15选择性高考题型综合训练（人教版2019）

15选择性必修第四册高考题型综合训练一、阅读理解（一）It’ssaidthataboutonethirdoftheworld’scitizensliveinsubstandardhousing.Butresearchershavecreatedfreeplansnowavailableonlineforbuildinghousesusingpremadepartsthatfittogetherperfectly,whichcouldhelpsolvethishousingproblem.Theworldpopulationisexpectedtogrowtomorethan8billionby2030,andthehousingsituationincityisalreadyahugeproblem.Buildingnewhomesinthetraditionalwaystilltakesweeksormonths.InaLondonneighborhood,agroupofvolunteersareconstructingahousemadeofpremadeplywoodpanels(预制胶合板面板)andparts,thesocalledWikiHouse.AllpartswerepreciselycutinaputerNumericalControl,orCNCmachine,followingafreeplandownloadedfromtheInternet.FounderoftheUKbasedonWikiHouseFoundation,architecturaldesignerAlastairParvin,saidthiscouldbethesolutionforaffordablehousing.WikiHouseisessentiallyaseriesoftechnologieswe’redevelopingaimedatsimplifyingtheprocessofmakingreallysustainablehighperformancehousestoapointwherealmostanyonecandoit.Precisecuttingallowsaperfectfitforallparts,whichspeedsuptheprocessofassembly(装配).Nospecialtoolsarerequired.TheWikiHousewasbuiltin10daysforexhibitionpurposes.Then,itwastakenapartandreassembledelsewhereforpermanentuse.“Opensource(开源)softwareisnowreallyestablished;itdrivesalotofthesoftwareweuse,”Parvinsaid.“What'shappeningnowisthatthat'singintotheworldofphysicalthings,sowe'reeffectivelybuildingakindofWikipediaforphysicalmaterial.”Parvinsaidtheprojectisinitsearlystages,withlimitedavailability.Buthesaidheexpectsittogrowasmorepeoplestartshowinginterestinhouseswhoseassemblyrequiresnospecialskills.1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthehousingsituationinurbancenters?A．Serious. B．Acceptable. C．Good. D．mon.2．WhyisAlastairParvindevelopingWikiHouse?A．Becauseitlooksmorebeautiful.B．Becauseitsavesthetroubleofdesigning.C．Becauseworkersarefondofthework.D．Becauseitmakestheprocessofmakinghousessimple.3．WhichisoneoftheadvantagesoftheWikiHouse?A．Itissolid. B．Ittakesuplittleroom.C．Itsavestime. D．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.4．Judgingfromthelasttwoparagraphs,weknow_.A．ParviniscautiousaboutusingopensourcesoftwareB．ParvinthinksWikiHousetechnologyismatureC．ParvinisoptimisticaboutthefutureofWikiHouseD．ParvinistryinghisbesttomakeWikiHousecheaper【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍为了解决城市居民的住房问题，一种新的房屋建造技术WikiHouse应运而生。1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Theworldpopulationisexpectedtogrowtomorethan8billionby2030,andthehousingsituationincityisalreadyahugeproblem.Buildingnewhomesinthetraditionalwaystilltakesweeksormonths.(到2030年，世界人口预计将增长到80亿以上，城市的住房状况已经是一个巨大的问题。以传统方式建造新房仍然需要数周或数月的时间。)”可知，作者认为城市中心区住房形势严峻。故选A项。2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“WikiHouseisessentiallyaseriesoftechnologieswe’redevelopingaimedatsimplifyingtheprocessofmakingreallysustainablehighperformancehousestoapointwherealmostanyonecandoit.(WikiHouse本质上是我们正在开发的一系列技术，旨在简化制造真正可持续的高性能房屋的过程，使几乎任何人都能做到这一点。)”可知，AlastairParvin正在开发WikiHouse，因为它使房屋制作过程变得简单。故选D项。3．细节理解题。由文章第五段“Precisecuttingallowsaperfectfitforallparts,whichspeedsuptheprocessofassembly(装配).(精确的切割使所有零件都能完美贴合，从而加快了装配过程。)”可知，WikiHouse的一个优点是它节省了时间。故选C项。4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Parvinsaidtheprojectisinitsearlystages,withlimitedavailability.Buthesaidheexpectsittogrowasmorepeoplestartshowinginterestinhouseswhoseassemblyrequiresnospecialskills.(Parvin表示，该项目正处于早期阶段，可用性有限。但他表示，随着越来越多的人开始对组装不需要特殊技能的房屋表现出兴趣，他预计这一数字还会增长。)”以及上一段可知，Parvin对WikiHouse的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。（二）RichardBrowninghasbeenattractedbyflighteversincehisfathertookhimintothehillstoflygliders(滑翔机).Hehascertainlybeenanadventurer.Richardtookituponhimselftodevelophisownjetsuitandbegantoexperimentwithsomeofhisfriends.Hemadequickprogress.In2017,hefeltconfidentenoughtostartapanycalledGravityIndustriesthatcouldmakejetsuits.Ittook15monthstodeveloptheveryfirstone.Fiveverysmalljetenginesarebuiltintothejetsuit.Thesearepoweredbykerosene(煤油).Twoenginesarelocatedonthepilot’sarmsandoneisplacedontheback.Eachengineweighslessthantwokilosandcanproduce22kilosofthrust(推力).Thepilotisabletocontrolthedirectionandspeedoftheflight.Hedoesthisbysmallmovementsofthearmswhichrequirehoursofpractice.Onewrongmoveandyoucouldendupfallingtotheground.Richardisnotonlyinchargeofhispany;heisalsothechieftestpilot.Hehasspenthoursandhoursperfectingthecorrectmovestocreateaperfectflight.HewasabletoentertheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2017whenhebecamethefastestmaninajetsuitandflewat51kilometresperhour.Sincethen,hehaspresentedhisjetsuitat60eventsin20differentcountriesaroundtheworld.Morerecently,heflewalongsideBrightonPieronthesouthcoastofEnglandat136kilometresperhour!TheobjectiveofRichard’spanyhasbeentobuildasuitwhichmembersofthepubliccanbuy.Thefirstwentonsaleinadepartmentstorein2018forf340,000.Ifyouwanttojetaroundyourownhometown,it’stimetostartsaving—ortoworkforRichardBrowning.5．WhatdoweknowaboutRichard?A．Hewasabsorbedinflight. B．Heisnostrangertomisfortune.C．Heisslowinmakinguphismind. D．Hestartedhispanywithhisfather.6．WhatcanbeinferredaboutRichard’sjetsuit?A．Itiseasytocontrol. B．Itisthelightestintheworld.C．Itconsistsoftwoengines. D．Itleadstheworldinitsfield.7．WhatdoesRichardexpectofthejetsuitaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．It’llbemuchfaster. B．It’llsavemoreenergy.C．It’llreachordinarycustomerssoon. D．It’lleasehishometown’sheavytraffic.8．WhatcanwelearnfromRichard’sstory?A．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat. B．Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.C．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice. D．Luck,talentandfriendshiphelptoachievesuccess.【答案】5．A6．D7．C8．C【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了热爱飞行的理查德通过坚持不懈的实验最后成功开发该领域处于世界领先地位的飞行服。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“RichardBrowninghasbeenattractedbyflighteversincehisfathertookhimintothehillstoflygliders(滑翔机).(自从理查德·勃朗宁的父亲带他到山上驾驶滑翔机以来，他就被飞行所吸引。)”可知，他被飞行吸引。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In2017,hefeltconfidentenoughtostartapanycalledGravityIndustriesthatcouldmakejetsuits.Ittook15monthstodeveloptheveryfirstone.(2017年，他有足够的信心创办了一家名为重力工业的公司，可以制造喷气式飞机服。我们花了15个月才开发出第一个。)”；第二段“Fiveverysmalljetenginesarebuiltintothejetsuit.Thesearepoweredbykerosene(煤油).Twoenginesarelocatedonthepilot’sarmsandoneisplacedontheback.Eachengineweighslessthantwokilosandcanproduce22kilosofthrust(推力).(这套喷气服内置了五个非常小的喷气发动机。这些是由煤油提供动力的。两台发动机位于飞行员的手臂上，一台位于背部。每台发动机重量不到两公斤，可产生22公斤的推力。)”；第三段中“Thepilotisabletocontrolthedirectionandspeedoftheflight.(飞行员能够控制飞行的方向和速度。)”以及倒数第二段中“HewasabletoentertheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2017whenhebecamethefastestmaninajetsuitandflewat51kilometresperhour.(2017年，他以每小时51公里的速度成为世界上最快的喷气式飞机驾驶员，从而进入了吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，理查德的飞行服的性能非常先进，在该领域处于世界领先地位。故选D项。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheobjectiveofRichard’spanyhasbeentobuildasuitwhichmembersofthepubliccanbuy.Thefirstwentonsaleinadepartmentstorein2018forf340,000.(理查德公司的目标是制造一种公众可以购买的飞行服。第一件于2018年在一家百货公司上市，售价34万法郎。)”可知，普通消费者很快就能买到。故选C项。8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“In2017,hefeltconfidentenoughtostartapanycalledGravityIndustriesthatcouldmakejetsuits.Ittook15monthstodeveloptheveryfirstone.(2017年，他有足够的信心创办了一家名为重力工业的公司，可以制造喷气式飞机服。我们花了15个月才开发出第一个。)”以及倒数第二段中“Richardisnotonlyinchargeofhispany;heisalsothechieftestpilot.Hehasspenthoursandhoursperfectingthecorrectmovestocreateaperfectflight.HewasabletoentertheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsin2017whenhebecamethefastestmaninajetsuitandflewat51kilometresperhour.(理查德不仅负责他的公司；他还是首席试飞员。他花了好几个小时来完善正确的动作，创造出完美的飞行。2017年，他以每小时51公里的速度成为世界上最快的喷气式飞机驾驶员，从而进入了吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，文章主要讲述了热爱飞行的理查德通过坚持不懈的实验最后成功开发该领域处于世界领先地位的飞行服。我们从理查德的故事中学到：没有时间和实践，一个人不可能成功。故选C项。（三）Notmuchtrashandalmostnoplasticactuallygetsrecycled.AboutathirdofU.S.garbagegetsrecycled,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’smostrecentestimate.Therestgoestolandfills,whichreleasegreenhousegasesintotheatmosphereandpollutetheirsurroundings.Tomakerecyclingeasier,manyU.S.citiesdon’taskAmericanstoseparatepaper,glass,metalandplastic.Theyjustaskpeopletoputanythingrecyclableintoonebinandletwasteplantsdothesorting.Butwasteplantsdon’tcatcheverything.AIisnowanessentialtoolfortheworld’swastemanagementleaders.Greyparrot,atechpanyhasalreadyinstalledmorethan100AItrashspottersinabout50sortingfacilities.Greyparrot’sdeviceis,basically,asetofvisualandinfrared(红外线的)camerashookeduptoaputer,whichmonitorstrashasitpassesbyonaconveyorbeltandlabelsitunder70categories,fromloosebottlecapstobookstoaluminumcans.WasteplantscouldconnecttheseAIsystemstosortingrobotstohelpthemseparatetrashfromsomethingrecyclablemoreaccurately.TheycouldalsousetheAIasaqualitycontrolsystemtomeasurehowwellthey’resortingtrashfromsomethingrecyclable.Thatcouldhelpplantmanagersadjusttheirproductionlinestocovermorerecyclableobjects,orcheekthatabundleofrecyclableobjectsisfreeofpollutants,whichwouldallowthemtosellatahigherprice.Inthenextfewyears,somerecyclingpaniesplantoretrofit(改良)thousandsofmaterialrecoveryfacilitieswithAltrashspottingtools.Ofthesepanies,Bollegraafhasbuiltthousandsofthesefacilities,including340inNorthAmerica,accountingforamajorityoftherecoveryplantsintheworld.ThetrashspottingputerscouldonedayhelpregulatorspunishpaniesthatproducetsunamisofnonrecyclablepackagingbecausetheAIsystemsaresoaccuratethattheycanidentifythebrandsonindividualitems.PuttingtheAItoolsinthousandsofwasteplantscanraiserecyclingpercentage.Iftheneedlecanbemovedbyeven5to10percent,thatwouldbeaphenomenalouteforgreenhousegasemissionsandenvironmentalimpact.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinParagraph1?A．Peoplepaylittleattentiontoenvironmentalprotection.B．TheUShasnotrecycleallthetrash.C．Greenhousegasisamajorcontributortoairpollution.D．Peopleinothercountriesshowlittleenthusiasmforrecycling.10．HowdoesGreyparrot’sAIsystemwork?A．Itworkswithsortingrobots. B．Itadjuststheproductionline.C．Itmonitorstheconveyorbelt. D．Itcontrolscamerasinaputer.11．WhatcanbeinferredaboutAItoolsinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theyarehighlyprofitable. B．Theyhaveunforeseeableprospect.C．Theywillbewellreceived. D．Theypresentachallengeforregulators.12．Wherecanyoureadthepassage?A．Onawebsiteabouteducation. B．Inaneconomicsmagazine.C．Inasciencefiction. D．Inasciencenewspaper.【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．D【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在垃圾处理中，一种Greyparrot人工智能系统能更准确、高效地与机器人合作帮助可回收物进行回收利用。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Notmuchtrashandalmostnoplasticactuallygetsrecycled.AboutathirdofU.S.garbagegetsrecycled,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’smostrecentestimate.(没有多少垃圾，几乎没有塑料被回收利用。根据EnvironmentalProtectionAgency的最新估计，美国约有三分之一的垃圾得到了回收。)”可知，在美国，并非所有垃圾都被回收利用。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Greyparrot’sdeviceis,basically,asetofvisualandinfrared(红外线的)camerashookeduptoaputer,whichmonitorstrashasitpassesbyonaconveyorbeltandlabelsitunder70categories,fromloosebottlecapstobookstoaluminumcans.WasteplantscouldconnecttheseAIsystemstosortingrobotstohelpthemseparatetrashfromsomethingrecyclablemoreaccurately.(Greyparrot的设备基本上是一套与电脑相连的视觉和红外摄像头，它可以监控传送带上经过的垃圾，并将其分为70个类别，从松散的瓶盖到书籍再到铝罐。垃圾处理厂可以将这些人工智能系统与分类机器人连接起来，帮助它们更准确地将垃圾与可回收物分开。)”可知，Greyparrot人工智能系统通过与分拣机器人合作将垃圾与可回收物分开。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Inthenextfewyears,somerecyclingpaniesplantoretrofit(改良)thousandsofmaterialrecoveryfacilitieswithAltrashspottingtools.Ofthesepanies,Bollegraafhasbuiltthousandsofthesefacilities,including340inNorthAmerica,accountingforamajorityoftherecoveryplantsintheworld.(在接下来的几年里，一些回收公司计划用人工智能垃圾识别工具改造数千个材料回收设施。在这些公司中，Bollegraaf已经建造了数千个这样的设施，其中包括北美的340个，占世界上回收工厂的大部分。)”及最后一段“ThetrashspottingputerscouldonedayhelpregulatorspunishpaniesthatproducetsunamisofnonrecyclablepackagingbecausetheAIsystemsaresoaccuratethattheycanidentifythebrandsonindividualitems.PuttingtheAItoolsinthousandsofwasteplantscanraiserecyclingpercentage.(有一天，垃圾识别电脑可以帮助监管机构惩罚那些生产大量不可回收包装的公司，因为人工智能系统非常准确，可以识别单个物品上的品牌。将人工智能工具放入数千个垃圾处理厂可以提高回收率。)”可推知，在垃圾处理方面，AI技术已经投入使用，且由于其准确性，高效性，很受欢迎。故选C。12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“AIisnowanessentialtoolfortheworld’swastemanagementleaders.

Greyparrot,atechpanyhasalreadyinstalledmorethan100AItrashspottersinabout50sortingfacilities.(人工智能现在是世界废物管理领导者的重要工具。科技公司Greyparrot已经在大约50个分类设施中安装了100多个人工智能垃圾检测仪。)”和第三段“Greyparrot’sdeviceis,basically,asetofvisualandinfrared(红外线的)camerashookeduptoaputer,whichmonitorstrashasitpassesbyonaconveyorbeltandlabelsitunder70categories,fromloosebottlecapstobookstoaluminumcans.(Greyparrot的设备基本上是一套与电脑相连的视觉和红外摄像头，它可以监控传送带上经过的垃圾，并将其分为70个类别，从松散的瓶盖到书籍再到铝罐。)”可知，本文主要讨论了人工智能在垃圾回收和废物管理中的应用及其潜力，以及这种技术对环境保护和可持续发展的潜在影响，因此可以在科学报纸上读到这篇文章。故选D。（四）Threescientistsjointlywonthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysicsforprovingthattinyparticles(粒子)couldkeepaconnectionwitheachotherevenwhenseparated,aphenomenononcedoubtedbutnowbeingexploredforpotentialrealworldapplicationssuchasencodinginformation.FrenchmanAlainAspect,AmericanJohnF.ClauserandAustrianAntonZeilingerwerequotedbytheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesforexperimentsprovingthe“totallycrazy”fieldofquantumentanglements(量子纠缠)tobealltooreal.Theydemonstratedthatunseenparticles,suchasphotons(光子),canbelinked,or“entangled”,witheachotherevenwhentheyareseparatedbylargedistances.Inquantumentanglement,establishingmoninformationbetweentwophotonsnotneareachother“allowsustodothingslikesecretmunication,inwayswhichweren’tpossibletodobefore”,saidDavidHaviland,chairoftheNobelmitteeforPhysics.Quantuminformation“hasbroadandpotentialeffectsinareassuchassecureinformationtransmission,quantumputingandsensingtechnology”.ThekindofsecuremunicationusedbyChina’sMiciussatellite,aswellasbysomebanks,isa“successstoryofquantumentanglement”,saidHarunSiljakofTrinityCollegeDublin.TheNobelmitteesaidClauserdevelopedquantumtheoriesfirstputforwardinthe1960sintoapracticalexperiment.Aspectwasabletocorrectanerrorinthosetheories,whileZeilingerdemonstratedaphenomenoncalledquantumteleportationthateffectivelyallowsinformationtobesentoverdistances.“Usingentanglementyoucansendalltheinformationwhichiscarriedbyanobjectovertosomeotherplacewheretheobjectis.”Zeilingersaid.Headdedthatthisonlyworksfortinyparticles.“ItisnotlikeintheStarTrekfilmstransportingsomething,certainlynottheperson,oversomedistance,”hesaid.13．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutquantumentanglementsisNOTtrue?A．Scientistsweredoubtfulwhetheritexistsintherealworld.B．TheNobelPrizewinnerhasputitintopracticalexperiment.C．Twoparticlescanactuallybeconnectedregardlessofdistances.D．Themoredistant2photonsget,thelessentangledthey’llbee.14．Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“transmission”?A．Affecting. B．Transforming.C．municating. D．Spreading.15．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theachievementsthese3scientistshavegotindividually.B．Theexplanationforinformationtransmissionoverlargedistances.C．Theclarificationthatsciencefictionisnoequaltoscientifictheory.D．Thereasonwhythese3scientistssharethisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics.16．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Classicalphysicscanbeappliedtotinyparticles.B．Quantumphysicsisthefocusofmodernphysicalresearch.C．Particles,photons,andquantaareallthebasicpositionofmatter.D．Quantumentanglementscancontributetomorecuttingedgetechnologies.【答案】13．D14．C15．A16．D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。三位科学家因实验证明量子纠缠现象，即粒子间不论距离多远都能相互连接，而共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，该发现正推动着安全通信、量子计算等尖端技术的发展。13．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Theydemonstratedthatunseenparticles,suchasphotons(光子),canbelinked,or“entangled”,witheachotherevenwhentheyareseparatedbylargedistances.(他们证明了看不见的粒子，如光子，即使相隔很远，也可以相互连接或“纠缠”在一起。)”可知，量子纠缠现象证明了即使粒子相隔很远也能保持连接，并没有提到距离越远纠缠程度会降低。故选D。14．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Inquantumentanglement,establishingmoninformationbetweentwophotonsnotneareachother“allowsustodothingslikesecretmunication,inwayswhichweren’tpossibletodobefore”,saidDavidHaviland,chairoftheNobelmitteeforPhysics.(诺贝尔物理学奖委员会主席大卫·哈维兰说，在量子纠缠中，在两个相距不近的光子之间建立共同信息“使我们能够以以前不可能做到的方式进行秘密通信等事情”。)”和“secureinformation(安全信息)”可知，“secureinformationtransmission”指的是安全信息交流或传递，transmission在此上下文中指的是信息的“交流或传递”。A.Affecting影响；B.Transforming转换；C.municating交流，沟通；D.Spreading传播。故选C。15．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中“TheNobelmitteesaidClauserdevelopedquantumtheoriesfirstputforwardinthe1960sintoapracticalexperiment.Aspectwasabletocorrectanerrorinthosetheories,whileZeilingerdemonstratedaphenomenoncalledquantumteleportationthateffectivelyallowsinformationtobesentoverdistances.“Usingentanglementyoucansendalltheinformationwhichiscarriedbyanobjectovertosomeotherplacewheretheobjectis.”Zeilingersaid.Headdedthatthisonlyworksfortinyparticles.“ItisnotlikeintheStarTrekfilmstransportingsomething,certainlynottheperson,oversomedistance,”hesaid.(诺贝尔委员会表示，Clauser将20世纪60年代首次提出的量子理论发展为实际实验。Aspect能够纠正这些理论中的一个错误，而Zeilinger则展示了一种被称为量子隐形传态的现象，这种现象有效地允许信息跨越距离发送。“利用纠缠，你可以将物体携带的所有信息发送到物体所在的其他地方。”齐林格说。他补充说，这只适用于微小的颗粒。他说：“这不像《星际迷航》电影中那样，在一定距离内运送东西，当然不是运送人。”)”可知，最后一段分别介绍了Clauser、Aspect和Zeilinger三位科学家在量子纠缠领域的个人贡献，如将理论发展为实验、纠正错误以及展示量子隐形传态等。故选A。16．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Theydemonstratedthatunseenparticles,suchasphotons(光子),canbelinked,or“entangled”,witheachotherevenwhentheyareseparatedbylargedistances.(他们证明了看不见的粒子，如光子，即使相隔很远，也可以相互连接或“纠缠”在一起。)”和第二段中“Quantuminformation“hasbroadandpotentialeffectsinareassuchassecureinformationtransmission,quantumputingandsensingtechnology”.ThekindofsecuremunicationusedbyChina’sMiciussatellite,aswellasbysomebanks,isa“successstoryofquantumentanglement”,saidHarunSiljakofTrinityCollegeDublin.(量子信息“在安全信息传输、量子计算和传感技术等领域具有广泛和潜在的影响”。TrinityCollegeDublin的HarunSiljak表示，中国的墨子号卫星以及一些银行使用的那种安全通信，是“量子纠缠的成功案例”。)”可知，量子纠缠不仅在理论上得到证实，而且已经开始在诸如安全通信和量子计算等前沿科技领域展现出实际应用潜力，即量子纠缠可以为更尖端的技术做出贡献。故选D。二、七选五（一）You’vesizedupthebenefitsofvolunteering,lookedoveryourschedule,anddecidedyouhaveboththetimeanddesiretogivebacktoyourmunity.17Herearesometipstofindandgetsuitablevolunteeropportunitiesinyourarea—orfartherafield.Identifyyourvalues.18Makealistofthevaluesthatdriveyou,ortheissuesyoucareabout,andthenlookfororganizationswithplementary(互补的)missionsandopportunities.Forinstance,ifyourprimarymotivationistostrengthensocialconnectionswithpeers,youmightlooktoorganizationssuchasschoolgroupsthatrequireinteractionwithotherparents,orneighbors.Ifyou’remotivatedtoservethelessfortunate,youmighttargetorganizationsthatworkwithhousinginsecurepopulations,peoplewithdisabilitiesormembersofhistoricallydisadvantagedgroups.Motivationsforvolunteeringareasdiverseasthevolunteersharboringthem.19Trytoinvolvethewholefamily.Manyparentswhovolunteerturngivingbackintoafamilyaffair.munityserviceisagreatwaytoteachkidsthevalueofselflessness.20Lookforvolunteerengagementsthatwelepeopleofallagesandabilities,andscheduletimeforthewholefamilytoparticipate—whetherthatmeansspendinganafternoonpickinguptrashonthesideofthehighway,oraweekinafarawayfloodzone.21Onceyoufindawellrunorganizationthatalignswith(符合)youravailability,values,talents,andobjectives,workwithyourcontacttheretosetavolunteerschedulethatfitsyourlife.Ifyou’reexploringafrequentengagement—say,aweeklyorbiweeklymitment—thinkcarefullyabouthowmuchtimeyoucanaffordtodonate.It’sbettertomittoshorterorlessfrequentvolunteerhoursthantotakeonanunmanageableworkload.A．Whatmotivatesyoutogiveback?B．Don’tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchew.C．Areyoureadytobuildalistofidealplacestovolunteer?D．It’salsoanopportunitytospendmoretimewithyourfamily.E．Don’toverthinktheprocessoffindingopportunitiestovolunteer.F．Whateveryourmotivationsare,there’sanorganizationouttherethatneedsyourhelp.G．Nowesthemostdifficultpart:findingvolunteeropportunitiesthatarerightforyou.【答案】17．G18．A19．F20．D21．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过志愿服务来回馈社会。17．根据上文“You’vesizedupthebenefitsofvolunteering,lookedoveryourschedule,anddecidedyouhaveboththetimeanddesiretogivebacktoyourmunity.(你已经评估了志愿服务的好处，查看了你的时间表，并决定你有时间和愿望来回馈你的社区)”以及下文“Herearesometipstofindandgetsuitablevolunteeropportunitiesinyourarea—orfartherafield.(这里有一些建议，可以帮助你在当地或更远的地方找到合适的志愿者机会)”可知，后文给出了寻找志愿者机会的建议，可知本句实在说明找到机会的困难，后文给出解决方案。故G项“现在最困难的部分来了：找到适合你的志愿者机会”符合语境。故选G。18．根据本段标题“Identifyyourvalues.(确定你的价值观)”以及下文“Makealistofthevaluesthatdriveyou,ortheissuesyoucareabout,andthenlookfororganizationswithplementarymissionsandopportunities.(列出驱动你的价值观，或者你关心的问题，然后寻找具有互补使命和机会的组织)”可知，本句与寻找你的志愿者价值观有关系。故A项“是什么激励你回馈社会”符合语境。故选A。19．根据上文“Ifyou’remotivatedtoservethelessfortunate,youmighttargetorganizationsthatworkwithhousinginsecurepopulations,peoplewithdisabilitiesormembersofhistoricallydisadvantagedgroups.Motivationsforvolunteeringareasdiverseasthevolunteersharboringthem.(如果你有动力为那些不幸的人服务，你可能会把目标对准那些为没有住房保障的人、残疾人或历史上处于不利地位的群体工作的组织。志愿者的动机和他们的志愿者一样多样)”可知，上文支出志愿者的动机是各种各样的，本句为本段最后一句，故总结上文，说明动机与志愿者工作之间的关系。F选项中motivations对应上文motivated。故F项“无论你的动机是什么，肯定会有适合你的志愿机构”符合语境。故选F。20．根据上文“munityserviceisagreatwaytoteachkidsthevalueofselflessness.(社区服务是教育孩子无私价值的好方法)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明社区服务的好处，D选项中It指代上文munityservice。故D项“这也是一个与家人共度更多时光的机会”符合语境。故选D。21．通读本段尤其是“It’sbettertomittoshorterorlessfrequentvolunteerhoursthantotakeonanunmanageableworkload.(与其承担难以管理的工作量，不如缩短或减少志愿服务时间)”可知，本段的主旨是量力而行参加志愿服务。故B项“量力而行”符合语境。故选B。（二）Whetheryouaretravellingforbusinessorpleasure,everytripneedsalittleplanning.Travelplanningdoesn’thavetobestressful,though.Herearesomesimplestepsforyou.Startplanninginadvance.22Internationaltripscantakemonthstoplan.Tripsduringhighseasons,likesummervocations,needtobeplannedfurtheroutthantripsduringlowseasons.23Beforeyoudoanything,youneedtoknowhowmuchmoneyyouwillhaveforthistravel.Itiseasytooverspendwhenyouaretravellingifyoudon’tplanahead.Sostartyourplanningbyworkingouthowmuchyouwanttospendontransportation,food,sightseeingandhotels.Makereservations.Bookingtransportationandacmodationsinadvanceisquitenecessary.Thingslikeflights,trainsandevencarrentalscanbequitedifferentdependingonwhenandwhereyoubookthem.It’sworthconsideringbookingacmodationsonline.Therearemanyreliablewebsitesforbookinghotels.24Makeatourroutine.Makeyourroutinesimpleandclear.Youdon’tneedtoplanouteveryminuteofeveryday.25Researchingandplanningthesebeforeyouleaveallowsyoutoseeanddomoreofyouwant.Packyouressentials.26Forexample,yourIDcardandmobilephonecharges.Checkthenightbeforeyoudepart.Checktheweatherandpackproperclothingforyourtrip.A．Getreadytogo.B．Setatravelbudget.C．Seeyourdoctorforhealthconcernsbeforeyourtrip.D．Thelongeryouwait,themoreexpensivethesewillget.E．Thefurtherawayyouwanttogo,theearlieryouneedtoplan.F．Butscheduletimeforthethingsyoureallywanttoseeanddo.G．Nomatterwhereyou’regoing,therearesomenecessitiestotake.【答案】22．E23．B24．D25．F26．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何做旅游计划。22．本段小标题是“Startplanninginadvance.(提前开始计划。)”，因此本段主要讲的是计划，空格处也应该是关于计划的，E选项“Thefurtherawayyouwanttogo,theearlieryouneedtoplan.(你想去的地方越远，你就需要越早计划。)”是关于计划的，说明了计划的必要性，符合本段语境，故选E。23．空格处是本段小标题，由空后“Beforeyoudoanything,youneedtoknowhowmuchmoneyyouwillhaveforthistravel.Itiseasytooverspendwhenyouaretravellingifyoudon’tplanahead.Sostartyourplanningbyworkingouthowmuchyouwanttospendontransportation,food,sightseeingandhotels.(在你做任何事情之前，你需要知道这次旅行你会有多少钱。如果你不提前计划，旅行时很容易超支。所以开始你的计划吧，算出你想在交通、食物、观光和酒店上花多少钱。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要做预算，B选项“Setatravelbudget.(制定旅行预算。)”概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题，故选B。24．前文“It’sworthconsideringbookingacmodationsonline.Therearemanyreliablewebsitesforbookinghotels.(网上预订住宿是值得考虑的。有许多可靠的预订酒店的网站)”表示可以提前网上预订，D选项“Thelongeryouwait,themoreexpensivethesewillget.(你等得越久，这些东西就越贵。)”同样对于前文网上预订补充说明，表示要提前预定，符合语境，故选D。25．空前“Makeyourroutinesimpleandclear.Youdon’tneedtoplanouteveryminuteofeveryday.(让你的安排简单明了。你不需要把每天的每一分钟都计划好。)”说明时间不用安排得很紧，空格处应该说正确的安排是什么样的，F选项“Butscheduletimeforthethingsyoureallywanttoseeanddo.(但是要为你真正想看和想做的事情安排时间。)”与前文转折，表示要将时间安排在自己想要去的地方，符合语境，故选F。26．本段小标题是“Packyouressentials.(打包你的必需品。)”，因此本段主要讲的是要带上随身物品，空格处会提到随身物品，也就是必需品，G选项“Nomatterwhereyou’regoing,therearesomenecessitiestotake.(无论你去哪里，都有一些必需品要带。)”说明要带上必需品，因此符合本段语境，故选G。（三）Oneinfourofusatsomepointwillexperiencementalhealthproblems.Itisthereforenotonlypossible,butprobablethateitheryouorsomeonewillstrugglewithyourmentalhealthatsomepointinyourlife.27Oneoftheseimportantfactorsiswork.Thefollowingisabouthowyoucanspeaktoyourbossabouthowworkisaffectingyourmentalhealthandpossiblesolutions.Insight,honestyanddenialarearguablythebiggestbarrierthatpersonsmustovere.Beforeyoucanhaveanhonest,andtransparentconversationwithyourboss,youneedtohavethatconversationwithyourself.Unfortunately,despiteprogressoverrecentyearsinreducingmentalhealthrelatedstigma(羞耻)online,therealityisthatstigmacontinuesto