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MadameCurie,theFirstWinnerofTvvoNobelPrizes
MadamCurie(1867-1934),whosenamewasMarieCurie,wasaPolish
chemistandphysicist.ShewasborninWarsaw(华沙),andherinterestinscience
wascomingfromherfather,aphysicist.In1891,shewenttoFrancetocontinue
herstudiesinParis,whereshelivedaverysimplelifealone.
In1896,aFrenchscientistnamedBecquereldiscoveredradioactivity.Marie
thendecidedtofindoutthesecretsofuranium(铀)rays,andin1898shereported
thatsomenewradioactiveelementsmightexistinpitchblende(沥青铀矿).Inthe
sameyear,withherhusband'shelp,shefoundtwonewelements-radium(镭)
andpolonium(专卜).BothoftheCuriesworkedveryhardunderbadconditions,and
intheendsuccessfullyseparated1gramofradiumsaltsfrom8tonsofpitchblende.
TheCuriessharedwithBecquerelthe1903NobelPrizeforPhysics.Afterher
husband\deathinantrafficaccident,Mariesucceededhimasaprofessorof
physics.In1910sheseparatedmetallicradiumwithanotherscientist.Forthisshe
receivedthe1911NobelPrizeforPhysics.
1.WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?D
A.MadameCuriewasachemistandphysicist.
B.WarsawisthecapitalofPoland.
C.ItwasMarie'sfatherwhohadherinterestedinscience.
D.MarieandPierreCuriestudiedtogetherwhenshearrivedatParis.
2.AccordingtoMarieCurie'sreportin1898,C
A.anewpowerfulradioactiveelementexistinginsomemetal.
B.thetwoelementspoloniumandradiumexistedinpitchblende.
C.somenewpowerfulradioactiveelementsmightexistinpitchblende.
D.shehadfoundoutthenatureofuranium.
3.The1903NobelPrizeforPhysicswasgiventoD
A.MadamsCurie.B.PierreCurie.
C.theCuries.D.theCuriesandBecquerel.
4.Afterherhusband'sdeath,MadameCurieB
A.succeededinbecomingaprofessorofphysics.
B.tookhisplaceandbecameaprofessorofphysics
C.wasasuccessfulprofessorofphysics.
D.wassuccessfulasaprofessorofchemistry.
5.MadameCuriewasthefirsttoC
A.getasecondNobelPrizeforChemistry.
B.wintheNobelPrizeasawoman.
C.winasecondNobelPrize.
D.discoverradioactivity.
ImprovetheEnvironmentinHospitals
Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentin
hospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.
AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandinto
publicplaces,someofthecountry'smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledinto
transformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe
2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost100nowhave
significantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,waitingareasandtreatment
rooms.
Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whosetup
hisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringtheearly1970s.
Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsociety,andthatartshouldbe
enjoyedbyawideraudience.
Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseachweek.
Whatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthefirstexhibition
ofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaoftheManchesterRoyal
Hospitalinl975.BelievedtobeBritain*sfirsthospitalartist,Seniorwassomuchin
demandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.
Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitor
experiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.
Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugs
whenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswho
hadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscompared
withpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.
1.Accordingtothepassage,tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildingsmeans
B
A.topulldownhospitalbuildings
B.todecoratehospitalswithartcollections
C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals
D.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround
2.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?A
A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.
B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.
C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.
D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.
3.AccordingtoPeterSenior,.A
A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodernsociety
B.artgalleriesshouldbechangedintohospitals
C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting
D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospitals
4.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,.D
A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery
B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs
C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery
D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery
5.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat
D
A.Peter'senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly
B.PeterSeniorenjoysgreatpopularity
C.theyaretalentedhospitalartists
D.theroleofhospitalenvironmentisbeingrecognized
ColdHasNothingtodowithCold
Thecommoncoldistheworld'smostwidespreadillness,whichisplagues(疫
病)thatfleshreceives.Themostwidespreadfallacy(错误观点)ofallisthatcolds
causedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses(病毒)passingonfrom
persontoperson.
Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeone
whoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthe
Eskimos(爱斯基摩人)tosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.Andin
isolatedarcticregions([匕极地区)explorershavereportedbeingfreefromcolds
untilcomingintocontactagainwithinfected(被感染的)people.
DuringtheFirstWorldWarsoldierswhospentlongperiodsinthetrenches(战
壕),coldandwet,showednoincreasedtendencytocatchcolds.IntheSecond
WorldWar,prisonersattheAuschwitzconcentrationcamp(奥斯维辛集中营),
nakedandstarving,buttheyseldomhadcolds.
AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland(英国感冒防治中心),
volunteerstookpartinexperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothe
discomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,
theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstood
aboutdrippingwetindraftyroom.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothers
exercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscame
downwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.
If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyarethey
morefrequentinthewinter?Despitethemostpains-takingresearch,noonehas
yetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendto
staytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesit
easierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.
Therearedrugsandpainsuppressors(止痛片)suchasaspirin,butalltheydois
relievethesymptoms(症状)。
1.Thewriterofferedexamplestosupporthisargument.A
A.4B.5C.6D.3
2.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTagreewiththepassage?C
A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsatall.
B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.
C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.
D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.
3.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen.D
A.theyareworkingintheisolatedarcticregions
B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather
C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedarcticregions
D.theyarecomingintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld
4.VolunteerstakingpartintheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit
.B
A.sufferedalotB.nevercaughtcolds
C.oftencaughtcold.D.becameverystrong
5.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.C
A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold
B.thefallacyaboutthecommoncold
C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds
D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncol
Translation
AIDSisshortforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome,akilling
diseaseforhumanbeings.
AIDS是获得性免疫缺陷综合征的缩写,是人类的一种致命疾病。
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