高中英语语法分专题全面复习第四讲 主谓一致讲解与练习

主谓一致Ⅰ.含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。Ⅱ.语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.2.“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条thestarsandstripes星条旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.4.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.5.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比较：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Ⅲ.逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.Ⅳ.就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.【主谓一致专项训练】1.NooneexceptJackandTom theanswer. A．know Bknows C．isknowing D．areknown2. ofthemoney usedup. A．Three-five,are B．Three-fifths,havebeenCThree-fifths,hasbeen D．Third-fifths,is3.Thenumberofthepeoplewho cars increasing. A．owns,are B．owns,is Cown,is D．own,are4.Someperson callingforyouatthegate. A．are B．willbe C．isbeing Dis 5.Yournewclothesfityou,butmine me. A．doesn’tfit Bdon’tfit C．doesn’tfitfor D．don’tfitfor6.Betweenthetwobuildings amonument. A．stand Bstands C．standing D．isstanding7.Oneachsideofthestreet alotoftrees. A．stands B．aregrown C．isstanding Dgrow8.I,who yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow. Aam B．is C．are D．was9.Deer fasterthandogs.A．arerunning B．runs Crun D．willrun10.Morethanoneanswer tothequestion. A．havebeengiven Bhasbeengiven C．weregiven D．hadgiven11.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho fromthecountrysideinourschool. A．are Bis C．were D．was12.Veryfew hisaddressinthetown. A knowB．knows C．areknowing D．hasknown13.Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool fromthecountryside. A．is B．comes Care D．arecoming14.Allthatcanbeeaten eatenup. A．arebeing B．havebeen C．hadbeen Dhasbeen 15.Iknowthatall gettingonwellwithher. A．was Bis C．are D．were16.Onthewall______apictureandtwolamps.AwerefoundB.wasfoundC.findD.finds1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..A.is B.are C.has D.have3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.A.makespossibletoproduce B.makesitpossibletoproduceC.makepossibleproducing D.makeitpossibleproducing4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.A.areinterestedin B.isinterestedinC.areintendingfor D.isintendingfor5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight

A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.wereinvited D.wasinvited6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.is;is B.are;is C.is;are D.are;are7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.ItisI_________myparentswho__________toblamefortheaccident.A.otherthan;areB.ratherthan;amC.morethan;are D.than;is9.Inourschool,manyaboy____playingfootballandmoregirlsthanone____playingit.A.likes;likes B.like;like C.like;likes D.likes;like10.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be11.Whatweusedtothink______impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe12.Asyoucansee，thepriceofpork，eggsandgrainrising_____thesedays.A.arekeeping B.keep C.keeps D.werekeeping13.Threestudentsintenwillgoand_____tostayintheclassroom.A.therestareB.therestisC.theotherare D.theotheris14.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third___________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.is B.are C.was D.were15.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantp