2022高考二轮英语 第二节 从微观把握-读后续写微技能

第二节从微观把握一一读后续写微技能

微技能一I如何精准解读文本

读后续写的选材主要是故事类记叙文，是以叙事为主要内容的一种文体。要续写

好这类文章，理解文本是第一步。对于故事类记叙文阅读，要注意以下几个方面。

1.抓住记叙文的6要素

即人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果，读后续写所提供的文本除了结

果这一要素之外，把其余五个要素叙述得清清楚楚。因此阅读文本时要紧扣这五

个要素。

2.掌握记叙文的3大线索

即时间线、情节线和感情线。阅读文本时要抓住这三条主线。必要时可以列出这

些线索，以更好地理解文章，为续写做好准备。只有对原文的脉络线索和段落结

构有正确和深刻的理解，续写的内容才能和原文骨肉相连，契合紧密。

3.把握文章主旨和故事的发展方向

这点至关重要。只有把握了文章的主旨意图，才能很好地完成续写。确保续写的

内容和原文要有逻辑上的一致性，并能回应原文的信息。

4.分析文章的用词特点和行文风格

考生要仔细阅读给定的前文，在充分理解文章内容的基础上，认真体会前文的用

词特点和行文风格，只有这样才能使续写的内容在语言色彩上和行文风格上与所

给文章保持高度一致。

【典例】（2021•新高考卷I）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

AMOTHER'SDAYSURPRISE

Thetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisetheywere

planningforMother'sDay.HowpleasedandproudMotherwouldbewhenthey

broughtherbreakfastinbed.TheyplannedtomakeFrenchtoastandchicken

porridge.Theyhadwatchedtheirmotherinthekitchen.Therewasnothingtoit.Jenna

andJeffknewexactlywhattodo.

ThebigdaycameatlastThealarmrangat6a.m.Thepairwentdownthestairsquietly

tothekitchen.Theydecidedtoboiltheporridgefirst.Theyputsomericeintoapotof

waterandleftittoboilwhiletheymadetheFrenchtoast.Jeffbroketwoeggsintoa

plateandaddedinsomemilk.Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheegg

mixture.Next,Jeffturnedonthesecondstoveburnertoheatupthefrying

pan.EverythingwasgoingsmoothlyuntilJeffstartedfryingthebread.Thepanwastoo

hotandthebreadturnedblackwithinseconds.Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesink

andputintheothersliceofbread.Thistime,sheturneddownthefiresoitcooked

nicely.

ThenJeffnoticedsteamshootingoutofthepotandthelidstartingtoshake.Thenext

minute,theporridgeboiledoverandputoutthefire.Jennapanicked.Thankfully,Jeff

stayedcalmandturnedoffthegasquickly.Butthestovewasamessnow.Jennatold

Jefftocleanitupsotheycouldcontinuetocooktherestoftheporridge.But

Jeff'shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehimputhis

handincoldwater.Thenshecaughtthesmellofbuming.Ohdear!Thepieceofbread

inthepanhadturnedblackaswell.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.

Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.

1.本文的6要素

本文是记叙文，讲述了一对双胞胎在母亲节那天为妈妈做早餐的故事。

人物ThetwinsJennaandJeff,theirfather,theirmother

时间OnthemorningofMother'sDay

地点Kitchen,bedroom

起因、经过ThetwinsJennaandJeffpreparedasurpriseonMother?s

和结果Dayfortheirmother,butfailedatthebeginning...

2.本文的3大线索

(1)时间线：OnthemorningofMother;sDay

(2)情节线：

ThetwinsJennaandJeffwantedtoprepareasurpriseonMother'sDayfortheir

mother.(双胞胎计划在母亲节那天给妈妈一个惊喜)

OnthemorningofMother'sDay,thetwinsJennaandJeffboiltheporridgefirstand

thenmadetheFrenchtoast.(母亲节这一天，双胞胎来到厨房，煮粥，做吐司)

Theporridgeboiledover,Jeff'shandwasinjuredbythehotburnerandthepieceof

breadinthepanhadturnedblackaswell.(粥煮沸溢了出来，Jeff的手烫着了，面包

片烤糊了。)

③感情线：

Harmoniousrelationshipbetweentheirfamilymembers.

3.本文的主旨及故事的发展方向

(1)本文主旨：ThetwinswerepreparingasurpriseonMother?sDayfortheir

mothertoshowtheirlove.

(2)故事的发展方向：Howtopreparethesurprisebreakfastsuccessfully?

4.本文的用词特点和行文风格

本文语言平实、行文流畅、叙事娓娓道来。

(1)精准的心理描写：Thetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthe

surprisetheywereplanningforMother?sDay.HowpleasedandproudMother

wouldbewhentheybroughtherbreakfastinbed.

(2)细腻的动作和神态描写：Thenextminute,theporridgeboiledoverandput

outthefire.Jennapanicked.Thankfully,Jeffstayedcalmandturnedoffthegas

quickly.Butthestovewasamessnow.

【范文必背】

Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.Seeingthe

messinthekitchen（现在分词短语），heimmediatelyunderstoodwhathad

happened（宾语从句），buthewasn'tupset.Instead，heappliedsomemedicine

toJeff'shand,andthensetouttohelpthemcleanupthemess,throwingawaythe

burnttoast.Next,theybegantomakebreakfast,anduntilthenthetwinslooked

cheerful.Beforelong,theporridgewasready.Theirfatherinstructedthemtofrythe

restofthebread.Soon,thebreakfastwasready,too.

Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.Openinghereyes,

shecouldn'tbelievewhatshehadseen.Befdreshecouldaskanyquestion,their

fatherturnedupandtoldhiswifeabouthowthetwinshadmadepreparationsto

giveherthesurprisebreakfast（about的第一个宾语从句），andwhattrouble

theyhadgonethroughwhenmakingtheporridgeandtoast（about的第二个宾语

从句，其中whenmaking相当于whentheyweremaking）.Disbeliefgavewayto

excitementandpride.Huggingtheminherarms,shesaid,“Thankyou,

children.lt?ssuchanunforgettableMother'sDayforme.”

微技能二I如何精心构建续写情节

要想写好读后续写，关键是有效构建续写情节，其中包含两个重要的步骤：第一

步是依据两段首句，推理情节发展，搭建写作框架；第二步是增加相关细节，完

善续写情节。构思时还要注意四个顺畅的呼应点。

一、抓住关键信息，构思续写框架

口诀：两段首句定一框，二框二首正能量

1.两段首句定一框：即由第一段的首句和第二段的首句可以定出第一段的框架。

所给第一段的首句既能承接上文，也是本段的起始句，由第二段的首句可以推测

第一段的结尾。

2.二框二首正能量：即由第二段的首句和根据文章应是美好结局或正能量的结局

的特点可以预测故事结局，定出第二段的框架。

二、有效依据“五所”，丰富续写情节

以上步骤仅仅定出了写作框架，在构思时，还要进行情节扩充，让续写有血有肉。

建议大家写“五所”（所见、所闻、所说、所思、所做），并对此进行设问，可以

有效地丰富续写的主要情节。

1.所见：环境描写/人物描写/神情描写

2.所闻、所说：语言描写

3.所思：心理描写

4.所做：动作描写

三,四个顺畅呼应，进行有效衔接

1.续写首句与给出的首段首句的衔接；

2.续写首段尾句与给出的次段首句的衔接；

3.给出的次段首句与续写次段首句的衔接；

4.文章结尾升华与文章主题意义的衔接。

【典例】（2021.八省市联考）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。Duringthispastyear,I'vehadthreeinstancesofcartrouble.Eachtime

thesethingshappened,Iwassickofthewaymostpeoplehadn'tbotheredto

help.Oneofthosetimes,Iwasonthesideoftheroadforclosetothreehourswithmy

bigJeep.Iputsignsinthewindows,bigsignsthatsaidNEEDAJACK（千斤顶），

andofferedmoney.Nothing.RightasIwasabouttogiveup,aMexicanfamilyina

smalltruckpulledover,andthefatherboundedout.

Hesizedupthesituationandcalledforhisdaughter,whospokeEnglish.Heconveyed

throughherthathehadajackbutthatitwastoosmallfortheJeep,sowewouldneed

somethingtosupportit.Thenhegotasaw（锯子）fromthetruckandcutasectionout

ofabiglogonthesideoftheroad.Werolleditoverandputhisjackontop,andwe

wereinbusiness.

Istartedtakingthewheeloff,andthen,ifyoucanbelieveit,Ibrokehistire

iron.Noworries：Hehandedittohiswife,andshewasgoneinaflashdowntheroad

tobuyanewtireiron.Shewasbackin15minutes.Wefinishedthejob,andIwasa

veryhappyman.

Thetwoofusweredirtyandsweaty.Hiswifepreparedapotofwaterforustowash

ourhands.Itriedtoputa$20billintheman'shand,buthewouldn'ttakeit,so

insteadIwentuptothetruckandgaveittohiswifeasquietlyasIcould.Iaskedthe

littlegirlwheretheylived.Mexico,shesaid.TheywereinOregonsoMommyand

Daddycouldworkonafruitfarmforthenextfewweeks.Thentheywouldgohome.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifTdhadlunch.

Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.

【范文必背】

WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifI'dhadhmch.Notuntilthendid

Ihearmystomachrumbling（部分彳到装），Ishruggedawkwardly.Asmileof

sympathyflickeringacrossherface,shesuddenlyturnedaroundanddartedtoward

hertruck.Forsplitseconds,thegirlturnedupbreathlessly,apaperbagheldtightly

inherhand."Hereyouare.ltwill...doyougood."ShestammeredinbrokenEnglish,

grinningmysteriously.Maybe,itwashertoyshedidn'tneedanylonger.Iwavedto

thefamily,seeingthemwalkingacrossthestreethandinhand（现在分词短语）.

Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.Insightcamea

hamburgeranda20—dollarbill（完全倒装），towhichanotewasattached（定

语从句）.Itread,“Iboughtthemwithallmysavings.Goodluck.”Asifaboltof

lightingstruckme,Igapedingratitudeandmeanwhilefeltastabofguiltformy

misunderstandinghergoodwill.Ilookedoutofthewindoweagerlyonlytofind

theirtruckjustalongside.Whatacoincidence!Thelittlegirlreturnedmeasweetsmile,

hertinklinglaughterfillingtheair.ltwasthefirsttimeIwasnotsickofmycartrouble

butluckyforseeingabeautifulheart.

一、抓住关键信息，构思续写框架

1.两段首句定一框：

由第一段的首句WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifTdhadlunch.

和第二段的首句Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.再结合

所给短文内容，可以预测本段应主要写小女孩给“我”提供食物。

2.二框二首正能量：

第二段的首句Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.和根据文

章应是美好结局或正能量的结局的特点可以预测故事结局：作者认识到人间的真

善美。

二、有效依据“五所”，丰富续写情节

写“五所”(所见，所闻，所说，所思，所做)，并对此进行设问。设问时要抓住

段首句关键词

Pl：WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifI'dhadlunch.

Q1：Whatwasmyreply?(aboutlunch)DidIhavelunch?

Q2：Whatdidthegirldo?(aboutthepaperbag)

Q3：HowdidIfeel?

Q4：Howdidtheyleft?(aftertheyleft)

P2：Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.

QI：WhatdidIfindinthepaperbag?

Q2：HowdidIfeel?

Q3：HowdidIchangetheopiniontowardsstranger?

Q4：Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellreaders?

三、四个顺畅呼应，进行有效衔接

1.续写首句与给出的首段首句的衔接

NotuntilthendidIhearmystomachrumbling.(首句女孩问是否吃午饭了，本句写

直到这时我听到肚子咕咕叫)

2.续写首段尾句与给出的次段首句的衔接

Iwavedtothefamily,seeingthemwalkingacrossthestreethandinhand.(次段首

句写在他们离开之后，本句写与他们告别）

3.给出的次段首句与续写次段首句的衔接

Insightcameahamburgeranda20-dollarbill,towhichanotewasattached.（次段

首句写作者打开了包裹，本句接着写看到里面有汉堡包和20美元）

4.文章结尾升华与文章主题意义的衔接

ItwasthefirsttimeIwasnotsickofmycartroublebutluckyforseeingabeautiful

heart.（照应第一段，突出主题：美丽的心灵）

微技能三I如何精细打磨续写语言

构思好续写情节以后，下一步就是进行续写。在阅卷时，阅卷老师首要关注的是

续写的语言，因此续写语言的高低与否直接决定着续写的成功与否。首先要规避

常见错误，确保拿到及格分，再次要尽力提升写作的语言，努力达到最高档。

一、5大升级路径，词汇亮人一眼

■升级路径1：笼统词一具体词

©Becauseofherhatred，shelookedathim.

-Becauseofherhatred,sheglaredathim.

②Theywalkedonwardswithexhaustedbodiesthroughthedesert.

—Theytrudgedonwardswithexhaustedbodiesthroughthedesert.

■升级路径2：简单词一高级词

①TheadvicetheoldmangaveTomwasveryimportant.

—TheadvicetheoldmangaveTomwasverysignificant/vital/critical.

②Ishouldbefreeanytimeafterschoolnextweek.

fIshouldbeavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.

■升级路径3：单词一短语

©Hearingthebadnews,theboycriedsadly.

一Hearingthebadnews,theboyburstintotearssadly.

②Afteraday'swork,wealltired.

Afteraday,swork,weallwornout.

■升级路径4：运用有表现力的副词

恰当地使用富有表现力的副词，能够使文章更加丰富多姿，描写地更为准确，文

章更有生机。使用这些副词时，要注意把握这些词汇的确切内涵，并且符合故事

发展的内在逻辑。

①Thedaywasbitterlycold；themoonwasshiningbrightlyinthesky.

©Havingnochoice,Islowlyraisedthebook,hopingtohidemyself.

(3)1wasquietly,joyfullyandpatientlywatchingasthesunpaintedabrand-new

day.

(4)Onourwaybackhome,myfatherheldmetightly,wearingabigfrown.

■升级路径5：运用有表现力的介词短语

介词with或in后加表示情绪、个性等的名词，经常可以与相应的副词互换，恰

当地使用此结构可以增加表达的多样性。

①Shegazedupathim,glowinghappily.

一Shegazedupathim,glowingwithhappiness.

②Likealamp,themoonshonefromabove.Thestarstwinkledtheireyescuriously.

—Likealamp,themoonshonefromabove.Thestarstwinkledtheireyeswith

curiosity.

二、8大抢分句式，档次瞬时提升

抢分句式1：Doing...,主+谓...

doing作状语，逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，构成主动关系；有时可以在doing前

加before,after,while等。

①Hewastremblinginablanketandhesaid,"I'mcold.”

fTremblinginablanket,hesaid,"I'mcold.”

②Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.

—Sittingbackinaneasychair,Ifellasleep.

③WhenIsawnoonenoticingus,IputtheChristmaspresentdownandleft.

—Seeingnoonenoticingus,IputtheChristmaspresentdownandleft.

抢分句式2：主+谓...,doing...

doing作伴随状语，与句子的谓语动词同时发生，逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，

构成主动关系。

①“Here,“hesaid.Atthesametimehehandedthecoinstothegatekeeper.

一“Here,“hesaid,handingthecoinstothegatekeeper.

②ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere.Iheldthatten-dollarbillandIwondered

whattobuyandwhotobuyitfor.

一ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere,holdingthatten-dollarbillandwondering

whattobuyandwhotobuyitfor.

■抢分句式3：独立主格结构

•主语+谓语...，逻辑主语+doing/done...

•逻辑主语+doing/done,主语+谓语...

•逻辑主语与doing构成主动关系，或者逻辑主语与done构成被动关系构成独立主

格，有时前面有介词with,在句中常作状语。

①Hestoodthereandtearsofgratitudewerewellingupinhiseyes.

一Hestoodthere,(with)tearsofgratitudewellingupinhiseyes.

②Herfatherwaslyingonhisback,andhisdogwastrappedunderthetruck.

—Herfatherwaslyingonhisback,(with)hisdogtrappedunderthetruck.

■抢分句式4：表情感类的形容词，主+谓……或主+谓……,表情感类的形

容词

情感类的形容词在句中作状语，说明主语的情感状态，可以转化为表情感类的形

容词，主十谓……。有时可以放在句后：主十谓……表情感类的形容词。

①Hewaseagerandexcited,andshewavedherhands,tryingtoattractothers?

attention.

一Eagerandexcited,shewavedherhands,tryingtoattractothers?attention.

②ToAnnie'sdelight,surroundedbyhisclassmates,Markseemedlikearockstar,

andhewascheerfulandproud.

fToAnnie'sdelight,surroundedbyhisclassmates,Markseemedlikearockstar,

cheerfulandproud.

■抢分句式5：方式副词，主+谓……

方式副词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，一般放在宾语后，但有时根据需要可以

放在句首，有时放在实义动词前。

①Itwasfortunatethatthecatwasstillalive,thoughbadlyinjured.

-^Fortunately,thecatwasstillalive,thoughbadlyinjured.

©Gently,shepickedupthefirstbaby,ranbackoutsideandlaiditonthesidewalk.

■抢分句式6：全部倒装：地点状语或表示运动方向的副词+谓（vi.）+主（名

词）

该句型是一个全部倒装句，主语必须是名词，谓语动词为不及物动词，常见的表

运动方向的副词有：in,out,off,away,up,down,outside,inside等。

①Anoldwomansatahead.

fAheadsatanoldwoman.

②Thecrowdwentawayonebyone.

fAwaywentthecrowdonebyone.

■抢分句式7：强调句型：Itwas+被强调成分+that+（主语）+谓语……

除了强调句型，在突出某一成分时，还可以用部分倒装句型。

Heknewwhathadhappenedthen.

—Itwasthenthatheknewwhathadhappened.

fOnlythendidheknowwhathadhappened.

fNotuntilthendidheknowwhathadhappened.

抢分句式8:非限制性定语从句：.・.，which...

We'llalsospendsomefuntimetogether,singing,dancingandplayinggames.Wehope

itwillmakethemhappy.

fWe'llalsospendsomefuntimetogether,singing,dancingandplayinggames,

whichwehopewillmakethemhappy.

【即时训练】

I,请用高级词汇升级下面考生作文中加黑的一般词汇

Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared,Surprised,

Poppyjumpedbackwards,withherbackarchedandtailwagging.Then,shebarked

withjoy,eyesfixedonthecutelittlecompanion.Notfeelingshy,thelittledogjumped

forwardtogreetPoppy.Immediately,bothdogsbeganagameofchaseinthe

house.Instantlythehousecamebacktolife,withhappybarkinglingeringaround

it.Suchascenemademomanddadlaughinrelief.Butatonce,bothofthemdidn't

speak.Asmemoriesoftheirsoncametomind,theyfeltadeeplongingfortheirson.

Afewweekslatertheboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.Poppy

welcomedhimasusual.AshemissedPoppysomuchandwaslookingforwardto

seeingher,hebentdowntohugher.Suddenly,asmallgoldenpuppycameupto

her.Hewasverysurprisedtoseeastrangecreatureathome."Oh,mygosh,Ican't

believethatyougotyourselfapuppy."theboyshouted.Noticinghisshockedface,

hisparentslaughed.uThispuppyisforPoppy,“hismomanswered,uSometimes,

we'vefoundPuppyareplacementforyou.However,tous,youareirreplaceable,

Sweetie."Touchedbyhismother'swords,theboytriedtoholdbackhistearsand

decidedtocomebacktoseehisparentsasoftenaspossible.

©SurprisedfAmazed

②jumped一leapt

©Immediately^Inaflash

⑷happy-joyful

⑤didn'tspeak^wentsilent

@cametomind-crowdedin

©SuddenlyfAllofasudden

⑧verysurprised^shocked

©shouted^exclaimed

⑩answeredfreplied

@triedfstruggled

⑫decidedfwasdetermined

II.请用高级句式升级下面考生作文中加黑的一般句式

Dadop