistsolelytocultivategenius,thensocietywouldbreakdown.For

thesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtraitsthataredestructiveto

creativity.Therewillalwaysbeconflictbetweenthedemandsofsocietyandtheimpulsesof

creativityandgenius.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.

____a.AlbertEinsteinandothergeniusesandartistshavesaidthatschoolslimitcreativityand

genius.

____b.Schoolsshouldbedesignedtoencouragecreativity.

____c.Explorerscanbecomparedtogeniusesbecausebothgroupslookaltheworlddifferently

fromthewaymostpeopledo.

____d.Schoolscanneversatisfytheneedsofbothgeniusesandsocietyasawhole.

Paragraph5Perhapsthemoststartlingtheorytocomeoutofkinesics,thestudyofbody

movement,wassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistelHebelievesthatphysicalappearance

isoftenculturallyprogrammed.Inotherwords,welearnourlooks-wearenotbornwith

them.Ababyhasgenerallyunformedfacialfeatures.Ababy,accordingtoBirdwhistell,

learnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound—familyandfriends.Thishelps

explainwhythepeopleofsomeregionsoftheUnitedStatesloOksomuchalike.New

EnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacialcharacteristicsthatcannotbe

explainedbygenetics.Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirth,itislearnedafter.In

fact,thefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafterpermanentteethareset.Formany,

thiscanbewellintoadolescence.Ahusbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometo

looksomewhatalike.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyina

singlecountrythereareareaswherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.Inthe

UnitedStates,forexample,theSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemost

frequently.InNewEnglandtheysmileless,andinthewesternpanofNewYorkstatestill

less.ManySouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendly,partlybecause

peopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlanta,Georgia.

Peopleindenselypopulatedurbanareasalsotendtosmileandgreeteachotherinpublicless

thandopeopleinruralareasandsmalltowns.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph.

___a.RayBirdwhistellcantellwhatregionoftheUnitedStatesapersonisfrombyhow

muchheorshesmiles.

b.RayBirdwhistellisaleaderinthefieldofkinesics.

c.RayBirdwhistellsaysthatourphysicalappearanceisinfluencedbytheappearanceof

peoplearoundus.

d.Peoplewholiveinthecountryaremorefriendlythanpeoplewholiveindensely

populatedareas

Paragraph6Inanyarchaeologicalstudythatincludesadig,theproceduresarebasicallythe

same:1)selectingasite2)hiringlocalworkers3)surveyingthesiteanddividingitinto

sections4)diggingtrenchestolocatelevelsandplacestoexcavate5)mappingarchitectural

features6)developingacodingsystemthatshowstheexactspotwhereanobjectisfound7)

andrecording,tagging,cleaningandstoringexcavatedmaterials.NeilsonC.Debevoise,

writingonanexpeditiontoIraqintheearly1930's,describedthetypical“route”of

excavatedpottery.Workersreportedanobjecttostaffmembersbeforeremovingitfromthe

ground.Thedate,level;locationandotherimportantinformationwerewrittenonapieceof

paperandplacedwiththeobject.Atnoontheobjectswerebroughtinfromthefieldtothe

registryroomwheretheyweregivenapreliminarycleaning.Registrynumberswerewritten

withwaterproofIndiainkonaportionoftheobjectpreviouslypaintedwithshellac.The

shellacpreventedtheinkfromsoakingintotheobject,furnishedagoodwritingsurface,and

madeitpossibletoremovethenumberinamoment.Fromtheregistryroomobjectswere

senttothedraftingdepartment.Ifaclaypot,forexample,wasofanewtype,ascale

drawingwasmadeongraphpaperMeasurementsofthetop,greatestdiameter,base,height,

coloroftheglaze,ifany,thequalityandtextureofthebodyandthequalityofthe

workmanshipwererecordedonpaperwiththedrawing.Whenthedraftingdepartmenthad

completeditsworkthematerialswereplacedonthestorageshelves,groupedaccordingto

typefordivisionwiththeIraqgovernmentandeventuallyshippedtomuseums.Today,the

stepsofadigremainbasicallythesame,althoughspecifictechniquesvary.

Selectthestatementthatbestexpressesthetnainideaoftheparagraph.

___a.Foranumberofyears,archaeologistshaveusedbasicallythesameprocedure

whenconductingadig.

____b.NeilsonC.Debevoisedevelopedthecommonlyacceptedprocedwefororganizingadig.

c.Archaeologiststakegreatcaretoassurethatallexcavatedobjectsareproperly

identified.

____d.Agreatdealofimportanthistoricalandarchaeologicalinformationcanbeprovidedbya

dig.

RestatementandInference

SentenceStudy

Eachsentencebelowisfollowedbyfivestatements.Thestatementsareoffourtypes:

1.Someofthestatementsarerestatementsoftheoriginalsentence.Theygivethesame

informationinadifferentway.

2.Someofthestatementsareinferences(conclusions)thatcanbedrawnfromtheinformation

givenintheoriginalsentence.

3.Someofthestatementsarefalsebasedontheinformationgiven.

4.Someofthestatementscannotbejudgedtrueorfalsebasedontheinformationgiveninthe

originalsentence.

Putacheck(/)nexttoallrestatementsandinferences(types1and2).Note:donotchecka

statementthatistrueofitselfbutcannotbeinferredfromthesentencegiven.

ExampleHeavysmokersanddrinkersrunafifteen-timesgreaterriskof

developingcancerofthe.mouthandthroatthannonsmokersand

nondrinkers.

a.Cancerofthemouthandthroatismorelikelytooccurinheavysmokersanddrinkerthan

innonsmokersandnondrinkers.

_____b.Peoplewhoneverdrinkandsmokewillnotgetmouthorthroatcancel：

c.Heavydrinkerswhorunhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthannondrinkers.

d.Peoplewhodon'tsmokeanddrinkhavelesschanceofgettingcancerofthemouthand

throatthanthosewhosmoke,anddrinkheavily.

e.Peoplewouldprobablybehealthieriftheydidnotdrinkandsmoketoomuch.

Explanation

_____a.Thisisarestatementoftheoriginalsentence.Ifheavysmokersanddrinkersrunagreater

riskofdevelopingcancerthanthosewhodonotdrinkorsmoke,thencancerismore

likelytooccurinheavysmokersanddrinkers.

b.Itisnottruethatpeoplewhoneversmokeanddrinkwillnevergetmouthorthroat

cancer.Weonlyknowthattheyarelesslikelytogetthiskindofcancer.

_____c.Thewordrunintheoriginalsentenceispartofthephrasetorunariskwhichmeansto

beindanger.Thesentencedoesnottellusanythingaboutheavydrinkerswhoenjoythe

sportofrunning.

d.Thisisarestatementoftheoriginalsentence.Ifpeoplewhodrinkandsmokeheavily

haveagreaterchanceofgettingmouthandthroatcancerthanthosewhodon't,thenit

mustbetruethatthosewhodon'tsmokeanddrinkheavilyhavelesschanceof

developingthiskindofcancer.

e.Thisisaninferencethatcanbedrawnfromtheinformationgiven.Ifpeoplewhosmoke

anddrinkheavilyrunahighriskofdevelopingcancer,thenwecaninferthatpeople

probablywouldbehealthierfftheydidn'tsmokeanddrinktoomuch(heavily).

1.Nineoutoftendoctorsrespondingtoasurveysaidtheyrecommendourproducttotheir

patientsiftheyrecommendanything.

a.Nineoutoftendoctorsrecommendtheproduct.

b.Ofthedoctorswhorespondedtoasurvey,nineoutoftendoctorsrecommendthe

product.

c.Iftheyrecommendanything,nineoutoftendoctorsrespondingtoasurvey

recommendtheproduct.

d.Mostdoctorsrecommendtheproduct.

e.Wedon'tknowhowmanydoctorsrecommendtheproduct.

2.Thisorganizationmaysucceedmarvelousl