中考复习-名词

中考易错点总结复习快乐学习共同进步近义词辨析不同国人的复数不可数名词的量化的表示名词作定语名词易错点归纳：双重所有格名词名词是中考考查的重点项目之一，考查的题型很多，有单项填空、完形填空等，其中名词的单复数和所有格是中考的热点。年份考点题型分值2011词义辨析(rules)单项填空(26)1词义辨析(noise,answer)完形填空(48,51)2词语的用法(July,window,grass/ground)看图短文填空(71,72,77)4.52010词义辨析和名词单复数(sizes)单项填空(26)1词义辨析(promise)完形填空(46)1词语的用法(park,friends/persons/people,hand)看图短文填空

(71,76,78)4.52009－2011

年广东省卷考点一览表考纲透析2009词义辨析(lemonade)单项填空(44)1词义辨析(parents)完形填空(53)1词语的用法(computer/PC,winter,newspapers)看图短文填空

(71,74,76)4.5中考考什么？考点1：可数名词单数变复数考点２：不可数名词考点３：名词所有格（一）课前测评《总复习》P68

写出下列名词的复数形式 1.minute_______goose_______half_______classmate__________mirror_______2.glass_______cup_______family_______match_______wife_______3.park_______factory_______potato_______thief_______photo________minutesgeesehalvesclassmatesmirrorsglassescupsfamiliesmatcheswivesparksfactoriespotatoesthievesphotos考点1：可数名词单数变复数4.baby_______watch_______hero_______key_______party_______5.knife_______brush_______leaf_______piano_______mouth_______6.man_______woman_______box_______life_______people_______7.sheep_______deer_______child_______foot_______tooth_______babieswatchesheroesknivesbrushesleavespianosmouthsmenwomenboxeslivespeoplesheepdeerchildrenfeetteethkeysparties考点1扫描：名词单数变复数的规则变化1.一般直接加s2.“辅+y”结尾的，变y为i再加es3.以s,x,ch,sh

结尾的名词，加es4.以o结尾的，无生命的加s，有生命的加es。5.以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe

为v再加esphoto-photospotato-potatoesroofs,chiefs(除外）baby—babiescity—citiesbox-boxeswatch-watcheswife-wivesknife-knivesP71南粤中考1,3,51.(2011广东)-Ihearyourunforhalfanhoureveryday.--Right,wehaveto.Itisoneofthe____inourschool.A.rulesB.plansC.hobbiesD.choices中考链接3.(2011广东茂名）-Thisisthefirsttimeintheir_____toskiontheApls.A.lifeB.lifesC.lives5.(2010广东)Look!thekitesintheskyareindifferent___.Somearebigandsomearesmall.A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors不规则变化：1．改变字母变复数。如：man—menwoman—womenfoot—feettooth—teethgoose—geesemouse—micechild—children

ox—oxen

2．表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数：(1)单复数同形：中国人(Chinese)、日本人(Japanese)、瑞士人(Swiss)

（2）英国人和法国人将man改为menEnglishman–EnglishmenEnglishwoman–EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenFrenchwoman–Frenchwomen

(3)其他各国人直接加-s。如：American(s),German(s),Russian(s),Australian(s),Indian(s),Korean(s)。Summary1.中国人Chinese和日本人Japanese，单复数同形2.英国人Englishman和法国人Frenchman，变man为men3.其他国家人，加sP71南粤中考2，72.（2011深圳）--Couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthetwo___?--______.TheyareexchangestudentsofNo.1MiddleSchool.A.Frenchmen;Yes,pleaseB.Frenchmans;ComeonC.Germen;NotatallD.Germans;Allright中考链接1．单复数同形。如：sheep,deer,means（方法，手段）,fish(鱼)。

2．集体名词，如police,people,class,family,team,group,等。当这类词强调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，如果强调整个团体，则视为单数概念特殊的复数形式：3．复合名词变复数时，变后面的名词。如：twoappletrees,shoeshops,tenboystudents,girlfriends,twinsisters。(2010广东茂名)—Wecanseetwo_____inthepicture.A.appletreeB.applestreesC.appletrees

但如果由man,woman

构成的复合名词变复数时，则两个都要变。如：twomenteachers,somewomendoctors。１.Iwanttwo____,couldyougivemeonemore,please?A.applesB.appleC.milkD.orange2.Itisautumnnow,___arefallingdownfromtrees.A.leavesB.leafsC.leafD.lives模拟中考3.Wewalkwithour____A.footB.feetC.footsD.feets4.Howmany____arethereinyourschool?A.ChineseB.RussianC.AmericanD.Englishman5.Allthe____aremadeof___,notplastic.A.glass,glassB.glasses,glassC.glasses,glassesD.glass,glasses6.Ilikeshoppinginthiscoffeeshop,becausethe___arenotonlyfriendlybutalsohandsome.manwaitersB.menwaitersC.menwaiterD.manwaiter考点2不可数名词（一）课前检测：《总复习》P68一、将下列名词归类noodle,chalk,bread,pie,weather,pen,parent,newspaper,water,paper,factory,present,computer,furniture,size,lemonade,friend,person,wood,promise,gold,English1.可数名词：noodle,chalk,pie,pen,parent,newspaper,factory,present,computer,size,friend,person,promisedifficulty,mistake,2.不可数名词：bread,weather,water,paper,furniture,lemonade,wood,gold,English考点2扫描：1.不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的，表示某种概念、状态、品质、感情或物质材料的名词可归纳为：（1）材料类：paper,wood,cotton,wool,glass,gold,metal等（2）食物类：food,meat,chicken,beef,fish,pork,sausagedrink,water,milk,juice,tea,orange,coffee,,lemonade,wine,beer,soup,oil,bread,rice,,salad,,sodasalt,sugar.icecream,cheese,fruit,肉类液体粉类(3)自然类：weather,wind,snow,rain,ice,fog,sunshine,grass,air,fire,smoke,light,noise,universe,earth,sand等（4）学科，语言：Chinese,English,French,biology,geography,physics,math等（5）抽象概念：time,work,homework,housework,news,information,advice,fun,progress,knowledge,business等（6）表示总称：clothing,furniture,fruit,luggage,equipment等.注意：有些名词的单复数形式的意义不同单词可数不可数paper报纸，试卷，文件纸glass玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉chicken小鸡鸡肉orange橘子橘子汁2.不可数名词不可以直接用a,an,one,two等来修饰。表示不可数名词的量可以用以下两种方法：（1）用of短语表示，如：apieceofpaper（一张纸）twobottlesofmilk（两瓶牛奶）threekilosofrice（三公斤大米）（2）用特定的词或短语表示：much,little,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等..somemoney(一些钱),alittlewater（一点水）abitofcoffee（一点咖啡）《总复习》P714，64.(2011广东清远)—I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme_____toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD.threepieceofbread中考链接6.（2010）广东深圳—What____youusuallyhaveforbreakfast?___________andacupofcoffee.A.do;ThreebreadB.do;ThreepiecesofbreadC.are;ThreebreadsD.are;Threepieceofbread2012年中考预测演练1.Mr.Greenishungry.Givehim＿＿toeat.A.abottleofwaterB.somejuiceC.threepiecesofbreadD.somesalt2.Weneedtocomeupwithan___andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news3.Thenumberoftheteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare_____A.womanteacherB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteachers√√√4.Yesterdayshegaveme___onlearningChinese.A.someadvicesB.anadviceC.manyadvicesD.someadvice5.Afew___werehurt,butno___werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life√√6.–Iseverythingreadyforthepicnic?--Wehaven’tmuch___forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.appleB.breadC.tomatoD.bean7.Itwasveryhardformetomakea___,butIdecidedtoleavemyjob.A.suggestionB.decisionC.planD.speech8.Mymotheristhebusiestinmy___.Shedoesalotofhouseworkeveryday.A.schoolB.libraryC.familyD.park√√√1.《中考总复习》P71巩固练习2.明天听写P3易错单词Homework

名词所有格名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。1．有生命的名词的所有格：(1)一般名词的所有格是在词尾加“'s”。如：Lily'sfather莉莉的爸爸mother'sbirthday母亲的生日Children'sDay儿童节men'sclothes男式服装

(2)以-s或-es

结尾的名词，无论单复数，其所有格只需在后面加“’

”。如：

thedoctors'office医生办公室

thebus'door公交车的门

(3)表示“两者(或以上)共同所有”时，只需在最后一个名词后加“'s”；若表示“两者(或以上)各自拥有”时，要在每一个名词后都加“'s”。如：

LucyandLily'sroom

露西和莉莉的房间(共同所有，只有一个房间，room用单数)

Lucy'sandLily'srooms

露西的房间和莉莉的房间(各自拥有一个房间，room用复数) (4)在表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”或“餐馆”的名词所有格后面，一般省掉它所修饰的名词。如：

atMr.White's(house)在怀特先生家

atthebarber's(shop)在理发店

atthedoctor's在医生的诊所里thetailor's裁缝铺

(5)双重所有格：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如a,two,some,afew,this,that,these,those等)时，用“of＋名词所有格”或“of＋名词性物主代词”来表示所属关系。如：aphotoofmyfather's我父亲的一张照片someinventionsofEdison'sthatnovelofherbrother's

爱迪生的一些发明她兄弟的那本小说afriendofmine＝oneofmyfriends我的一位