2022年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析

2022年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语(二)试

题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou'reawriter,you'IIfindthetime;andthatif

youcan*tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'tapriorityandyou*renotawriter.For

him,writingisa1job-ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingout

thataplumberdoesn,twakeupandsaythathecan*tworkwithpipestoday.

3,likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,

itsnot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butitsnotimpossible.Itrequires

determinationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbegan

writingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriters

whoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.

AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it1sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritinga

priority,you'IIhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyou

reallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspending

lesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite

11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyou

do.You'IIhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily；

time-consuming14.There7IIprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriends

andlesstimewithyourfamily.Itsa15learningcurve,anditwon'talwaysmake

youpopular.

There"sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16your

writing-andthat*sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyas

theycan;itstheone17supporter-somethingyoucan'tdowithout.

Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitas

carefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwe

spendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,that

means20writing.

1.[A]difficult[B]normal[C]steady[D]pleasant

2.[A]combined[B]compared[C]confused[D]confronted

3.[A]If[B]Though[C]Once[D]Unless

4.[A]enough[B]strange[C]wrong[D]easy

5.[A]Accept[B]Explain[C]Remember[D]Suppose

6.[A]well-known[B]well-advised[C]well-informed[D]well-chosen

7.[A]donate[B]generate[C]supplement[D]calculate

8.[A]cause[B]purpose[C]question[D]condition

9.[A]highlight[B]sacrifice[C]continue[D]explore

10.[A]relations[B]interests[C]memories[D]skills

11.[A]until[B]because[C]while[D]before

12.[A]putupwith[B]makeupfor[C]hangonto[D]cutdownon

13.[A]intelligent[B]occasional[C]intensive[D]emotional

14.[A]habit[B]test[C]decision[D]plan

15.[A]tough[B]gentle[C]rapid[D]funny

16.[A]inplaceof[B]inchargeof[C]inresponseto[D]inadditionto

17.[A]indispensable[B]innovative[C]invisible[D]instant

18.[A]duller[B]harder[C]quieter[D]quicker

19.[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productively[D]gratefully

20[A]atmost[B]inturn[C]onaverage[D]aboveall

【答案】

1.[B]normal

2.[B]compared

3.[B]Though

4.[D]easy

5.[C]Remember

6.[A]well-known

7.[C]supplement

8.[C]question

9.[B]sacrifice

10.[B]interests

11.[C]while

12.[D]cutdownon

13.[B]occasional

14.[A]habit

15.[A]tough

16.[D]inadditionto

17.[A]indispensable

18.[D]quicker

19.[C]productively

20.[D]aboveall

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,BzCorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown's40

windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Others

drinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit'sbydesign,partofwhat

the$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendly

eggs.

Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8a

dozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey*realsofrombirds

thatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture—specialtechniquestocultivate

richsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelping

tofightclimatechange.

"Vmexcitedaboutourprogress/'saysBrown,whoharvestseggsfor

Denver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawworms

andcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields.Such

improvements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwill

begoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers/1

Theeggindustry1spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproducts

fromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymore

thanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductin

naturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilar

doubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedinto

majorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcould

openthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.

Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughto

definequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsat

PennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,

improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshave

moreprotein).

Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremium

attributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembrace

sustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedabout

climatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkedupto

shopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironmentYoungadults

Mreallycareabouttheplanet,"saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEgg

Innovations."TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeven

theyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.”

21.Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.

[A]ataconsiderablylowcost

[B]atthedemandofregularshoppers

[C]asareplacementfororganiceggs

[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms

22.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin.

[A]reducingthedamageofclimatechange

[B]acceleratingthedisposalofwaste

[C]creatingasustainablesystem

[D]attractingcustomerstohisproducts

23.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest

[A]thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds

[B]thesetbacksintheeggindustry

[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts

[D]thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets

24.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople

[A]arereluctanttochangetheirdiet

[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs

[C]arecuriousaboutnewfood

[D]areamazedatagricultureadvances

25.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerative

products.

[A]marketprospects

[B]standarddefinition

[C]nutritionalvalue

[D]moralimplication

【答案】

21.[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句：

Thisallseemsrandom,butitsbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendly

eggs（这看起来随意，但其实是设计好的，是下一个大事件气候友好蛋的一部分）。其中This

指的是第一段开头描述的养鸡农场景象。养鸡农场是设计好的，用于生产气候友好蛋，由此

可知气候友好蛋是在speciallydesignedfarms（经过特别设计的农场）上生产的，所以本题

选Do

22.[C]creatingasustainablesystem

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress

定位到第三段①句，该句提到（Brown）isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawworms

andcricketsforthechickenstoeat（Browr）正在添加更多的覆盖作物来吸引蠕虫和蟋蟀

给鸡吃）。结合②句Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields（然后鸡的排泄物可以给田地施

肥）和③句中的Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-quality

naturalfeed…"（这样的改进使我们的母鸡能够找到更高质量的天然食物）可知，C项

creatingasustainablesystem（创造一个可持续的系统）是对①-③句的合理概括，所以本

题选C。

23.[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts

【解析】本题为例证题。例证题通常考查根据论据寻找论点的能力，论点一般在论据

的前面。根据题干关键词organiceggs定位到第四段②句，该句为论据，其所要说明的事

物为①句：whetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenext

premiumoffering（来自再生农场的动物产品能否成为下一个优质产品）。C项the

potentialofregenerativeproducts（再生产品的潜力）是对①句中问题的合理概括，所以

本题选C。

24.[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句：

youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange（年轻一代更力口关心

气候变化）。结合③句中的Youngadults"reallycareabouttheplanet"（年轻人真的关

心地球）和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchain（他们绝对在改变食物链）,

可以判断年轻人很可能在从食物方面为改善气候和地球环境做贡献。B项arelikelytobuy

climate-friendlyeggs（可能购买气候友好蛋）是对②-④句的合理推断，所以本题选B。

25.[A]marketprospects

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的JohnBrunnquell定位到最后一段中的③句,

Brunnquell说年轻人真的关心地球。结合④句他说年轻人绝对在改变食物链，可见他认为

年轻人可能通过消费气候友好蛋等再生产品来保护地球，对再生产品的市场前景是乐观的。

再根据题干中的JulieStanton定位到倒数第二段的①句，Stanton说Regenerative

productscouldbeahardsell（再生产品可能要被强行推销），可见她对再生产品的市场前

景是悲观的。因此这两人在再生产品的市场前景方面的观点是不一致的，A项market

prospects（市场前景）准确指出了两人观点的分歧所在，所以本题选A。

Text2

MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthat

threatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.

OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobin

retirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarris

PollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof

°unretirees0-thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafter

retiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenough

moneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.

Financialneedsarenzttheonlyculpritforthe"unretirement“trend.Other

reasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstaying

mentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.

“Theconceptofretirementisevolving/'saidChristineRussell,senior

managerofretirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalue

ofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement/1

Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.

Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprior

year,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.Thatsalsoup30.2%since2010.

Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingsto

preservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000

adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10"unretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsin

anticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularways

theyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,

securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementare

preparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlater

years,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirm

FacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadviserto

setlong-termfinancialgoals.

“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamily

andultimatelyretiring/'Weisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butan

emotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan'tretire.”

26.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.

[A]overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork

[B]theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes

[C]oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement

[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement

27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.

[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem

[B]boredomcanberelievedafterretirement

[C]thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked

[D]"unretirement"contributestotheeconomy

28.Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.

[A]laborshortage

[B]populationgrowth

[C]longerlifeexpectancy

[D]risinglivingcosts

29.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.

[A]investingmoreinstocks

[B]takingupoddjobs

[C]gettingwell-paidwork

[D]spendingless

30.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.

[A]unprepared

[B]unafraid

[C]disappointed

[D]enthusiastic

【答案】

26.[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位

至第二段①句：OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajob

inretirementtoprepareforalongerlife。D项中的arewillingtoworkin

retirement（愿意在退休后工作）是对原文haveorplantohaveajobinretirement（已经

或计划在退休后获得一份工作）的同义转述，所以本题选Do

27.[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph3定位到第三段,Americanstend

tothinkthat在第三段中没有对应内容，第三段整体分析了美国人选择在退休后继续工作

的原因。①句说明经济需求不是唯一原因，②句列举了其他原因，诸如保持精神健康，避免

无聊或沮丧，由此可反推，美国人认为退休会给自身带来此类问题，所以本题选A。

28.[C]longerlifeexpectancy

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到

第五段①句Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansareliving

longer,,C项longerlifeexpectancy（更长的预期寿命）为该句中Americansareliving

longer（美国人的寿命越来越长）的同义转述，所以本题选C。

29.[D]spendingless

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①

句Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,及②句Six

in10"unretirees"areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,这

两句都在描述美国人增加储蓄的事实，紧承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaysthey

aredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受欢

迎的方式之一减少总体开支，对应了D项，所以本题选D。

30.[A]unprepared

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeiss

定位至U第七段①句Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirement

arepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheir

lateryears,saidBrentWeiss»由该句becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingends

meetintheirlateryears（因为他们担心晚年入不敷出）可推知，许多人并没有准备好退休，

对应了A项，所以本题选A。

Text3

Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.

Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershipor

subscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.

Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionally

orunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdark

patterns.

Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"

isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethe

decision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondark

patterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,wherea

userexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhenthe

usertriestogetout.

Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchers

foundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidely

prevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessand

nonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareas

theyengender.

Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?

BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegal

teamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthe

customer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suser

interface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,

checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayarolein

creatingoravoiding"digitaldeception/'

Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityaround

darkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorney

GeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCalifornia

ConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedor

misledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights."Theregulationsaimto

bandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusing

languageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiple

screensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldnztoptout.”

Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneed

forgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalso

canbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationshold

themselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybest

practicesandstandard.

31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns.

[A]improveuserexperiences

[B]leakuserinformationforprofit

[C]undermineusers'decision-making

[D]remindusersofhiddencosts

32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow

[A]theirmajorflaws

[B]theircomplexdesigns

[C]theirseveredamage

[D]theirstrongpresence

33.Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould.

[A]listentocustomerfeedback

[B]talkwithrelevantteams

[C]turntoindependentagencies

[D]relyonprofessionaltraining

34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto

[A]guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses

[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked

[C]grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights

[D]restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis

[A]newlegalrequirements

[B]businesses'self-discipline

[C]strictregulatorystandards

[D]consumers'safetyawareness

【答案】

31.[C]undermineusers'decision-making

32.[D]theirstrongpresence

33.[B]talkwithrelevantteams

34.[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked

35.[B]businesses'self-discipline

Text4

Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureif

theirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingon

contrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.Butanewstudy

publishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingle

ethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.

Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession'simpactoneatingmeat.They

chosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEric

Schwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students/

attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,and

ethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreduces

environmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlarge

philosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionally

watchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.The

otherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,the

researchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthat

semester-nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.

Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehad

previouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsona

rangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrary

books.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchases

containingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent—andthiseffectheldsteadyfor

thestudy'sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremained

at52percent.

"That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,“

Schwitzgebelsays.

PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnot

involvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsome

unknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversibleby

anothernudge:"Easycomezeasygo.”

Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocial

influence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhave

sharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,

thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrational

argument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowthe

researchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants/

eatinghabitsandstudents'videoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel—whohad

predictednoeffect—willbeeatinghiswords.

36.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare.

[A]hardtodetermine

[B]narrowlyinterpreted

[C]difficulttoignore

[D]poorlysummarized

37.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudy

meat-eating?

[A]Itiscommonamongstudents.

[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.

[C]Itisimportanttostudents'health.

[D]Itisahottopicinethicsclasses.

38.EricSchwitzgebePspreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors

[A]areseldomcriticaloftheirstudents

[B]arelesssociablethanotherprofessors

[C]arenotsensitivetopoliticalissues

[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter

39.NinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis.

[A]permanent

[B]predictable

[C]uncertain

[D]unrepeatable

40.EricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents'changeinbehavior

[A]canbringpsychologicalbenefits

[B]canbeanalyzedstatistically

[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors

[D]isasignofself-development

【答案】

36.[A]hardtodetermine

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Scientists、ethicsclasses定位到第一段①

句的前半句：Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsare

unsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior。其中canactuallychange

behavior（确实能够改变行为）指的就是题干中的effects（效果）0A项hardtodetermine（很

难确定）是对①句中unsure（不确定的）的同义替换。所以本题选A。

37.[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词reason定位到第二段②句：Theychosethis

particularbehaviorforthreereasonsstudents'attitudesonthetopicare

variableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargely

agreesthateatinglessmeatisgood…。其中They指theresearchers,thisparticular

指项（它是一种容易测量的

behaviormeat-eatingoBItisabehavioreasytomeasure

行为）是对②句中behavioriseasilymeasurable（行为是容易测量的）的同义替换。所以本

题选b

38.[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词previousfindings和ethicsprofessors定

位到第三段①句的后半句：hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonot

differfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blood

donation...0其中he指EricSchwitzgebel,arangeofbehaviors指的是包括投票率、

献血等在内的道德行为。D项arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter（未必在道德上更好）是

对①句中donotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors（在一系歹M亍为上

与其他教授并无不同）的合理概括。所以本题选Do

39.[C]uncertain

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词NinaStrohminger和theeffect定位到第

四段②句：PsychologistNinaStrohminger...saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbut

cannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable。其中theeffect指theeffectof

theinterventiorioC项uncertain（不确定的）是对②句中cannotruleoutsomeunknown

confoundingvariable（不能排除•些未知的混淆变量）的合理推断，即NinaStrohminger

认为一些混淆变量可能和theintervention干预手段一起影响了实验结果，因此干预手段

的效果是不确定的。所以本题选C。

40.[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors

【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Schwitzgebelsuspects定位到第五段①句

的前半句:Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence,

即导致学生行为变化的最大影响来自于社会影响。结合②句中的Second,thevideomay

havehadanemotionalimpact（第二，视频可能产生了情感方面的影响），以及③句中的

Leastrousing...wasrationalargument（最不激动人心的是理性讨论），可知

Schwitzgebel提到了社会影响、视频、理性讨论等多种影响因素。(：项isaresultof

multiplefactors(是多种因素的结果)是对①-③句中各种影响因素的合理概括。所以本题选

Co

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).

Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswers

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Makeitahabit

[B]Don'tgoitalone

[C]Startlow,goslow

[D]Talkwithyourdoctor

[E]Listentoyourbody

[F]Gothroughthemotions

[G]Roundoutyourroutine

HowtoGetActiveAgainAfteraBreak

Movingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression,lower

ratesofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaheartattack,andimproveoverall

immunity.Italsohelpsbuildstrengthandstamina.Gettingbackintoexercisecan

beachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff

-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetricky

toknowwheretostart.Andit'simportanttogettherightdoseof

activity."Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout/1saysMary

Yoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityin

Bloomington.

Thefollowingsimplestrategieswillhelpyoureturntoexercisesafelyaftera

break.

41.____________________

Don*ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwere

walking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesweek,orlifting10-pound

dumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytohalfamileeveryotherday,or

nineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pound

dumbbellsforonesetof10reps.

Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually."Thisisn'tsomethingyou

candoovernight/'Denaysays.Buty