高中英语语法分专题全面复习第十三讲 主语从句和同位语从句讲解与练习

主语从句定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词:that,whether；连接副词:when,where,how和why。连接代词:who(whoever),whom,whose,what(whatever)和which(whichever)；连接词：1.从属连词：that，whether1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做主语，不可用if代替。a.Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.b.Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。2.连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whateverhedidisright.Whokilledthescientistremainsaquestion.1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。Whatweneedismoney.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2）whatever/whoever的用法（~ever=nomatter~---让步状语从句中）

whatever/whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anythingthat;whoever相当于anyonewho。例如:Whoever(Anyonewho)wantstoenterintothisschoolmusttaketheexam.Whatever(Anythingthat)shedidwasright.3.连接副词when，where，how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Whenwe’llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.Wherethetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.4.主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.用it作形式主语的结构A.

It+be+形容词+that从(obvious,

true,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)如：It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

B.

It+be+名词词组+that从句(an

honour,

a

fact,

a

pity,

etc）如：Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

C.

It+be+过去分词+that从句(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

etc。）如：It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

D.

It+不及物动词或短语+that从句(seem，happen,doesn’t

matter,turnout）。如：It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.同位语从句

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下几个方面：一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如：WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome？Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15，2003.三、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.练习1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter5.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally6.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever7._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How8.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere9.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when10.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave11.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it12.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for13._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It14._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have15.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but____mattersmuchis____helives.A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that16.____shecouldn'tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that17.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how18._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which19.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?-_______shehadfailedintheexamination.A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That20._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where21.-Doyouremember_______hecame?-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if22.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever23.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where24.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which25.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster26.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.which27.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.why28.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.what

B.that

C.why

D.when29.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it30.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.when

B.that

C.what

D./31.I’vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.if

B.that

C.whether

D.which32.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.when

B.which

C.what

D.that33.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.which

B.whether

C.that

D.what34.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.that

B.as

C.ofwhich

D.which35.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when36.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that38.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which39.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose40.Wecanseethesamesigns____standoutthrou