（中考英语语法）语法专题十一 被动语态【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）

（中考英语语法）语法专题十一被动语态【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）（中考英语语法）语法专题十一被动语态【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）/（中考英语语法）语法专题十一被动语态【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）语法专题十一、被动语态(必考)考点考点精讲什么是被动语态?(概念理解)语态(voice),是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语和谓语动词的关系.英语语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者.【巧记】"主动,主动,主去动”被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者.【巧记】"被动,被动,主被动”注意,被动语态里的谓语动词一定是及物动词.主语和谓语动词是逻辑上的动宾关系.被动语态的基本结构"主+be+及物动词的过去分词+(bysb)”,时态和数的变化体现在助动词be上.注意,主动语态有的时态,被动语态都有,时态的变化体现在系动词be上.WespeakChinese.我们说汉语.(主动语态：主语"我们”是谓语"说”的执行者)Chineseisspokenbyus.汉语被我们说.(被动语态：主语"汉语”是谓语"说”的承受者)通俗来讲,被动语态就是表示主语和谓语存在一种被动关系,相当于汉语中的"被字句”.什么时候用被动语态?(使用情况)不知道动作的执行者时Somenewcomputerswerestolenyesterday.昨天几台新电脑被偷了.(不知道谁干的).没必要说明动作的执行者时Iwasbornin2008.我是2008年(被我妈妈)生的.(我肯定是我妈生的,没必要说)强调动作的承受者时Thebookwaspublishedin2012.这本书2012年(被)出版的.(被动语态强调的是这本书,而不是出版社)不想明确动作的执行者时Thewindowisbroken.窗户坏了.(具体谁弄坏的,不明说)【助记口诀】谁做的不知道,说出谁没必要;承受者需强调,执行者不明确.主动语态与被动语态的转换(语态转换)主+谓(及物动词)+宾(主动语态)主+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾(被动语态)Simonatethedumplings.Simon吃了饺子.ThedumplingswereeatenbySimon.饺子被Simon吃了.(饺子不能吃Simon)所以主动变被动分三步(1)主语(执行者)和宾语(承受者)互换位置.(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变成被动形式(be+及物动词的过去分词).(3)被动语态里的宾语前加by(有时可省略),by后宾语若是代词变宾格.Weproducetheseproducts→我们生产这些产品.Theseproductsareproducedbyus.这些产品被我们生产.【助记口诀】宾变主,主变宾,宾前by;谓语变被动,be后"过分”跟.【注意】(1)有些由"动词+介词或副词”构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,存在被动语态.在将含有这些动词短语的主动语态变换成被动语态时,不可将动词与介词或副词拆分,也不可省略介词或副词.如,askfor(请求),talkabout(谈论),listento(倾听),lookafter、takecareof(照顾),thinkof(考虑),laughat(嘲笑)putup(建造),putoff(推迟),turndown(调低),turnoff(关掉),giveup(放弃),findout(发现)等等.Hisclassmatesoftenlaughathim.同学经常嘲笑他.(主动语态)→Heisoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates,他经常被同学嘲笑.(被动语态)(2)see,hear,watch,notice等感官动词和make,let,have,help等使役动词后,在主动句里经常跟省略to的不定式作宾补,然而在变为被动语态时,切不可省略to.Ioftenseethemplayfootballontheplayground.我经常看到他们在操场上踢足球.(主动语态seesbdosth,不带to)→Theywereoftenseentoplayfootball(byme)ontheplayground.他们经常被我看见在操场上踢足球.(被动语态sbbeseentodosth要带to)【拓展】不可转换的情况,并不是所有主动语态的句子都可以转换成被动语态.根据语境推断,不符合逻辑的.Ihaveabook.我有一本书.反过来,书被我有,讲不通.谓语是不及物动词或动词短语的没有被动语态.因为不及物动词没有动作的承受者.Herunssofast.他跑得真快.只有跑这个动作的执行者,构不成被动语态.系动词无被动语态.为什么?所谓"主系表”,它是对主语的描述,根本没有宾语.系表结构表示的就是主语的一种状态,而这种状态一般就是通过形容词或副词来呈现的.Thedoorisclosednow.门现在关着了.虽然看上去是bedone的结构,但它表示的是一种状态,这里closed是过去分词变过来的形容词.4.一般现在时的被动语态的结构(句型变化)肯定句主语+am/is/are+done+(bysb)+其他.否定句主语+am/is/are+not+done+(bysb)+其他.一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+done+(bysb)+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done+(bysb)+其他?(这里我们用done表示及物动词的过去分词)WeareinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday.如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响.WearenotinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday.如今我们不被(受)孔子思想影响.AreweinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday?如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响吗?WhyareweinfluencedbyConfucius’ideastoday?为什么如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响?Alotoftrees_______inourcityinspringeveryyear.A.areplanted B.wereplanted C.plant D.planted5.一般过去时的被动语态的结构变化：肯定句主语+was/were+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.否定句主语+was/were+not+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?(这里我们用done表示及物动词的过去分词)ThepicturewasdrawnbySimonyesterday.这幅画是Simon昨天画的.ThepicturewasnotdrawnbySimonyesterday.这幅画不是Simon昨天画的.WasthepicturedrawnbySimonyesterday?这幅画是Simon昨天画的吗?WhatwasdrawnbySimonyesterday?Simon昨天画了什么?(昨天什么被Simon画了?)6.一般将来时的被动语态的结构变化肯定句主语+will/(am/is/are)goingto+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.否定句主语+willnot/(am/is/are)notgoingto+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.一般疑问句Will+主语+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+goingto+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+Will+主语+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?特殊疑问词+be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+goingto+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他?BookswillbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture.未来书籍将会被互联网取代.BookswillnotbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture.未来书籍将会被互联网取代.WillbooksbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture?未来书籍会被互联网取代吗?WhywillbooksbereplacedbytheInternetinthefuture?未来书籍为什么会被互联网取代?Primaryandsecondaryschoolstudents_____mobilephonestoschools,accordingtothelatestrules.A.will

not

allow

to

bring B.will

not

be

allowed

to

bringC.will

be

not

allowed

to

bring D.will

allow

not

to

bring7.含有情态动词的被动语态(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的定义：用来说明主语被动性动作所反映的情感和态度.(2)含有情态动词的被动语态的基本结构："主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”,常见的情态动词有can,may,must,should,could等等.ThesephotoscanbeseenontheInternet.这些照片会在网上被看到.Teachersshouldberespected.老师应该得到尊重.(3)含有情态动词的被动语态的句式变化肯定句主语+情态动词+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.否定句主语+情态动词+not+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.一般疑问句情态动词+主语+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+done+(by+动作执行者)+其他.?ThesephotoscanbeseenontheInternet.这些照片会在网上被看到.Thesephotoscan’tbeseenontheInternet.这些照片会在网上被看到.CanthesephotosbeseenontheInternet?这些照片会在网上被看到吗?WhencanthesephotosbeseenontheInternet?这些照片什么时候会在网上被看到?Theoldmenandthechildrenmust_____inourcountry.A.take

good

care B.be

taken

good

care

ofC.take

care

ofD.be

taken

good

care8.被动语态用法总结一般现在时主+am/is/are+done一般过去时主+was/were+done一般将来时主+will+be+done主+am/is/aregoingto+be+done含有情态动词的主+情态动词+be+done考点精练考点精练中考语法—被动语态专项练习(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分.)1.Anewhighspeedtrainrailwaystation________inHechiinfiveyears.A.willbuild B.willbebuilt C.hasbuilt D.hasbeenbuilt2.Childrenunder12yearsold_____ridesharingbikes.It'stoodangerous.A.shouldn’tallowto B.shouldn’tallowC.shouldn’tbeallowedto D.shouldn’tbeallowed3.Aftertheboyˈshomework________,hewentouttoplay.A.finished B.finishes C.wasfinished D.isfinished4.Paper,oneofthefourgreatestinventionsinancientChina,________byCaiLunabout2,000yearsago.A.was

invented B.is

invented C.were

invented D.are

invented5.Ifthesciencefiction______intoEnglish,itwillbepopulararoundtheworld.A.translates B.istranslated C.translated D.wastranslated6.Nomatterhowmanydifficultieswehave,Ibelievealltheproblemscan______intheend.A.solve B.be

solved C.answer D.be

answered7.TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Today,he______bypeopleofallages.A.willlove B.wasloved C.isloved D.willbeloved8.Whereweshouldgo______nextFriday.A.isdecided B.wasdecidedC.willbedecided D.hasbeendecided9.InourEnglishclass,manychances______tostudentstoshowthemselves.A.offer B.are

offered C.offered D.are

offering10.Fishing_________inordertoprotecttheecosystemofHanjiangRiver.A.allows B.is

allowed C.isn't

allowed D.won't

allow11.Today,manywinterOlympicsports______evenbychildren.A.enjoyed B.enjoy C.wereenjoyed D.areenjoyed12.Thesecakes

withchocolate.

Haveone,

please.A.fill B.filled C.arefilled D.werefilled13.Somepeoplethinktrees____onTreePlantingDayonly．A.shouldplant B.shouldbeplantedC.shouldbeplant D.shouldbeplanting14.Thetelephone______in1876.A.invented B.invents C.isinvented D.wasinvented15.Theplan______inaninternationalmeetinglastyear.A.discussed B.isdiscussingC.willbediscussed D.wasdiscussed16.Wecanleavetwohoursearlierifthework______.A.completes B.completed C.is

completed D.was

completed17.—______you______toJim'sbirthdaypartylastnight?—Yes,Iwas.ButIwastoobusytobethere.A.Did;invited B.Were;invite C.Was;invited D.Were;invited18.Ginawenttothedoctor'syesterdayandshe______abouttheimportanceofgoodlivinghabitsoncemore.A.told B.istold C.wastold D.hastold19.—Whyareyouleavingyourjob?—Ican'tstanditanylonger.I

always

toworkovertime.A.am;asking B.am;asked C.was;asking D.was;asked20.In

order

to

make

Dandong

more

beautiful,more

trees

and

flowers

______every

year.A.will

plant B.should

plantC.should

be

planted D.must

plant21.PeopleinLanzhouaregladthatamodernsubway______inseveralyears.A.willcomplete B.willbecompletedC.hascompleted D.iscompleted22.The

students

in

this

school

are

made_______

school

uniforms

on

Monday．A.to

wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn23.Hurryup!Oncetheconcertstarts,nobody______toentertheconcerthall.A.allows B.allowed C.isallowed D.isallowing24.—How

clean

your

car

is!—Thank

you．It______very

often．A.is

washed B.washes C.was

washed D.washed25.IlearnttoswimwhenIwassix.I______bymymother.A.amtaught B.wastaught C.willbetaught D.havetaught26.It'sreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatre______inSeptemberthisyear.A.completes B.iscompletedC.willcomplete D.willbecompleted27.ItissaidthatanA-shapedtower______inthecenterofthecitynextyear.A.builds B.willbuild C.willbebuilt D.isbuilt28.DoyouknowMoYan?Hisbooks______intoEnglisha

fewyearsago.A.weretranslated B.translatedC.aretranslated D.translates29.—Do

you

think

teenagers

to

make

their

own

decisions?—No,I

don't

agree

with

you.They're

too

young

to

do

that.A.encourage B.are

encouragingC.are

encouraged D.were

encouraged30.Lookatournewschool.It____lastyear.A.built B.wasbuilt C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt31.Whenyou

adifficulttask,trytocontinuewithitandfinishit.A.give B.aregiving C.gave D.aregiven32.—DoyouknowEarthDay?—Sure.It________in1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsup B.setup C.issetup D.wassetup33.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmeifthesportsmeeting______ontime?—Hardtosay.Ifit______tomorrow,we'llhavetoputitoff.A.willhold;rains B.willbeheld;rainsC.willbeheld;willrain D.holds;willrain34.Over$30,000forachildren’shospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A.israised B.wasraised C.willberaised D.hasbeenraised35.—How

often

do

I

need

to

feed

the

dog?—It

________

food

every

day,or

it

will

be

hungry.A.must

give B.must

be

give C.must

gave D.must

be

given36.—Mom,where

is

my

model

plane?—Oh,it____

to

Jenny

yesterday．A.islent B.lends C.waslent D.lent37.I

want

to

know

if

an

English

Singing

Competition

_____next

month.A.will

hold B.will

be

held C.holds D.is

held38.—What's

the

meaning

of

the

activity"Let's

Save"?—Paper

shouldn't

________

in

everyday

life.A.waste B.wasted C.be

wasted D.is

wasted39.—Whatareyouwatching?—TheStoryofChina.Thispart

atChinaBlockPrintingMuseumofYangzhouin2014.A.filmed B.was

filmed C.has

filmed D.is

filmed40.—I

enjoy

walking

on

the

clean

streets

in

the

morning．—You

know

they

by

the

hard-working

cleaners

every

day．A.clean B.are

cleaned C.are

cleaning D.will

clean41.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese______bya

largenumber

​​​​ofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspoken C.speak D.isspeaking42.Many

people

believe

that

tea______first

in

China

about

5,000years