2025版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评二十九选修6Unit4Globalwarming含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素养测评二十九选修6Unit4GlobalWarming(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfoot-printing)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations,it’sclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdon’tuseyourcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.【文章大意】这是一篇争论文。文章作者激励大家实行行动,削减温室气体的排放,并说明白一些详细的做法。1.Whichofthefollowingproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!和第四段So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g。故选C。2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis________.

A.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackaged D.moreenergy-saving【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据第三段So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.可知一品脱本地啤酒比超市里三罐便宜的外国啤酒更环保。由此推断出,作者建议选择当地的啤酒,因为它更节能,更环保,故选D。3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto________.

A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2【解析】选D。目的意图题。依据最终一段So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.所以,或许是时候让我们全部人起先做出一些变更了。请递给我一根香蕉和一品脱当地啤酒。可知文章是激励大家实行行动,削减温室气体的排放,故选D。【学问拓展】佳词积累

1.ingredientn.成分

2.import vt.进口

3.environmentally-friendly adj.环保的

【长难句分析】

Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.

分析:本句是一个复合句。because引导的是表语从句。

译文:这是因为进口的啤酒是从很远的地方运来的,所以须要更多的包装。B“Twothousandmealspacked,”announcedStephanieDeLaHoz.All75middleschoolvolunteerscheeredastheycontinuedtopackagedriedrice,soy,andspices.ThatwasthesceneatafoodpackagingeventearlierthismonthatmyschoolinCelebration,Florida.RiseAgainstHunger,aglobalnonprofitorganization,wasfoundedin1998.Theorganizationprovidesmillionsofdriedmealseachyearforpeopleinneedaroundtheworld.Morethan800millionpeopleworldwidedonotgetthebasicnutritiontheyneedtobeabletoworkorattendschool.Therearemanycausestothisfoodinsecurity,includingwars,naturaldisasters,anddroughts.RiseAgainstHungerseekstohelppeoplerebuildtheirlives.“EveryschoolisopentocontactRiseAgainstHungertosetupanevent,”explainedAngelaWydra,PTApresidentofCelebrationK-8School.“Onceyoucontactthem,Risehelpsorganizeeverypartoftheprocess.”WydrainitiatedthevolunteereventatCelebration.WhenmembersofRisearriveataschool,theysetuplinesofstudentvolunteersandexplainexactlywhattodo.Eachstudentisgivenjustonetask,suchaspouringcupsofriceorsealingbags.Ifyougettiredofaparticularjob,youcanswitchtoanotherstation.“Youdefinitelyhavetoworkasateam,”saidErin,astudentvolunteer.“Itwasfun.BeforeIknewit,wehadreachedanother1,000-mealmark.”“Justgettingoutandlaughingandworkingwithmyfriendsandfamilywerereallyfun,”saidBobbySpina,amiddleschoolvolunteeratCelebration.“IfeelthatIdidaveryimportantandnicethingtoday.”Worldwidehungerhasdroppedfrom24%ofthepopulationin1990toaround10%today.Muchofthesuccessislinkedtotheeffortsofnonprofitorganizationsandtheirvolunteers,includingRiseAgainstHunger.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了一个全球性非营利组织“战胜饥饿”走进校内,组织学生志愿者为世界摆脱饥饿尽一份力气的故事。4.InParagraph1,theauthordescribesafoodpackagingeventto________.

A.introducethemiddleschoolvolunteersinFloridaB.showwhattheschoolvolunteersaredoingC.reportmuchfoodisprovidedforpeopleinneedD.introduceaglobalnonprofitorganizationRiseAgainstHunger【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据第一段“ThatwasthesceneatafoodpackagingeventearlierthismonthatmyschoolinCelebration,Florida.RiseAgainstHunger,aglobalnonprofitorganization,wasfoundedin1998.”可知,描述学生包装食品的场面是为了引出文章的主题,介绍全球性的非营利组织“战胜饥饿”。故选D。5.WhatisthepurposeoftheorganizationRiseAgainstHunger?A.Togetstudentstoattendschool.B.Tohelppeoplebuildtheirhomes.C.Tohelppeopleinneedwithfood.D.Toallowpeopletogotowork.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终一句话“Theorganizationprovidesmillionsofdriedmealseachyearforpeopleinneedaroundtheworld.”以及其次段的描述,可知“战胜饥饿”这个组织给全球逆境中的人们分发食物,帮助他们摆脱饥饿。故选C。6.WhatdoesRiseAgainstHungerdoineveryschool?A.Helpsetupvolunteerevents.B.Trainstudentstolearnsomejobskills.C.Instructhowtocontactthem.D.Givestudentssomelessons.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第三段的描述“EveryschoolisopentocontactRiseAgainstHungertosetupanevent,...”可知,“战胜饥饿”这个组织进入学校帮助建立志愿活动。故选A。7.Howdothestudentsfeelabouttheirvolunteerwork?A.Tiringbutrewarding. B.Funandmeaningful.C.Longandtiring. D.Shortbutefficient.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据第四段的描述“Itwasfun.”和“IfeelthatIdidaveryimportantandnicethingtoday.”可知,志愿者们觉得从事这个志愿活动感到很快乐并且有意义。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空TheCoffeePlaceIusedtobelievepolitenesswasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhadImeta1humanbeinginthismodernageoftheso-calledCenerationX.

Recently,Ihadtochangemy2,whenIcamefacetofacewithjustsuchahumanbeing.Ihadgonetoacoffeeplace,withtwoofmygrown-updaughters.Theplacewascrowdedwiththeusualloudcrowdandwehadtoclimbthestairsinordertofinda(n)3table.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,weweregoingdownthestairs,wherethe4spacemadeclimbingdownonlypossibleinasingleline,withhardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbupor5.

JustasIwasinthe6ofmygoingdown,agentlemanenteredbythemainentranceofthecoffeeplacewhichwasinfrontofthestaircase.IwassureIwouldbepushed7bythemanwhowouldwanttogouphurriedly.IkeptcomingdownasfastasIcould,8ontothebannister(扶手).Mydaughterswerealreadydown,lookingupatmeandhopingIwouldreachthembeforethe9startedupthestairs.

Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthe10.Ireachedmydaughtersandpassedhimattheentrancedoorhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedback,thinkinghewasstilltheretryingto11whethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.ButlaterIsawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandfeltbadthatwedidn’teventhankhimwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforustopassthrough12goingup.

We13histhoughtfulness.Suchwell-manneredpeoplearehardtofindthesedayswhenpushingroughlyisvery14inouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Tilldate,Irememberthisgentlemanand15toGodtomakemorehumanbeingslikehim.

【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在一家咖啡店见到了一位绅士贴心地帮助她推门的善举,让她信任人们大多还是有礼貌的,和善的。1.A.politeB.rudeC.cleverD.dull【解析】选A。句意:我过去经常认为礼貌是很久远的东西,在现代社会我很少遇见过礼貌的人。polite礼貌的;rude粗鲁的;clever聪慧的;dull枯燥的。故选A。2.A.choice B.thinkingC.life D.decision【解析】选B。句意:近来,当我面对面遇到这么一个人的时候,我不得不变更我的想法。choice选择;thinking想法,思索;life生活;decision确定。故选B。3.A.convenient B.niceC.reserved D.empty【解析】选D。句意:由于咖啡馆充溢了热闹的人群,我们不得不爬楼梯去楼上找个空桌。convenient便利的;nice好的;reserved内向的;empty空的。故选D。4.A.wide B.open C.narrow D.large【解析】选C。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜点,我们起先下楼,楼梯太过狭窄我们只能排成一列有序下楼。wide宽的;open打开的;narrow狭窄的;large大的。故选C。5.A.breakdown B.setdownC.comedown D.takedown【解析】选C。句意:几乎没有留下任何空间供另一个人上楼或下楼。breakdown分解,崩溃;setdown登记;comedown下来;takedown取下,拿下。故选C。6.A.end B.way C.middle D.aim【解析】选C。句意:我刚下到一半的时候,有个绅士从电梯出口正对着的主入口进入咖啡馆。end结束,结尾;way方式;middle中间;aim目标。故选C。7.A.gently B.roughlyC.casually D.politely【解析】选B。句意:我确信我肯定会被这个匆忙上楼的家伙粗鲁地冲撞。gently温顺地;roughly粗鲁地;casually随意地;politely礼貌地。故选B。8.A.holding B.goingC.depending D.handling【解析】选A。句意:我尽可能快地下楼梯,手紧抓着楼梯扶手。holdingon坚持,抓住(不放);goingon接着;dependingon依靠;handling操作,处理。故选A。9.A.waiter B.studentC.friend D.stranger【解析】选D。句意:我的女儿已经走下楼梯,抬头看着我,希望我能在这个生疏人上楼之前下来。waiter侍者;student学生;friend挚友;stranger生疏人。故选D。10.A.table B.doorC.window D.counter【解析】选B。句意:快赶上我女儿的时候,我留意到这个男的仍旧站在门口。table桌子;door门;window窗户;counter柜台。故选B。11.A.decide B.informC.persuade D.discuss【解析】选A。句意:我回首一看,认为那个人还在确定是进去还是找个不那么拥挤的地方。decide确定;inform告知;persuade劝告;discuss探讨。故选A。12.A.after B.when C.before D.since【解析】选C。句意:我把这件事告知女儿,我感觉很糟,因为我们没有感谢那位在上楼前始终为我们开门的绅士。after在……之后;when当……时;before在……之前;since自从。故选C。13.A.required B.applaudedC.thanked D.spread【解析】选B。句意:我们很赞许他的爱护。require要求;applaud赞许,鼓掌;thank感谢;spread扩散。故选B。14.A.general B.urgentC.serious D.common【解析】选D。句意:在这样一个现代却充溢挑衅的社会里,粗鲁地推挤是普遍的现象,但是像这样有礼貌的人却很难找。general一般的;urgent紧急的;serious严峻的;common一般的,共有的。故选D。15.A.point B.prayC.devote D.explain【解析】选B。句意:直到今日我还记得这个绅士,祈祷上帝创建更多的这种人吧。point指向;pray祈祷;devote致力于,献身于;explain说明。故选B。【学问拓展】佳词积累

1.thoughtfulnessn.爱护;考虑周到

2.aggressive adj.侵略的;野心勃勃的Ⅲ.语法填空USwriterMargaretLeeRunbeckonce1.________(write),“Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,but2.________manneroftraveling.”Buttravelingisnotalwayshappy,atleastforthebuddiesinthemovieGreenBook.

Themovie3.________(adapt)fromthetruestoryofaroadtripthroughthesouthernUSintheearly1960s.Inthefilm,theblackpianistDonShirleyhiresItalian-AmericanTonytodrivehimtoperformances,buttheyfaceproblemsbecauseofShirley’sskincolor.Theseproblemsenablethem4.________(form)aspecialfriendship.

“There’ssomethingsodeeplyrightaboutthismovie,sotrue5.________thetime,saidUSfilmcriticLaSalle.ThetimeLaSalleistalkingaboutwasbetween1876and1963,6.________7.________(race)segregation(隔离).Butin1936,ablackmailcarriernamedVictorH.Greenpublishedalistoffriendly8.________(business)asasmallbookwithagreencover.TheGreenBookhelpedAfrican-Americanstravelmoresafely.Thenin1964,JimCrowlawswentaway.Thebookwentaway,too.

TodaymanyUSpeoplestillrememberthetimeofJimCrowlawsbutthey9.________(probable)don’tknowaboutTheGreenBook.It’sa10.________(forget)partofthestory.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了影片《绿皮书》。1.【解析】wrote。考查时态。由once可知要用一般过去时态,故答案为wrote。2.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。amannerof“……的方式”,与前面的astation对应。故答案为a。3.【解析】wasadapted。考查时态和语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事,且时间为过去,故答案为wasadapted。4.【解析】toform。考查固定搭配。enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事。故答案为toform。5.【解析】to。考查介词。truetosth.“精确的,真实的,逼真的”。故答案为to。6.【解析】when。考查定语从句。此处between1876and1963是先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。7.【解析】racial。考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词segregation,故答案为racial。8.【解析】businesses。考查名词复数。由alistof可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。9.【解析】probably。考查副词。此处probably修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。10.【解析】forgotten。考查过去分词作前置定语。分析句式可知,forget和part之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去分词来作前置定语。故答案为forgotten。阅读理解(2024·武汉模拟)Anewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggasesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas-carbondioxide-onrice.Theresearchersgrewriceplantsinacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc(锌)thanricegrownundernormalconditions.However,vitaminElevelsincreasedbyabout13percentonaverage.Theresultsarebadnews,“especiallyforthenutritionofthepoorerpopulationinless-developedcountries,”saidtheUniversityofTokyo’sKazuhikoKobayashi,whohelpedtowritethereport.Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinOneofthescientistsisSamMyersofHarvardUniversityintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Hesaidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreate.“Myconcernistherearemanymoresurprisestocome,”hesaid.

Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange.Oneway,Kobayashisaid,istogrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。探讨表明,不断增加的温室气体可能会削减粮食作物的重要养分成分,对人们的身体健康造成影响。1.Whichcountrywouldbeinfluencedmostbyplanet-warminggasesaccordingtothetext?A.China. B.Myanmar.C.America. D.Britain.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“theeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthe