2023考博英语模拟63(考卷附答案)

2012考博英语模拟63（考卷）一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:OneofthemainreasonsfortheriseincybercrimeistheanonymityprovidedtheInternet.Criminalscanhidetheiridentitiesbehindfakeonlineprofilesanduseencryptiontechniquestocovertheirtracks.Thismakesitdifficultforlawenforcementagenciestocatchthem.AnotherfactorcontributingtothegrowthofcybercrimeisthelackofawarenessamongInternetusers.ManypeoplearenotawareoftherisksassociatedwithusingtheInternetandfailtotakenecessaryprecautions.Forexample,theymayuseweakpasswordsorfallforphishingscams.1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?B.TheInternethasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.C.CybercrimeisaseriousproblemontheInternet.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaformofcybercrime?B.Stealingpersonalinformation.C.Identitytheft.D.Distributinglegalmaterials.3.Whyisitdifficulttocatchcybercriminals?A.Theyarehighlyskilled.B.Theycanhidetheiridentitiesonline.C.Theyuseencryptiontechniques.D.Alloftheabove.4.WhatisthelackofawarenessamongInternetusers?A.TheyarenotawareoftherisksassociatedwithusingtheInternet.B.Theyknowhowtoprotectthemselvesonline.C.Theyusestrongpasswords.D.Theycaneasilyidentifyphishingscams.A.Improvingcybersecurity.B.EducatingInternetusersaboutonlinesafety.C.Strengtheninglawsandregulations.D.Alloftheabove.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingissuesfacingtheworldtoday.Itreferstolongtermchangesintemperature,precipitation,windpatterns,andotheraspectsoftheEarth'sclimatesystem.Theprimarycauseofclimatechangeistheincreaseingreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxideandmethane,intheatmosphere.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefarreachingandincluderisingsealevels,moreextremeweatherevents,andthelossofbiodiversity.Thesechangesposesignificantriskstohumanhealth,foodsecurity,andwaterresources.Toaddressclimatechange,governmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldareworkingtowardsreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheadoptionofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,andtheimplementationofenergyefficienttechnologies.However,somepeoplearguethatthecostsofmitigatingclimatechangearetoohighandthatitisnotfeasibletoachievesignificantreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.Theybelievethatadaptingtotheimpactsofclimatechangeisamorepracticalapproach.6.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechange?A.Deforestation.B.Greenhousegases.C.Solarradiation.D.Volcaniceruptions.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaconsequenceofclimatechange?A.Risingsealevels.B.Moreextremeweatherevents.C.Lossofbiodiversity.D.Improvedairquality.8.Whatistheprimarygoalofreducinggreenhousegasemissions?A.Topreventclimatechange.B.Toreducetheuseoffossilfuels.C.Topromoteeconomicgrowth.D.Toprotecthumanhealth.9.Whichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.Coal.B.Naturalgas.C.Solarpower.D.Nuclearpower.10.Whatisthealternativeapproachtomitigatingclimatechange?A.Adaptingtotheimpactsofclimatechange.B.Ignoringtheproblem.C.Continuingtousefossilfuels.D.Noneoftheabove.SectionB一、阅读理解答案SectionA1.B2.D3.D4.A5.D6.B7.D8.A9.C10.ASectionB（答案略）1.理论基础知识点分类（1）互联网与网络安全（2）气候变化与环境保护（3）可再生能源与能源效率2.各题型知识点详解及示例（1）阅读理解考察学生的词汇理解、长难句分析、逻辑推理和主旨大意把握能力。示例：第一篇文章主要讨论互联网的阴暗面——网络犯罪，学生需要通过细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意把握，选出正确答案。（2）事实细节题考察学生对文章中具体事实和细节的捕捉能力。示例：第二篇文章中，问题7要求学生找出不是气候变化后果的选项，正确答案为D（改善空气质量）。（3）推理判断题考察学生根据文章内容进行推理和判断的能力。示例：第一篇文章中，问题3要求学生分析为什么难以抓捕网络犯罪分子，正确答案为D（所有上述原因）。（4）主旨大意题考察学生对文章整体框架和主旨大意的把握能力。示例：第一篇文章中，问题1要求学生概括第一段的主要思想，正确答案为B（互联网既有积极面也有消极面）。（5）词义猜测题考察学生根据上下文理解生词的能力。示例：（本题试卷未涉及，但为常见题型）三、各题型考察学生知识点示例（1）词汇理解：通过阅读文章，学生需要理解并正确使用词汇，如“cybercrime”（网络犯罪）、“greenhousegases”（温室气体）等。（2）长难句分析：学生需要分析并理