发音概述-英语发音类别

发音概述一英语发音类别

基本分类及常识

语音分元音和辅音两大类，每一个语音必定属于这两者之一。

元音

元音是一种有声音，发音时用舌头和嘴唇使口腔定形，声带振动。司时气流从咽腔和口腔

不断流出，不受阻碍，也没有变狭窄，因而听不出摩擦。

辅音

(在正常言语中)除元音外所有的其它音都叫辅音。一部分辅音发音时，气流不通过口腔,

如[间；另一部分辅音发音时，气流在通过口腔时，受到这样或那样的阻碍，或在口腔中的某个

点受到摩擦。

元音分类A

根据发音时舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们把单素元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。

例如：[1]前元音，口型舒展

[u:]后元音，口型收拢

前元音

舌前部向硬颗抬起时发出的元音叫前元音。

前元音(FrontVowels)主要有：

英式英语：(i:][i][e)[l]

美式英语：[i]山网川

Practicethesefoursoundsinphrases.

eatthemeatmakeawishverywell

amadmankeeptheseatsitdown

getreadyajazzbandthreetrees

bestfriendablackbagPeter'ssecret

asmallfishtenmenaplasticbag

theChinesepeopleabitchilyTeddyBear

handinhandapieceofcheesebitbybit

wetwithsweatahappymarriageafriendinneed

fitasafiddlebestselleronbehalfofourclass

中元音

舌中部向硬颗抬起时发出的元音叫中元音。

中元音(CentralVowels)主要有：

英式英语：［4：］［4］⑻

美式英语：没有［4:］,多为［4r］；［4］与网相同。

Practicethesethreesoundsinphrases.

thefirsttermalongtermsomemoney

learnthewordsamongtheworkerssomehoney

afirmgirlneverforgetonceinamonth

anervousnurseasheetofpaperatoughson

anearlybirdadropofwaterafunnycouple

adirtyshirttheteachersofChinaasuddenjump

thethirdworldthedoctor'sdaughterjustforfun

anactivelearneratthecounterbloodforblood

后元音

发音时舌后部需要向软颗抬起的元音叫作后元音：

后元音(BackVowels)主要有；

Practicethesefoursoundsinphrases.

popmusiclawandorder

pushandpullpopconcert

daughter-in-lawyouthful

byhookorbycrookwhosetools

astopwatchaccordingtolaw

thebutcherandthecrookanewsuit

clocksandwatchestalkandwalk

goodlooksagroupofstudents

socksandstockingasmallwaterfall

goodfootworkdropbydrop

alongthecorridorbookaroom

theBlueDanubecommonknowledge

alongstorytooksomesugar

awaterbottleaquartertofour

toofewtoosoontobetruewoodenplates

元音分类B

根据构成元音的音素的不同，我们把元音分为12个单元音(monophthongs)和8个双元音

(diphthongs).

Monophthongs:[i:][i][e][1][8][2:][3][3:][u][u:][4:][4]

Diphthongs:[ei][2i][3i][4u][2u][i4][e4][u4]

InAmericanEnglish,wesimplyusefiveofthesediphthongs:

[ei][4u][2i]网[3i]

元音分类C

根据发音时嘴唇的形状：

Accordingtotheshapeofthelips

合口元音RoundedVowels：[3:][3][u:][u]

敞口元音UnroundedVowels：[i:][i]

自然口型NeutralVowels：[e][1][8][4]

元音分类D

根据元音的发音长度：

Accordingtothelengthofthevowels

长元音LongVowels：[i：][4：][2：][3：][u：]

短元音ShortVowels：[i][e][I][8][4][3][u]

辅音分类A

根据声带振动情况：

按照声带振动情况给辅音分类，发音时声带完全敞开，气流通过声带没有引起振动的辅音

称为清辅音，发音时声带合拢，气流通过声带并引起振动的辅音称为浊新音。每一组对应的清

浊辅音在发音时发音部位和发音方式都是完全相同的，只以声带振动与否来进行区别。

英语中有十组对应的清浊辅音：它们是；

清辅音VoicelessConsonants；

[p][t]M[t5][f][7][s][5][ts][tr][t5]

浊辅音VoicedConsonants：

[b][d][g][d9][v][0]|z][9][dz][dr][d9]

英语中有些音是没有相对应的清浊辅音的，它们是：

清辅音；[h]

浊辅音；[m]何⑹川m

另外，人们习惯上把半元音也白为浊辅音用。

浊辅音：

辅音分类B

根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果；

根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果给辅音分类，可将辅音分为爆破音、摩擦音、塞擦音、

鼻音和舌边音。另外，我们将半元音也放在这一部分，方便练习掌握。

摩擦音：口腔通道较窄，气流通过时产生摩擦6

爆破音：气流在口腔中完全封闭，然后再突然释放，在释放时不产生任何阻碍和摩擦。

塞擦音；气流通过口腔时被闭住，释放时气流通道又不完全敞开。

鼻音；发音时需要鼻腔共鸣.

舌边音；发音时气流从舌的两恻同过.

半元音：

爆破音

爆破音(plosive)：在相当时间内，气流通道完全阻塞，气流(一般由于肺部的动作)受

压，然后突然放开阻塞，发出爆破的声音。

英语中的爆破音有六个，它们是：

嘴唇闭气：旧⑸

舌前端在上齿齿龈和硬腭前端闭气：口口]

舌后端抬高，软腭下垂进行闭气：[k][g]

Readthedialogues,payingattentiontothepronunciationofplosives.

(1)A：Howdoyoudo?I'mParker.

B：Howdoyoudo,Mr.Barker?

A：Parker.

B：Oh,ParkerwithaP?

A：Yes,withaP.

B；Er...I'mBarker.

A：Barker?WithaB,Ofcourse.

B：Yes,withaB.

A：Won'tyoucomein,Mr.Barker?

B：Thankyou,Mr.Parker.

(2)A：Iloveyou,MissBrown.

B：ButhowcanIbelieveyou,Mr.Black.

A:111jumpoverthebalcony,MissBrown.

B：Jumpoverthebalcony,Mr.Black?

A:It'llprovemylove,MissBrown.

B：It'llbreakyourback,Mr.Black.

A：Thensavemeandtakemeback!

(3)A：Whafsthedatetoday?

B:Decemberthefifteenth.Thedayaftertomorrowislittle

Tom'sbirthday.

A：Right.Whatpresentshouldwegivehimthistime?Bythe

way,howoldishe?

B:He'sstillthirteentodayandtomorrow.He'llbefourteenthe

dayaftertomorrow.Let*sgethimaremotecontrolledtoy

truck.

A：Howtimeflies!He'sabigboynow.

B:Anddon'tforgetMary,Tom'stwinsister.It'sherbirthday,

too.

A：OK.Let'sinvitealltheirlittefriendstocomeandcelebrate.

(4)A：Wasitagoodgame?

B；Itwasaterrificgame.

A：Youhadagooddayforit.

B：Abeautifulday.

A：DidChrisscore?

B：Hescoredtwice.

A：Andyou?

B：NowwheredidIputthatbottleofmilk?

A：Didyouscore?

B:Ah,gotit.

A：Maybethenextgame?

B：Surething.HIscoreonegoalatleast.

摩擦音

摩擦音(fricative)；气流通道收窄，气流通过时发出可听擦音。

英语中摩擦者有十个，其中清洗相对的有八个：

[f][v][7][0][s][z][5][9]

上齿接触下唇：[fjM

上齿与舌面摩擦；[7][0]

上齿齿龈产生摩擦：[s][z]

声带摩擦：回

硬腭摩擦；[r][5][9]

Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontothepronunciationoffricatives.

(1)A：Frankflattersme,Fred.

B：Frankflatterseverybody.

A：HesaidIcreateaflameinhisheart.

B：Aflameinhisheart?

A：Afuriousflame!HesaysIdrivehimfrantic!

B：Youdrivemefrantic,too,Fanny.

A：Oh,Fred!Youoldflatterer.

B:Butdonlforgettofrythefish,Fanny.

(2)A：Sevendaysold!She*salovelybaby!

B:She'sabeautifulbaby!

A；Andshe'sacleverbaby.

B：Andhervoice,hervoiceisso...sodear!

A：She'sgotaveryclearvoice,indeed.

B：Andshe'sbigforababyofherage!

(3)A：Dateofbirth?

B：ThethirdofMarch,nineteenthirty-three.

A：ThethirdofMarch,nineteenthirty-three?

B:Ithink...

A：Youthinkwhat?

B:Ithinkitwasthethird,butmaybeitwasthefourth.

A：Youthinkitwaseitherthethirdorthefourth?You'renot

sureofyourowndateofbirth?

B:No,I'msorry.

A：Anyway,thepositionhasbeentakenalready.Soitdoesn*t

matteryou'renotsureofyourdateofbirth.

(4)A：Maybeyou'llletmeplayinthemud,Mother?

B:Don'tyoudareplaythere.

A：Fatherdoesn'tmindifweplayinthemud.

B:Fatherdoesn'twashthedirtyclothes,dear.

(5)A：I'llsingyouasong.

B；Yes,singasong.Butdon'tsingasadsong.

A：Mostofmysongsaresadsorry.

B:Well,pleasesingonethat'snotwithinthedefinitionoftoo

sad.

A:OK,I'llsingSanFrancisco,then.

(6)A：Ashirt,sir?Yes,sir.Thisonewillsuityou.Itsinavery

fashionableshade.

B：Mm.Iwantsomethingsimpler.

A；Asilverone,maybe?It'sgotsomethingspecialonthe

sleeve.

B：Can*tyoushowmeasimpleshirtinasimpleshade?Maybe

Ishouldtrythenextshop.

(7)A：Who'sthatoverthere?

B:Oh,that'sJohn.He'stheClubTreasurer.

A：What'shedoingthere?

B：Watchingtelevision.

A：Anddoeshealwayssleepwhenthetelevision'son?

B：Usuallyhedoes.

A：Ah.

B：Andoccasionallyhesnores.

A：Rathernoisily.

B：Aseventhemanonthemoonmusthavenoticed!

(8)Youandyourfriendarelookingatsomethingsinashopwindowbutyoucan*tseevery

well.

A：Isthataradio?

B：Itlookslikearadio.

A：Isthataprettydress?

B:Itlookslikeaprettydress.

A：Isthatarugbyball?

B：Itlookslikearugbyball.

A：Isthatarecord?

B：Itlookslikearecord.

A：Isthatarecordplayer?

B：Itlookslikearecordplayer.

A：Isthatarefrigerator?

B：Itlookslikearefrigerator.

(9)A：HowhandsomeHenryis!

B：Henryishandsome,isn'the?

A：AndhowhardworkingHenryis!

B：Henrydoesworkhard.

A;AndhowhonestHenryis!

B：Oh?IsHenryhonest?

塞擦音

塞擦音(affricate)；其形成如爆破音，但发音器官放开阻塞较慢，因而在放开阻塞时可以听

得出相应的摩擦。

英语中塞擦音有六个，它们是：[6][d9][ts][dz][tr][dr]

牙齿处闭气：[ts][dz]

硬腭前端摩擦：[t5][d9]

舌头在硬腭处闭气：[tr][dr]

Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontotheaffricates.

(1)A：Weneedsomecheese.

B：I'vejustboughtsomecheese.

A：Andweneedsomechocolate.

B：I'vejustboughtsomechocolate.

A：Andwhataboutchickensoup?

B：I'vejustboughtsomechickensoup.

A：Good,butwestillhaven'tgotenoughchairs.

B：Don'tworry.Tvejustboughtsomecheapchairs.

A：That'severythingthen.Ohno!Chinaplates.

(2)A：Youcanldothat!

B：OfcourseIcan.It'smybridge.

A：Butyoucan'tchopitdown!

B；It'smybridge,andI'mchoppingitdown.

A：Don'tchopitdown!Howshallwecross?Wecan'tmanage

withoutit.

B：Well,you'vegottolearnhowtojumpreallyfar!Jump!

Jump!

鼻音

鼻音(nasal)：口腔通道完全阻塞，但软颗下垂，气流自由通过鼻腔发出的音。

英语中鼻音有三个，它们是；⑹

嘴唇处闭气；lm]

舌前端在硬腭处闭气；[n]

舌后部抬高，软腭下垂闭气：[6]

Readthedialogues,whilepayingattentiontothenasals.

⑴A：Don*tbealarmedifMumstamps.

B：Anddon'tbealarmedifMumscreams.

A：It'snotwhatitseems.

B：Don'tbealarmed.Youwon'treallybeharmed.

(2)A：Normanwent.Andheneverreturned.

B：Hewent?When?

A：Oh,abouttheendofJune.

B：Didhesendtherent?

A：Yes,andI'vefoundanewtenant,NancyNoble.

B：Ihopetherewon'tbeanyproblems.

A：Youdon*tknowNancy,doyou?

B：Well,Ioncelenthersomecashandsheneverreturnedit.

(3)Afriendishelpingyoutodoacrosswordpuzzle.

A：Ithinkit's"singing”.

B：No,"singing"iswrong.

A：Whatabout"ringing"?

B：No,"ringing"iswrong.

A；Well,canitbe"bringing"?

B：No,“bringing"iswrong.

A：Whatabout"thinking"?

B：Nonthinking”iswrong.

A：Well,isit“hanging”？

B：No,"hanging'*iswrong.

A：Whatabout“drinking”？

B：No,"drinking"iswrong.

AtOh,dear,isanythinggoingtoberight?

舌边音

舌边音(lateral)：气流通道中央阻塞，在阻塞处的两边或一边留下通道让气流自由通过时发

出的音。

英语中舌边音只有一个，就是：[I]

Readthedialogue,whilepayingattentiontothelateral.

A：Ifyoulookonthelibraryshelves,you'llfindAHistoryofthe

Lakes.TheLakeswerealarge,rich,butunluckyfamily.

Theyhadthirteenchildren.Thefirstelevenwerekilledin

mysteriousfatalaccidents.Andthetwelfth,Lance...Poor

Lancewaseatenbywolves.

B：Andtheremainingchild?ThelastoftheLakes?

A：Iwaslucky.Iinheritedeverything.NowsignthecontractorI

maystartcallingyoubrother!

半元音

半元音(semivowel)：即有声滑音e发这个音时，发音器官开始时轻微地发出一个本身响

度较弱的音，然后立即过渡到一个响度相同或更加显著的音6

英语中半元音有两个，它们是；

Readthedialogue,whilepayingattentiontothesemi-vowels.

A：Howmuchdowehavetogive?

B：Wedon'thavetogive.

A：111givewhateverMrs.Whitneygave.

B：Shegavefive.

A：Verywell,I,llgivefivedollars,too.

B：Shegavefivehundreddollars.

A：Oh,my!Shealwaysgivestoomuch.

Readthetwopoems.

(1)Wewaddleawayfromthewater.

Andnowwewillwaddleback.

Thenswish,swish,weareswimmingagain.

Quack!Quack!Quack!

(2)Whentheorchardyieldwillbegatheredsoon.

Andthefieldsbeyondareyellowwithcorn,

Thedoginouryardawakeswithayawn,

Andyapsandyelpsattheyellowmoon.

美式发音与英式发音的区别

标准英音和美音

标准美音：RP：ReceivedPronunciationGA：GeneralAmerican

标准英音：RP：ReceivedPronunciation

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别A

当字母r出现在单词的元音字母组合中时，北美英语会出现独特的卷舌音。

/2r//4r//ir//Ar//ur//3r/

/2rZcarfar/ir/dearnear/Ar/air/3r/formoredoorfloor

/Ur/suretourpoor/jur/fewercure/4r/herearnbird

/2ir/fireliarbuyer/2urZhourflowertowerpower

/3ir/employerdestroyer

Readthefollowingwords,whilepayingtothepronunciationoftheIr/.

(1)/2rs/farcarlargechargesmart

(2)/irs/dearclearfearcheerhere

(3)/ArZairdarepeartheirwhere

(4)Z3r/formoredoorpourbefore

(5)/Ur//jUr/surepoortourcurefewer

(6)/4r/herturnlearnwordfirst

(7)/2ir/firetiredhigherliarbuyer

(8)/2Ur/hourflourshowerpowertower

(9)/3ir/destroyeremployer

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别B

英语中的元音2/在用于/f,7,s/或鼻音前时，美语发为/1/,但在字母组合Im前发音不变仍为

121.

英音美音

1

2half/h2f/hlf7

(/\

\/bath■2:7//bl7/

/z3\

\l/pass/p2;s//pls/

/z4

\ask/2:sk//Isk/

⑸calm/k2:m//k2m/

(6)palm/p2:nV/p2m/

(7)father/f2:04//'f2O4r/

(8)plaza/pl2:z4Z/pl2z4/

(9)Chicago/5i'k2:g4u//5fk2g4u/

/2r/

Dialogue

AtaParty

Margaret：Where'syourglass,Barbara?

Barbara：It'sonthebar.

Martin：Barbara,Margaret!Comeintothegarden!MarthaandCharlesaredancing

onthegrass!

Margaret；Inthegarden?Whatalaugh!

Barbara；Sotheyare!

Margaret：Theyaredancingunderthestars!

Martin：AndArnold'splaynghisguitar.

Barbara：Doesn'tMarthalooksmart?

Margaret：LookatCharles!Whatamarvelousdancer!

Barbara：Ah!Let'stakeaphotographofMarthaandCharles.

Martin：Wecant.Itstoodark.

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别C

英语/3:/变为美语知或⑵。

英音美音

(1)bought/b3：t//b3t/或/b2t/

(2talk/t3：k/Zt3k/sE/t2k/

3

/b31/n£/b2l/

4\

1

/7b3/k3t/或/k2t/

5/k3/

/13:/13/W12/

5\7

—

//s3/s3/或/⑵

Readthefollowingwords,payingattentiontothepronunciationof131.

coffeewatercaughtlaw

boughtbosstalltalk

lawyerfoughtwalkball

causedrawdaughterAugust

sawoughtflawpaw

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别D

英语/3/变为美语/2/。

英音美音

1)»

2/hot/h3t//h2t/

/3cot/k3t//k2t/

\(

/clock/kI3k//kl2k/

V4

5shop/53p/152Pl

6box/b3x//b2x/

not/n3t//n2t/

Readthefollowingwords,whilepayingattentiontothedifferentpronunciationof/2/.

whatwantwashwatch

bottlepromiseshopjob

hottopcollegepot

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别E

英语/8/、/4/在美语中不再区分，读为/4/。

英音美音

/1)

\•

/2\above/4'b8v//4'b4v/

\/J

3but/b8t//b4t/

/4\touch/t8t5/Zt4t5/

\(/)

5love/I8v//14v/

blood/bl8d//b14d/

_P才ae

ctlc

/\叩x

1叩

V(/J

/2\

X(/!lovee

/3\lovt

\/cutcut

/4/k4t/

Kf

/5\another/4'n4()4i7another

\(/J

/6\above/4'b4v/above

\/

7bus/b4s/bus

(/

\8nut/n4t/nut

(J

>9sun/s4n/sun

fz

k1bun/b4n/bun

(/1\

\/cup/k4p/cup

美式发音与英式发音的区别

元音区别F

与英语中的/e/相比，美语中的反/口型向两侧分得略大一点。

英音美音

(1)bed/bed//bAd/

(2)head/hed//hAd/

Nowp1racticethesoundinwords.

/21egg/Ag/egg

Y(/1

/3\guess/gAs/guess

\(/J

4neckZnAk/neck

red/rAd/red

(/51\

\/let/lAt/let

美式发音与英式发音的区别

辅音区别A

AmericanT：字母T可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。其中在词首与词尾时的

发音技巧与英式英语相同，例tight/⑵人而在词中时，英国人的读法和词首、词尾一致，美国

人却有两种读法。

Flat[t]

由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音，听起来像一个非常轻的/d/。

bettercityletterlittlebottle

betternotedcitylittlecitizenpatioputting

Readthewords,whilepayingattentiontothepronunciationof/t/(=/d/).

cityfortybutter

waterdirtymatter

writerbetterBetty

It//d/

ItalianItaly

attackattic

atomicatom

photographyphotograph

美式发音与英式发音的区别

鼻腔爆破

鼻腔爆破(NasalPlosive)；由舌前端在上齿根部闭气，软颗放低，发出鼻辅音/n/的瞬间，

气流突然从鼻腔冲出，形成鼻腔爆破。

buttoncottonJthirteenX

buttonwrittencurtaineatenimportantLatin

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

word/1tw\ice.

\|,

27mutton/m4tn/mutton

/J\

\(/writtenwritten

3)/ntin//ntn/

•

24curtain/'k4:tin//,k4rtn/curtain

*4,

/5certain/s4:tin//*s4rtn/certain

\(eatenI'Meaten

(/6!\

\/button/'b8t4n//'b4ui/button

美式发音与英式发音的区别

辅音区别B

ClearL

ClearL：舌尖抵在上齿根部，再自然落下，发出类似汉语“了”的音。

lightletliplocallakelamp

Phrasesandsinglesentences

alovelygirlAlliswell.Letheralone.

totellalieateatnightDidheleave?

littlebylittletolivewelltotalkloud

IsDellatellingusalie?

Lauraleftalittleaftereleven.

AlllovelettersbelongtolooseLouise.

WouldyouliketolookatthelakewhereLarryLotterwaseatenforlunch?

Whereshallwemeetforlunch?

Alittleboyjustfellintothelake.

美式发音与英式发音的区别

DarkL

DarkL：舌尖抵在上齿根部但不落下,气流从舌边涌出，声带振动发/4/。

balltalkfailfeelillwolf

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

word/t1wice.

\

2\kill/kill/kill

/)

3school/skul/school

)soul/s4Ul/soul

4•

/5pail/p2il/pail

\(

6\boil/b3il/boil

/—toolZtul/tool

美式发音与英式发音的区别

单词中不同位置的L

字母L出现在单词的词首、词中、词尾时的发音；

字母L单独或以双写形式出现在单词的词中时，英国人只发一个ClearL。而美国人则先发

一个DarkL,再发一个ClearL。如；telephoneelephantamillion

⑴alive(2)alarm(3)believe⑷hollar

字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词的词首时，发ClearL。如：flyplayblame

climb。

字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词词尾时，英美人都发DaixL。如：feelbellfelt

belto

Practicethesound/I/asin“like”inseveraldifferentpositions.Listenandrepeatthese

words.

/I/ininitialposition

(1)look⑷lunch⑺laugh(10)loud

(2)labor(5)legal(8)lecture(11)lover

(3)license(6)lawyer(9)leader(12)literature

/I/inmedialposition

(1)alive⑷alarm(7)believe(10)dollar

(2)college(5)family(8)polite(11)toilet

(3)realize(6)island(9)popular(12)intelligent

/)/infinalposition

⑴all(4)pool(7)small(10)well

(2)heel⑸dial(8)female(11)April

(3)annual(6)install(9)control(12)schedule

美式发音与英式发音的区别

辅音区别C

/hw/的读法：辅音连缀wh,英国人读/w/,美国人读闻。但在字母。前，都读/h/。

Initial:

英音美音

Z1\

IJ!

\2/what/w3t//hw2t/

where/wer//hwAr/

(/3)\

\/which/wit5//hwi(5/

(/4)I

\/who/hu:/Zhu/

Medial;

somewherebobwhitemeanwhileoverwhelmwholewheat

中国学生的语音难点

Th字母组合

和“th”字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是/7/与/0/,它们的共同特点是把舌尖含在上下齿之

间“而汉语中几乎没有这样的发音方式，因此在发音习惯上给中国学生带来了难度。

Nowpracticethesesoundsinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeat

each/w11ordtwice.

\7X

/2thumb/74m/thumb

\author「374rlauthor

J/3n\

\4/path/pl7/path

)\

5/math/ml7/math

6another/4'n404rZanother

7smooth/smuO/smooth

(/!\

¥8/bathe/beO/bathe

(/

\clothe/kl4U0/clothe

中国学生的语音难点

W、V的区别

汉语中，尤其是北方话中,/w/与/v/经常混在一起，中国人很少注意这两个音的区别问题(注:

标准普通话中，/W是错误发音)。而英语中，这两个音是截然分开的。一个是半元音，发音时首

先双唇收圆，然后可以随后面元音的不同而过渡到不同的口形；一个是摩擦音，发音时上齿接

触下唇，气流通过时产生摩擦，无论同什么样的元音组合，首先都能听到明显的摩擦。

这两个音中国学生一般都会发.从技巧上并没有难度。注意它们在口形和发音方式上的区

别，并记住单词里发这两个音的字母分别为w和v,在朗读时留意一下即可。

(1)west(2)wet(3)wary

vestvetvery

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Notethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

wordtwice.

(1)wife7w2if7wife

(2)wait/wet/wait

(3)week/wik/week

(4)when/wAn/when

(5)vest/vAst/vest

⑹vine/v2in/vine

(7)view/vju/view

(8)van/vln/van

Practicethecontrast：/w/asin"wak'with/v/asin“voice”.

Listenandrepeateachwordpair.

(1)westvest(5)we“V”

(2)winevine(6)wetvet

(3)worseverse(7)wheelveal

(4)wailveil(8)whilevile

中国学生的语音难点

字母r在词首时的正确发音

发在词首的字母「也是中国人发音的一大难点。主要也是因为发音习惯的不同。中国人在

很多情况下把它发为类似汉语的“日”。而在英语中字母r是不会这样发音的。

roseroadriver

RobertRallyrolledaroundrollaroundtheroundroad.

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

word/t1w\ice.

k/

2\red/rAd/red

/J

3write/wr2it/write

4arrive/4'r2iv/arrive

borrow/'b3r4U/borrow

/5J\

\/carZk2r/car

(/6

>far/f2r/far

中国学生的语音难点

[2U]的发音困难

/2U/音发起来挺难的，很多学生会把这个音同元音/2/相混，或者用汉语语音中的ao取代。

soundroundouncehow

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

wordt1w\ice.

,)

2\out/2Ut/out

/

/3pound/p2Und/pound

\(

4doubt/d2Ut/doubt

5\pond/p2nd/pond

/

6Idot/d2t/dot

/—farZt2r/far

(/7J\

\/how/h2U/how

3)brown/braUn/brown

Contrast/2u/and121.

Studentsdonotusuallyhaveaproblempronouncingthesound/2U/asin“now”.

However,theymayconfuseitwith/2/asin"not".

Practicethesecontrastingwords.Listenandrepeateachwordpair.

z1Z2U//2//2U/

\

/2owah(6)spoutspot

\

3poundpond⑺downDon

/4townTom(8)foundfond

\(

/5\doubtdot(9)brownsbronze

\/shoutshot(10)scoutsScots

中国学生的语音难点

[h]的发音困难

同汉语拼音的h相比较，/h/是清辅音。有的同学经常会把何音发成类似汉语“喝”的音。

howhalfhead

Nowpracticethesoundinwords.Noticethephoneticspelling.Listenandrepeateach

wordtwice.

D

/whom/hum/whom

\z

\home/h4um/home

e/—

\hole/h4ul/hole

依!

/have/hlv/have

(5inhale/in'hel/inhale

en\

/rehearse/ri'h4rs/rehearse

PracticetheContrast：Wordswithinitial/h/asin“houseandwordswithout/h/.Some

studentsleaveoutthesound/h/whenitappearsatthebeginningofaword.

Listenandrepeateachwordpair.

withoutwithwithoutwith

/h//h//h//h/

(1)artheart(5)Ihigh

(2)eatheat(6)armharm

(3)airh