高中英语语法分专题全面复习第七讲 非谓语动词（1）-动名词和分词用法讲解与练习

PAGE动名词和分词用法动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ing构成，有一般式和完成式，主动式和被动式，否定形式为notdoing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。（1）动名词作主语（动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）动名词作主语表示抽象动作，指一件已知的事或经验。eg:①Drivingacaronthecrowdedroadisboring.②Readingismyhobby.句型:It’snouse/nogooddoingsth做没有用处/好处It’sawasteoftimedoingsth做浪费时间（2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。eg:①Ican’timaginemarryingher.②Shemanagedtoescapebeingpunished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：giveup,belongto,lookforwardto,keepon,insiston,bebusy,getdownto,bedevotedto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderfultime(in)等。eg:①I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.②Hegaveupsmokingthreeyears.动名词作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。eg：

Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（动名词）(4)动名词可作定语动名词可作定语，前置定语：一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义，后置定语：往往是一个词组或短语eg:Heoftenstudiesinthereadingroom.现在分词现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、状语、补语和表语。1作定语现在分词作定语，单个v-ing放在被修饰的名词前；如果短语作定语，则放在所修饰词的后面。v-ing作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。eg:①thefallingleaves＝theleaveswhicharefalling②therisingsun＝thesunwhichisrising③Isawhimgointothehousefacingsouth.2作表语现在分词作表语相当于形容词，常表示主语所具有的特征，含有主动意味。大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语，常见的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surprising,encouraging等。eg:①Hisstorywasverymoving.②Thespeechisreallyboring.3作补语现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系。后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看二使二听一感觉see,lookat,watch,observe,notice,have,get，hear,listento,feel）（少一个make）以及其他类动leave,keep,catch,set等。表示动作正在进行。eg:①Isawthemplayinggamesontheplaygroundyesterday.②Don’tleavehimwaitingoutsidetheroom.4.作状语动词-ing或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词-ing短语可由连词while或when引出。eg:①Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)②Havingfinishedhishomework,shewasplayingontheplayground.(原因)③Studyinghard,youaresuretogetthefirstprize.(条件)过去分词过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分。（1）作定语过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系，单个过去分词作定语放在前，过去分词短语作定语放在后。其中及物动词的过去分词表示完成或被动概念，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成概念，没有被动的意味。eg:①therisensun＝thesunwhichhasrisen②fallenleaves＝leaveswhichhasfallen③Thisisthehousebuiltseveralyearsago.(2)作补语及物动词的过去分词作补语，和宾语之间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表状态和完成。可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词（五看三使二听一感觉），以及其他类动keep,leave,like,want,wish等。eg:①Ican’tgetthecargoing.②Ihadmylegbrokenlastweek.(3)作表语过去分词作表语表示被动意义，主语常是人，一般用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,interested,puzzled,qualified,satisfied,upset等,有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。如：beinterestedin,besatisfiedwith,becoveredwith,bedressedin,beseated,belocked等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be,get,remain,stay等。eg:①Thedoorremainedlocked.②Weweregreatlyencouragedwhenweheardthespeech.（4）作状语过去分词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。eg:①Tiredout,theystoppedtohavearest.(原因)②Takenaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity’snewlook.③Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.独立主格结构非谓语动词的独立主格结构在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子（即：非谓语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，须保留之后所构成的结构）。可放在句首或句尾，它的构成为“名词或代词＋分词/不定式”或“with＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式”。（1）名词/代词＋不定式名词或代词通常为动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，可位于句首或句末。eg:Hewillsendme﹩100first,theresttofollowinayear.(2)名词/代词＋现在分词名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。eg①:Timepermiting,wefinishthework.②Springcomingon,thetreesturnsgreen.（3）名词/代词＋过去分词名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。eg:①Thesigalgiven,thebusstarted.②Theirstrengthexhausted,theysankdownonebyone.(表原因)with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词（1）with＋名词/代词＋不定式不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作尚未发生。eg:Withnothingtodo,theywentoutforawalk.（表原因）(2)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词宾语和动词-ing之间是主动关系，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。eg:Theboysleptwiththelightburning.（表伴随）(3)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。eg:Theystayedinsidewiththedoorlocked.（表伴随）常见动词后接todo不定式和doing动名词的意义不同的情况：remembertodosth记起要做某事rememberdoingsth记起做过某事forgettodosth忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事regrettodosth后悔要做某事regretdoingsth后悔做过某事goontodosth接着做另外一件事goondoingsth接着做同一件事stoptodosth停下来开始做另外一件某事stopdoingsth停止做正在做的某事trytodosth尽力做某事trydoingsth试着做某事meantodosth打算（意欲，企图）做某事meandoingsth意味着做某事can’thelp（to）dosth不能帮忙做某事can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁地做某事“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（dosth/doingsth）”的区别感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（dosth）表示事实或全过程感官动词＋宾语＋宾补（doingsth）表示片段或进行eg:Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.Didyouseeapencil-boxlyingonthegroundjustnow.非谓语动词易错题型练习1(1)Iregret____youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing.⑵Idon’tregret____herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether.

A.totellB.totellingC.havingtoldD.tell2.⑴Wedon’tallow_____inthereadingroom.⑵Wedon’tallowthem_____inthereadingroom.

A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokeD.smoked

3.(1)___hardandyou’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.⑵___hard,you’llmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning.

A.WorkingB.ToworkC.WorkD.Worked⑴_____,wewentforaswimintheriver.⑵_____,sowewentforaswimintheriver.

A.BeinghotB.ItbeinghotC.AsithotD.Itwashot5.⑴Ican’thelp____whenIhearthatterriblenoise.A.laughingB.laughedC.laughD.beinglaughed

(2)Ican’thelp____theroom,forIamverybusynow.A.cleanB.cleaningC.havecleanD.cleaned

6.⑴_____fromthetower,Dalianlooksmorebeautiful.⑵_____fromthetower,wecanseeourbeautifulcity.

A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.Havingseen

7.⑴Thesportmeet______nextweekisofgreatimportance.⑵Thesportsmeet______nowisveryimportant

⑶Thesportsmeet____lastweekisofgreatimportance.

A.holdingB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.held

8.⑴Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakeus___him.⑵Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimself_____.

A.heardB.hearingC.hearD.tobeheard9.(1)Hestoodtherewithhiseyes_________hismother．Hestoodthere,_______hismother．

A.staringatB.staredonC.fixinguponD.fixedupon10.⑴Mostofuswenttoseeher,____somegirls.⑵Mostofuswenttoseeher,somegirls____.

A.includeB.includingC.includedD.toinclude11.⑴Hewassurprisedtoseesomevillagers____there.⑵Tohissurprise,hesawsomevillagers_____themselves.

A.seatB.seatedC.seatingD.toseat12.⑴Theman_____Zhaosanusedtolivehere.⑵Theman____himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.

A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.call13.⑴Hehadnochoicebut________atthebus-stopintherain.⑵Hehadnothingtodobut________atthebus-stopintherain.

A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.shouldwait.14.(1)I’mnotfreethiseveningbecauseIhavealotofthings______.(2)Hewassolazythathehadallofhiswashing______.

A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done15.(1)Heoftenseethem_______footballontheplayground.⑵Themissingboyswerelastseen_____neartheriver.

A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplay16.(1)Weareconsidering___upanewfactoryhereinthistown．(2)Weareconsideringhow__upanewfactoryhereinthistown．

(3)Theboyisconsidered____agoodexampletohisclassmates．

A.settingB.tosetC.tohavesetD.havingset

17.(1)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin．

(2)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryheisstudyingin．

(3)MrLiissaid______abroad?butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhewillstudyin.

A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.havingstudied

18.(1)Iinsistthatyou______memymoneyback．(2)Iinsistedonyour_____memymoneyback．

A.giveB.togiveC.givingD.wouldgive

(3)TheoldmaninsistedthatI______hiswallet．A.hastakenB.tookC.shouldtakeD.hadtaken

19.(1)Idon'tenjoy_____funofothers.(2)Idon'tenjoy_____funofbyothers.

A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade20.(1)Iftime_____,I'llgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.(2)Time_____,I'llgotoseemyfriendstomorrow.

A.permittedB.permitsC.permittingD.permit21.(1)Hehadnochoicebut____aloudthetextintheclassroom..(2)Hedidnothingbut_____aloudthetextintheclassroom..

A.readingB.toreadC.readD.tobereading22.(1)_____agoodwriter,hehasalotofthingstolearn.(2)______agoodwriter,hewroteanumberofarticles.

A.TobeB.BeingC.HavingD.Done23.(1)_____hiswallet,hebecameveryworried.(2)______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.toloseB.losingC.lostD.havingbeenlost24.(1)Havingfinishedhomework,______.(2)Havingbeenfinished,_______.

A.thehomeworkwashandedinB.theteacherpraisedhim

C.hewenthomewithhisclassmatesD.andhewenthomequickly25.Findinghercarstolen,____.

A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughly

C.itwaslookedforeveryoneD.Shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp26.(1)Theteachercamein,____theSs.(2)Theteachercamein,_