初中英语语法总结与练习

陈述句：肯定句否定句疑问句：一般疑问句特殊疑问句肯定句变否定句句子中有be，在be后加not1)Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.2)Theyareblue.Theyaren’tblue.3)HeisKangkang.Heisn’tKangkang.2、谓语是动词原形，在动词前加don’t。1)Ihaveabook.Idon’thaveabook.2)TheylikeChinese.Theydon’tlikeChinese.3)WecomefromChina.Wedon’tcomefromChina.3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesn’t，动词用原形。1)Shehasasmallmouth.Shedoesn’thaveasmallmouth.2)MarialikesChina.Mariadoesn’tlikeChina.3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.Janedoesn’tcomefromtheU.S.A.练习：将下列句子变成否定句。1.Iamateacher.Iateacher.2.Wearestudents.Westudents.3.Janeisagirl.Janeagirl.4.TheylikeEnglish.TheylikeChinese5.IcomefromChina.IcomefromChina.6.HelikesChinese.HelikeChinese.7.MariacomesfromCuba.MariacomefromCuba.8.WeknowMaria.WeknowMaria.二、肯定句变为一般疑问句变化规则1)含be动词和情态动词的把它们提前。2)没有情态动词/be两项的加do/does。3)句末用“？”，开头单词字母大写。（注；有第一人称的要变第二人称）即：把I变为you,把we变为you,把my变为your,把our变为your;把am变为are。1、句子中有be/情态动词，把他们提到句首Be:am,isare情态动词：can,may,could,would1)Iamastudent.Areyouastudent?2)Theyareblue.Aretheyblue?3)Hecanplaytheguitar.Canheplaytheguitar?2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。1)Ihaveabook.Doyouhaveabook?2)TheylikeChinese.DotheylikeChinese?3)WecomefromChina.DoyoucomefromChina?谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。1)Shehasasmallmouth.Doesshehaveasmallmouth?2)MarialikesChina.DoesMarialikeChina?3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.DoesJanecomefromtheU.S.A?4)SheknowsMaria.DoessheknowMaria?练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。1.Iamateacher.ateacher?2.Theyarestudents.Students?3.Janeisagirl.agirl?4.TheylikeEnglish.theylikeEnglish?5.IcomefromChina.youcomefromChina?6.HelikesChinese.heChinese?7.MariacomesfromCuba.MariafromCuba?8.WespeakChinese.youChinese?三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答AreyouMaria?肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,I’mnot.其句型结构：肯定回答：Yes,主+助/系.肯定回答：Yes,主+助/系.2.问句和答语的助动词保持一致.1)Areyouastudent?肯:Yes,Iam.否：No,I’mnot.2)IsheKangkang?肯：Yes，heis.否：No，heisn’t.3)DotheylikeChinese?肯：Yes,theydo.否：No,theydon’t.4)Doesshehaveasmallmouth?肯：Yes,shedoes.否：No,shedoesn’t.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。（必须用主格）1)IsJanefromtheU.S.A?2)DoesKangkangcomefromChina?3)DoJaneandMarialikeChina?4)Isthisaruler?5)Isthatadesk?6)Arethesebooks?7)Arethosepencils?8)Aretheseerasers?9)Isthatanorange?练习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Areyouastudent?Yes,.No,.2.DotheylikeEnglish?Yes,.No,.3.IsJaneagirl?Yes,.No,.4.DoesMarialikeChina?Yes,.No,5.IsKangkangastudent?Yes,.No,.6.Isthatagirl?Yes,.No,.7.Arethosetelephones?Yes,.No,.8.DoesTomknowJane?Yes,.No,.9.DotheycomefromtheU.S.A?Yes,.No,.10.Isthisanegg?Yes,.No,.特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问）特殊疑问句其实就是用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。它的结构就是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句！疑问代词：what，who，whose，疑问副词：where，howwhat—“什么”，对事物，人名，职业，时间，电话号码提问注意：whatclass/grade对班级提问whatcolor对颜色提问whatis+人对职业提问（干什么的）whattimeisit?=whatisthetime?(对时间)Who–-“谁”，对人名，与人的关系提问注意：whoisLily?Sheismysister.Whose–“谁的”，对所属关系提问Thebookismine.(划线部分提问)Whoseisthebook.Thesearemybooks.(划线部分提问)Whosebooksarethese?Where—“哪里”，对地点、地方提问如:1)MysisterisfromChina.(划线部分提问)Whereisyoursisterfrom?2)HecomesfromChina.(划线部分提问)Wheredoeshecomefrom?How–“怎么样”，对身体状况，天气提问如：Myfatherisfine.(划线部分提问)Howisyourfather?注意：howold对年龄对问howmuch+不可数名词howmany+可数名词复数howmuch+is/are…？“多少钱”将划线部分去掉,分析句意.1.MynameisNancy.yourname?2.IamfromChina.areyoufrom?3.Iamfine.areyou?4.Miss.WangisourEnglishteacher.isyourEnglishteacher?5.Lucyistenyearsold.areyou?6.HeisinClassOneGradeTwo.ishein?特殊句式：Whatdoeshe/she/其他主语+do?对职业提问“她/他是干什么的？”Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?对人的外貌的提问“他/她长什么样子？”WhatcanIdoforyou?购物用语，对人的需要提问，“我能为你做什么？”Can/mayIhelpyou?“我可以帮你吗？”Whatdoyouthinkof…=Howdoyoulike…你认为什么怎么样？7.Mytelephonenumberis5805000.yourtelephonenumber?8.Theyarecars.arethese?9.Thisismycap.capisthis?10.MyfavoritemoviestarisBruceLee.isyourfavoritemoviestar?11.Itisyellow.isit？12.Sheistall.Whatdoesshe?五.同义句转换.1.PleasegiveJanethebook.PleasethebookJane.2.Couldyoupleasetellmeyourname?Couldyoupleaseyournameme?3.Hehasshorthair.isshort.4.Ihaveabignose.isbig.5.Youhaveawidemouth.iswide.6.MyEnglishteacherisold.MyEnglishteacherisnot.7.Bettyisnotshort.Bettyis.8.Thisismybook.Thisis.9.Thisjacketisnotnew.Thisjacketis.10.Myrulerisnotlong.Myruleris.11.Shelookslikehermom.Sheandhermomlook.12.TheycomefromChina.TheyChina.六、单数形式句子变复数形式1、指示代词变化:this变these,that变those.2、人称代词变化:I变we;he/she/it变they;My变our;his/her/its变their，第二人称不变3、有am/is的要变成为are。4、名词要做相应的变化；注意不规则变化的一些词：(man-men,woman-women,child-childrenJapanese,Chinese,English不变)如：1)Ithinksheisthatwoman’schild.Wethinktheyarethosewomen’schildren.2.将下列句子变成单数1.Theyarepencils.apencil.2.Theseareerasers.aneraser.3.Theyareboys.aboy.4.Theyaregirls.agirl.5.Thosearebooks.abook.6.Thesearedesks.adesk.7.Theseareboxes.a.8.Thosearecars.a仁爱版七年级英语上册期末总复习辅导与练习（二）一、区别has/have与am/is/are的用法：has/have表示“有”，即“某人有某物”，am/is/are表示“是”即“…是…”二、有实义动词的一般现在时态的用法：动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式（一）动词第三人称单数形式：动词+s/es，规则：1）一般情况以及以e结尾的动词，直接加“s”，如：make----makes;come----comes2)动词以o，s，ch，sh,x结尾，加“es”，如：do---does;watch----watches;wish---wishes;miss----misses;guess----guesses3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先把y改为i，再加es,如:study---studies4）特殊情况：have----has（二）句型转换：1）主语为第三人称单数，否定句，在动词前加doesn’t,再把动词改回原形，一般疑问句，在句首加does，再把动词改回原形,回答用：Yes,人称代词+does./No,人称代词+doesn’t.如：Shehassmalleyes.Shedoesn’thavesmalleyes.--Doesshehavesmalleyes?--Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.2)主语为除第三人称单数之外的人称，否定句，在动词前加don’t,一般疑问句，在句首加do,回答用：Yes,人称代词+do./No,人称代词+don’t.如：Theyhavesmalleyes.Theydon’thavesmalleyes.--Dotheyhavesmalleyes?--Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.练习：()1..---______heAmerican?---Yes.HecomesfromAmerica.A.AreB.DoesC.DoD.Is()2.---Doyouhaveasister?---___________.A.Yes,youdoB.Yes,IdoC.Yes,Iam.D.Yes,youdo.()3.Ellen_____anoldbookandherbrothers_______manynewbooks.A.has,hasB.have,haveChave,hasD.has,have()4.Whatcolor_________helike?A.isB.doC.hasD.does()5._____hehaveabignoseorasmallone?A.DoesB.DoC.IsD.Are()6.IamsorryI______knowher.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.don’tD.haven’t根据句子意思，用is,are,am,do,does,have,has填空。1.I__________aChineseteacher.2._______youfromCanada?3.________theyhavemanyfriends?4.________hefromHainan?5.---______Jackhaveagoodfriend?---Yes,he______.6._______heagoodteacher?---Yes,he______.7.Heandhissister_______indifferentgrades.8.______yourmotheradoctor?9.I_____anoldfriend.HisnameisAllan.10.Kangkang_______apanda.Itisverycute.11.You________anicehouse.Ilikeiteverymuch.12.BruceLee_______manybooks.13.Dothey_______fifteenapples?14.DoesBruceLee_______manyfriendsinChina?15.Jerry______abignose.16.He_______amapofHainan.Hedoesn’t________amapofChina.17.--Doesyourfather______awidemouth?--No,he______not.18.Myfriend,LiMing________onlyonesister.三、名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法区别：名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的汉语意思是一样的，名词性物主代词可独立使用，后面不要跟名词；但形容词性物主代词不可独立使用，后面要跟名词。如：Itismyshirt.=Itismine.句子当中my为形容词性物主代词，mine为名词性物主代词，your,his,her,our,its,their，my等都属于形容词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词通常置于名词前，修饰限定名词，作定语；而名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,当主语，宾语，或表语；如：Isthisyourcoat?==Isthiscoatyours?这是你的大衣吗？练习：()1.--Isthatcoat________.?--Yes,it’s_________coat..A.his,he’sB.yours,yourCher,hersD.mine,your()2.Ourbooksarehere.________areoverthere.A.They’reB.TheirC.TheirsD.Your()3Sheisagirl,________nameisMary.A.sheB.hisC.herD.she’s()4.---______dressisit?---It’shers.A.Who’sB.WhoseC.WhatD.Which()5._______colorisyellow.A.It’sB.ItsC.IsitD.Yours根据汉语写单词：1.Could_________(你)ask_________(他)tocall_________(我)back?2.Don’tforget_________（我们）.3._________(我们)wouldliketobuy_________(他们).4.Could_________(你们)help___________(她)out?5.There’sonedollaronthefloor.Pick___________(它)up.6._________（他们）arefriendlyto___________（你们）.7.__________(我)like_______（她）alot.8.__________(她)brings______（他们）to_______（我们）.9.Does_________（他）give_______(它)to__________(他)？10._________（他）does__________(他的)homeworkonSunday.11.___________(它)can’tfind__________(它的)wayhome.12.___________（她）looksafter_________(她的)grandmother.13.Thisis__________（我的）pen.That’s__________（你的）。14.Thesecoatsaren’t_________(我的).Ithinkthey’re__________（你们的）。15._________(他的)jacketisblue.__________（她的）iswhite.16.---Whosebikeisthis?---It’s__________（他的）.17.Thoseare_________(我们的)desks.__________（他们的）areoverthere.18.--AretheseTVsets_________（我们的）？--No,they’re_________(他们的)TV.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften__________(get)upathalfpastsix.2.---________she____(like)noodles?---Yes,she______.3.Jack_______________(notplay)soccer.4.Jane_____________(have)anewpen.ButTom___________(nothave)one.5.We__________(study)inNo.1HighSchool.Mike_______(study)inNo.26.Maria___________(try)onthenewdress.7.Theyoften__________(fly)kites.Kateoften__________(fly)akite,too.8.Roseoften___________(cry).Butherbrother___________(cry)alot.9.Kangkangoften__________(carry)waterfortheoldman.10.Hisuncleoften_______(buy)somedeliciousfoodforhimandheoften_______(take)ittotheschooltoeat.11.LucyandLily_________(go)toschoolat7o’clock.Jim________(go)at6:45.12.I________(teach)mathhere.Myfather________(teach)English.13.--________Maryoften___________(watch)TV?--Yes,sheoften__________(watch)itonSunday.14._____youwant________(eat)somehamburgers?15.--Wouldyoulike__________(sing)somesongswithme?--Yes,I’dloveto.16.Don’tforget________(bring)yourclothes.17.Couldyouaskher__________(have)supperwithme?18.It’s6:20.It’stime________(get)upnow.19.--Doyoulike___________(speak)English?--Yes,Ido.20.--MayI_________(take)yourorder?--Abottleofapplejuice.21.--CanI__________(sit)downnow?—Sure.22.Whynot__________(come)toChina?Goodidea.23.Letme_________(help)you.24.--Howabout____________(swim)thisSunday?--Noproblem.25.Mr.Chenaskshim________(come)toschoolontime.四、重点句型和短语：1.Who’syourfavoritefilmstar?2.Whatcolorishis/herhair?3.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.4.lookthesame/lookat/looklike5.Thegirlingreen/Thegirlinagreenskirt/Theonewithblackhairandblackeyes.6.Weareinthesameschool,butweareindifferentgrades.7.--Whosedressisthis?--It’smine.8.rousers,gloves,shoes,socks常以复数的形式出现,如：apairoftrousers，apairofshoes，apairofglasses9.What++主语（某人）+looklike?长得怎么样？如：--Whatdoesyourfatherlooklike?--Heisnotverytallbutverystrong.练习：按要求改写句子。（每空一词）1.Heisagoodstudent.（否定句）He________agoodstudent.2.Weareinthesameschool.（一般疑问句）_____________inthesameschool?3.Doesshehavearoundface?(肯定回答)__________,________________.4.SheisJones.(就划线部分提问)________________________?5.Herhairisbrown.（同义句）She_____________________________.6.Dotheyhaveabighouse??.(否定回答)_________，_____