英语教学综合专硕考研王蔷《英语教学法教程》考研真题集

英语教学综合专硕考研王蔷《英语教学法教程》考研

真题集

一、语言和语言学习

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.AccordingtothetheoryrepresentedbyVygotsky,learningis

bestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherand

thelearnerandbetweenlearners.（山东师范大学2018研）

【答案】socio-constructivist!

【解析】本题考查的是社会建构主义理论的观点。以维果茨基为代表的

社会建构主义理论认为学习的最佳途径是师生之间以及学生之间的活跃互动。

2.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasasystembutalsoa

meansfordoingthings.（安徽师范大学2015研）

【答案】linguistic!

【解析】本题考查的是功能主义语言理论。该种语言理论不仅将语言视

作语言系统，还将它看作一种方法。

3.Thereareatleastthreetheoreticalviewsoflanguageandthenatureof

languageproficiency.Thefirstis,thesecondisandthethird

is.（天津师范大学2012研）

【答案】structuralview,functionalview,interactionalview!

【解析】本题考查的是语言理论。语言理论有三种，分别是结构主义语

言理论、功能主义结构理论和交互式语言理论。

4.Theconstructivisttheorybelievesthatisaprocessinwhich

learnersconstructmeaningbasedontheirownexperiencesandwhat

theyalreadyknow.（山东师范大学2017研）

【答案】learning@~!

【解析】本题考查的是建构主义学习理论的观点。建构主义认为：学习

是学习者依据已有经验和已有知识建构意义的过程。

5.theoriesemphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontext

inwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,

thekindofinputlearnersreceive,andtheatmosphere.

【答案】Condition-oriented@~!

【解析】以（学习）条件为导向的理论注重人的本质和语言学习的物理

环境，如学生的人数，学习者接收的语言输入类型，以及学习气氛。

6.Thetheoryoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioural

psychologistSkinner.

【答案】behaviourist!

【解析】语言学习的行为主义理论是由行为主义心理学家斯金纳提出的。

7.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformof.

【答案】behaviour!

【解析】斯金纳认为，语言也是一种行为。

8.Thetermisoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhich

studentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.

【答案】cognitivism!

【解析】认知主义常用于描述那些需要学生思考而不只是重复的教学方

法。

9.AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehaviour,itisan

intricatesystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthe

learningofthissystem.

【答案】rule-based!

【解析】乔姆斯基认为，语言并不是一种行为，而是一套精密的以规则

为基础的系统，语言习得主要是学习这一系统。

10.Thetheorybelievesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthe

learnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhat

he/shealreadyknows.

【答案】constructivist@~!

【解析】建构主义认为，语言学习是学习者基于自己的知识和经验建构

意义的过程。

11.theoryemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontext.

【答案】Socio-constructivist!

【解析】社会建构主义理论注重学习者在社会环境中使用目的语进行互

动（的能力）。

12.Themostimportantandmostdifficultpartofthemakingofagood

languageteacheristhedevelopmentof.

【答案】professionalcompetence!

【解析】成为T立优秀的语言教师最重要也是最难的是职业能力的发展。

13.Wallaceusesatodemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessional

competence.

【答案】’reflectivemodel'!

【解析】华莱士采用一个"反思模型”来解释（教师）职业技能的发展。

14.Inlanguageteaching,methodologyisthestudyofthepracticesand

proceduresusedinteaching,andtheandthatunderliethem.

【答案】principles,beliefs!

【解析】语言教学的方法论是指对语言教学实践和步骤，及其背后的原

则和观念的研究。

15.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasasystembutalso

afordoingthings.

【答案】linguistic,means/tool!

【解析】功能主义语言观认为语言不仅仅是一套语言系统，还是一套做

事的工具。

16.Thewaylanguageteachersteachintheclassroomistosomeextent

influencedbythewaytheylanguages.

【答案】learned!

【解析】语言教师学习语言的方式从某种程度上影响他们的课堂教学方

式。

17.Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferent.

【答案】teachingmethodologies@~!

【解析】对语言的不同观点会产生不同的教学方法。

18.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeen

influencedbythreedifferentviewsoflanguage:theview,the

viewandtheview.

【答案】structural,functional,interactional!

【解析】上世纪的语言教学和语言学习受三种语言观的影响：结构主义,

功能主义，交互主义。

19.theoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganisesnew

informationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,

hypothesistestingandgeneralization.

【答案】Process-oriented!

【解析】以（认知）过程为导向的理论力图解释大脑怎样组织新信息，

如习惯的形成，归纳，推断，假设的验证，以及概括。

n.MultipleChoice

1.emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontext.（江苏大学2018研）

A.Behaviouristtheory

B.Cognitivetheory

C.Cognitiveconstructivism

D.Socialconstructivism

【答案】D!

【解析】本题考查的是有关语言学习理论的知识点。其中社会建构主义

理论强调在社会情境中与目标语言的互动，因此正确答案为

Do

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTbasedonthedefinitionoflanguage?

A.Syllabusdesign.

B.Teachingstyle.

C.Teachingmethodology.

D.Assessmentproceduresintheclassroom.

【答案】B!

【解析】语言的定义是教学大纲设计(syllabusdesign)、教学方法

(teachingmethodology)、课堂教学和测评程序(teachingandassessment

proceduresintheclassroom)的基础。教师的教学风格虽与教师对语言的理

解有关，但不是以语言的定义为基础的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutaudio-lingual

method?

A.Itisnotusedintheworldtoday.

B.Languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementof

theteacher.

C.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected.

D.Correctutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

【答案】A!

【解析】听说法是语言教学法的一种。它认为语言是通过不断的重复和

教师的加强学习的。在听说法教学中，教师会立即指出学生的语言错误，立即表

扬学生的正确言语。听说法仍然在世界的许多地方被采用。因此，本题的正确答

案为A。

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthequalityofagoodlanguageteacher?

A.Ethicdevotion.

B.Desirablepersonalstyles.

C.Goodeducationalbackground.

D.Necessaryprofessionalqualities.

【答案】C!

【解析】T立优秀的语言教师具有三个方面的素养：良好的职业道德，

优秀的个性，以及必备的职业技能。其中，职业技能的发展对于一位优秀的语言

教师是最重要也是最难的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouthowpeoplelearnaforeign

language?

A.Peoplestartedlearningaforeignlanguageatdifferentages.

B.Peoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasons.

C.Peoplelearnlanguagesinthesameway.

D.Leaningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught.

【答案】C@~!

【解析】调查发现，人们开始学习一门外语的年龄是不同的，人们学习

外语的原因也是不同的，而且人们学习语言的方式也不同。同时，语言的学习受

语言教学方式的影响。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

HI.TrueorFalse

1.Theanswerto"Whatislanguage"isthebasisofsyllabusdesign,

teachingmethodology,teachingandassessmentproceduresinthe

classroom.（江苏大学2018研）

【答案】T@~!

【解析】本题考查的是语言观点的知识点。语言是教学大纲设计，教学

法以及课堂教学与评估步骤的基础。因此该表述正确。

2.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingAudiolingualismisbehaviorism.（天

津师范大学2011研）

【答案】T@~!

【解析】本题考查的是听说语言学的基础。听说法是行为主义学习理论

得到的有影响的结果，也为听说语言学的发展奠定了基础。因此该表述正确。

3.JohnDeweybelievedthatteachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhat

learnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】约翰•杜威认为，教学应该基于学习者已有的知识结构，让学习

者参与到学习活动中。

4.Whethersomeonecanbecomeagoodforeignlanguageteacherdoes

notsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】一个人能否成为优秀的外语教师不仅仅取决于他（或她）对这

门语言的掌握（程度）。

5.Teachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheir

work.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】教师如果持续反思(教学)工作就能从教学实践中获益。

6.InKrashen'sMonitorModelofsecondlanguagedevelopment,

learningisnotconsciousanddoesnotoccurinformalsituationsor

throughformalgrammaticalrules,whileacquisitionisaconscious

processmarkedbythepresenceoferrorcorrectionandruleisolation.

【答案】F!

【解析】克拉申认为学习(learning)是一个有意识的过程，表现在修

正错误(errorcorrection)和孤立规则(ruleisolation)，而习得(acquisition)

是一个无意识的过程。

7.Theinteractionalviewoflanguagedoesnotconsiderlanguageasa

communicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocial

relationsbetweenpeople.

【答案】F!

【解析】交互主义语言观认为语言是一种交际工具，其主要用途是建立

和维持人与人之间的社会关系。

8.Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystem

madeupofvarioussubsystems.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】结构主义语言观认为语言是由多个子系统构成的语言系统。

9.Generally,alanguagesystemincludesthreeaspects:pronunciation,

grammarandvocabulary.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】语言系统一般包括三个方面：语音、语法和词汇。

10.Theinfluentialresultofthebehaviourismistheaudio-lingual

method.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】听说法的产生是结构主义的影响的结果。

11.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguagecanbelearnedthesamewayasan

animalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】斯金纳认为学习语言与训练动物对刺激进行反应是一样的。

12.Chomskyagreedthatlanguageisaformofbehaviour.

【答案】F!

【解析】乔姆斯基不同意行为主义的观点，即他认为语言不是一种行为。

IV.Explainthefollowingterms.

1.Natural叩proach（首都师范大学2016研）

Key:Thenaturalapproachisamethodoflanguageteachingdeveloped

byStephenKrashenandTracyTerrellinthelate1970sandearly1980s.It

aimstofosternaturalisticlanguageacquisitioninaclassroomsetting,

andtothisenditemphasizescommunication,andplacesdecreased

importanceonconsciousgrammarstudyandexplicitcorrectionof

studenterrors.Effortsarealsomadetomakethelearningenvironment

asstress-freeaspossible.Inthenaturalapproach,languageoutputisnot

forced,butallowedtoemergespontaneouslyafterstudentshave

attendedtolargeamountsofcomprehensiblelanguageinput.

2.Socio-constructivisttheory(安徽师范大学2015研)

Key:Socio-constructivisttheoryreferstoakindoflanguagelearning

theory.Itemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof"ZoneofProximal

Development"andscaffolding.Inotherwords,learningisbestachieved

throughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearner

andbetweenlearners.Withtheteacher'sscaffoldingthroughquestions

andexplanations,orwithamorecapablepeer'ssupport,thelearnercan

movetoahigherlevelofunderstandingandextendhis/herskillsand

knowledgetothefullestpotential.

3.Structuralviewoflanguage(天津师范大学2010研)

Key:Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystem

madeupofvarioussubsystems:thesoundsystem(phonology),the

discreteunitsofmeaningproducedbysoundcombinations

(morphology),andthesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningfor

communication(syntax).Eachlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuch

structuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructural

itemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Whenthis

structuralviewoflanguagewascombinedwiththestimulus-response

principlesofbehavioristicpsychology,theaudio-lingualapproachto

languagelearningemerged.

4.Behaviorism（首都师范大学2014研）

Key:Asforthebehavioristtheory,itisbasedonastimulus-response

theoryofpsychology,andproposedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner.

Hesuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearned

thesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryof

learningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.

Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless

"listenandrepeat"drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthat

languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementofthe

teacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutterances

wereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsofthe

worldtoday.

5.Interactionalview

Key:Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguagetobeacommunicative

tool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationbetween

people.

6.Pseudopractice

Key:Pseudopracticeisashortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteaching

practiceaspartofone'spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthe

supervisionofinstructors.

7.Scaffolding

Key:Itisaprocessthatenablesachildornovicetosolveaproblem,carry

outatask,orachieveagoalthatwouldbebeyondhisunassistedefforts.

8.Methodology

Key:Methodologyisthedevelopmentofprinciplesandproceduresfor

selecting,sequencing,andjustifyinglearningtasksandactivities.

9.Approaches

Key:Approachesaregeneralphilosophicalorientationstolanguage

teaching.

V.Shortanswerquestions

1.Theinfluenceofbehaviorismonsecondlanguageteaching(山东师范

大学2018研)

Key:(1)Behaviorismoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioral

psychologistSkinner,whoappliedWatsonandRaynor'stheoryof

conditioningtothewayhumansacquirelanguageBasedontheir

experiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheory

ofpsychology.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,

habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularand

glandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Theyclaimed

thatemotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.

Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatyoucantrainan

animaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedure

whichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.

(2)Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedthat

languageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasan

animalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferred

toasbehaviorism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguage

teachingprofession,particularlyintheU.S.Oneinfluentialresultisthe

audio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendlesslistenandrepeaf

drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedby

constantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswere

immediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.

2.Analyzeteacherrole(s)inTotalPhysicalResponse.(首都师范大学2018

研)

Key:Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethod

developedbyJamesAsher.Itisbasedonthecoordinationoflanguage

andphysicalmovement.InTPR,Teachersasinstructorsgivecommands

tostudentsinthetargetlanguagewithbodymovements,andstudents

respondwithwhole-bodyactions.Themethodisanexampleofthe

comprehensionapproachtolanguageteaching.Thelisteningand

responding(withactions)servestwopurposes:Itisameansofquickly

recognizingmeaninginthelanguagebeinglearned,andameansof

passivelylearningthestructureofthelanguageitself.Grammarisnot

taughtexplicitlybutcanbelearnedfromthelanguageinput.Besides,

teachersasdemonstratorsbecausewhenteachersgivesentencesas

instructionsforactions,theyfirstdemonstratestheseactionsthemselves;

thentheychoosemembersoftheclasstodothem.

3.ExplainWatsonandRaynor'stheoryofconditioninginyourown

words.

Key:Basedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulateda

stimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,i.e.thetheoryofconditioning.

Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch

—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthat

canbeobservedandmeasured.AccordingtoWatsonandRaynor,

emotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.

Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatananimalcanbe

trainedtodoanything(withinreason)iftrainersfollowacertain

procedurewhichhasthreemajorstages:stimulus,response,and

reinforcement.

VI.Essayquestions

CanyoubrieflyexplainWallace's,reflectivemodel'todemonstratethe

d