2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit22EnvironmentalProtection教师用书教案北师大版选修8

PAGE22-Unit22EnvironmentalProtection1．residentn.居民2.habitantn.居民；居住者3．immigrantn.移民4.migrationn.迁移；移居5．ageingn．&adj.老龄化；变老的6．decreasevi.削减7．declinevi.降低；下降8.settlein迁入；安排下来9．birth/deathrate诞生/死亡率10．floatingpopulation流淌人口11．atmospheren.大气12.wasten.废料；垃圾13．radiationn.放射；放射物14.emissionn.排放15．recyclevt.回收；循环利用16.replace/substitutevt.取代17．environmentallyfriendlyadj.环保的18．soilerosion水土流失19．alternativeenergy替代能源20．solarenergy/power太阳能21．nuclearenergy/power核能22．be/liveinharmonywith与……和谐共处23．bring...undercontrol把……限制住24．be/becomeawareof意识到25．raisetheawarenessof提高……意识26．livealowcarbonlife过低碳生活27．populationdensity人口密度28．universaltwo­childpolicy全面二孩政策1．liveinharmonywith...与……和谐相处2．raisetheawarenessof...唤醒……的意识3．protect...from...爱护……不受……(危害)4．becoveredwith被……覆盖5．becrowdedwith挤满，拥塞6．turnoff关掉7．dieout灭亡；渐渐消逝8．teardown拆掉；拆毁9．saveenergy节约能源10．getdamaged遭到破坏1．Itisnecessaryforustoprotectourenvironment.对我们来说，爱护环境是必要的。2．Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinharmonywiththeanimals.只有这样我们才能与动物和谐相处。3．Waterresourceshavebecomesobadlypollutedthatsomeofthewaterisunfittodrinkortouse.水资源已经被污染得如此严峻，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或运用。1．It_is_well­known_thattheglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglyseveremainlyduetoglobalwarming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严峻。2．Itisurgenttostopdamagingtheearthandspare_no_effort_to_protect_itandmakeitalovelyplacetolivein.形势紧急，破坏地球的行为应当叫停了，应不遗余力地爱护地球，把地球变成一个相宜居住的漂亮的地方。3．It_is_well_acknowledgedthattheseverelypollutedenvironmentandtheincreaseofcarscontributealottosmog.人们公认严峻污染的环境和车辆的增加极大地导致了雾霾。教材单词写准并记牢高考与教材Ⅰ.重点单词1．trapvt.使困住2.threatenvt.威逼3．substituten.代替品，代用品4.seizevt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取5．meansn.方法6.recyclevt.回收利用7．carvevt.雕刻8.slidevi.滑行9．potentialn.可能性；潜在性10.rollvi.转动；滚动11．politicsn.政治12.behalfn.代表Ⅱ.拓展单词1．agriculturen.农业→agriculturaladj.农业的2．coincidentadj.一样的，巧合的→coincidencen.巧合3．separatevt.分别；分开adj.分开的→separatelyadv.分开地→separationn.分别，分开4．adoptvt.接受；收养→adoptionn.接受；接受；收养5．reservev.保留→reservationn.爱护区6．dustn.灰尘，尘土→dustyadj.多灰尘的7．relevantadj.有关的→irrelevantadj.不相关的，不恰当的8．constructvt.建立→constructionn.建立；建筑9．considervt.思索，考虑→considerateadj.想得周到的，爱护的→considerationn.考虑；思索→consideringprep.考虑到；鉴于10．sharpadj.锐利的；尖锐的；敏锐的→sharplyadv.严厉地；明确地→sharpenvt.削尖→sharpenern.卷笔刀11．changevt.变更→changeableadj.多变的12．irrigatevt.浇灌→irrigationn.浇灌Ⅲ.阅读单词1．ecologyn．生态2.botanicaladj.植物的3．consultantn.顾问4.boycottn.抵制5．roughadj.艰难的6.advocatevt.主见，提倡7．principlen.原则；道德准则8.catastrophen.巨大的灾难9．sacrificevt.&vi.牺牲；献出10.negativeadj.11．financen.资金12.allocatevt.安排，配给13．evolutionn.(生物)进化1.(2024·天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseized(seize)me.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rolling(roll)it,sittingonit,throwingit.3．(2024·江苏卷)Butinagriculture(agricultural),smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.4．(2024·江苏卷)Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchanges(change)totheindustry.5．(2024·浙江卷)Amongthebagmakers'arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichare_recycled(recycle)easily.6．(2024·天津卷)Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separated(separate)onlybyathinsquareofglass.教材短语写准并记牢高考与教材1.in_turn依次；反过来2．lead_to引起，导致3．look_ahead展望将来，向前看4．take_action实行行动5．ahead_of在……前面6．on_sb.'s_behalf代表……7．carry_off掠去，夺走8．all_in_all总的来说9．apart_from除……以外10．answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任11．call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求结束……12．earn_one's_living谋生13．as_a_matter_of_fact事实上14．break_away_from摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种思想体系)15．a_number_of一些；很多16．beyond_one's_control超出……的限制，不受……的限制17．result_in导致18．refer_to参考；查阅1.(2024·江苏卷)Asthenumberoftouristshasgrown,sohastheamountoftrafficontheroads.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.3．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.4．(2024·天津卷)Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfires.教材句式写准并记牢高考与教材1.inthelastfewdecades常与现在完成时态搭配In_the_last_few_decades,_scientistshave_reachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate...在过去的几十年里，科学家们一样认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变更……2．动词­ing形式作状语和定语Looking_ahead,_scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacing_the_21st_century.展望将来，科学家们信任全球变暖可能会是面对21世纪的最大环保问题之一。3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleaving_the_earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.假如没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。4．givenprep.考虑到；Itseemsthat...主语从句Giventhisdata,it_seems_thatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鉴于这些数据，似乎人类活动与正在上升的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。5．时间/地点名词＋saw/have/hasseen＋宾语表示时间/地点见证了……The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预料更坏的局面即将来临。6．with复合结构Stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo,with_a_growing_number_of_hurricanes_hitting_the_US,_and_Central_America.暴风雨也在各地变得越来越糟糕，越来越多的飓风攻击美国和美洲中部。1.(2024·江苏卷)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershas_given_ten_performances(已经完成了十场演出)inthelastthreemonths.2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)It_seems_that(看起来似乎)noneofthesehavemuchchanceofsurvival.3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD．C.newcomersandlocalslooking_to_experience_Washington_D．C.(想要感受华盛顿)inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.4．(2024·江苏卷)Ithadalsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleave_that_page_blank(让那张纸空着)ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.焦sub­开头单词①substituten.代替品②subconsciousadj.下意识的③subheadingn.小标题④subjectiveadj.主观的⑤submitv.提交；呈递⑥subscribev.定期订购2．“相像词”小结①principlen.原则→principaln.校长②tissuen.组织→issuen.问题；发行③affectvt.影响→effectn.影响④dessertn.甜点→desertv.舍弃n.沙漠⑤borrowv.借→sorrown.哀思⑥wanderv.闲逛→wonderv.想知道⑦fellown.家伙→followv.跟随3．盘点含­en后缀的高频动词①sharpen(使)锐利②weaken变弱③strengthen加强④lengthen延长⑤widen(使)变宽⑥shorten使缩短4．“环境”相关词全扫描①conservationn.爱护②reserven.爱护区③atmospheren.大气层④speciesn.物种⑤resourcen.资源⑥recyclev.回收利用⑦habitatn.栖息地⑧ecologyn.生态5．后缀­er名词表示行为的主动者或与某事有关的人①banker银行家②singer歌颂家③writer作家④thinker思想家⑤leader领导者⑥waiter服务员⑦villager村民⑧beginner初学者⑨murderer凶手⑩researcher探讨者6．后缀­er名词表示物品或机器①washer洗衣机②lighter打火机③cutter切削器④cooker厨具⑤boiler煮器⑥heater加热器⑦printer打印机⑧mixer搅拌器⑨sharpener卷笔刀⑩drier吹风机；干燥剂7．“很多，大量”词汇扫描①修饰不行数名词：much,agreatdealof,agoodamountof,largeamountsof②修饰可数名词：anumberof,afew,manya③既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不行数名词：lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof高频词汇精讲1．trapvt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入逆境n.陷阱；圈套Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect,theEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。(1)trapsb.into(doing)sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/gettrappedin/into(doing)sth.被困在……中；被诱骗(做)某事(2)fallintoatrap落入陷阱/圈套fallintothetrapofdoingsth.落入……的圈套；做某事不明智set/laytraps/atrapfor(doing)/todosth.为(做)……设圈套(1)单句语法填空①Don'tfallintothetrapofinvestingallyourmoneyinoneplace.②Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrapped(trap)inpowerlesshigh­risebuildings.③Thehuntersettraps(trap)tocatchfoxes.④Hefelthehadbeentrappedintoaccepting(accept)thetermsofthecontract.(2)句式升级(用分词结构作状语改写)Hewastrappedinatrafficjam,sohehadtobepatient,waiting.→Trapped_in_a_traffic_jam,_he_had_to_be_patient,_waiting.2．reservevi.储备；保存；保留；预订n．爱护区；储备Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreservewaterinascientificwayforfutureuse.首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来运用。(1)reservesth.forsb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)inreserve贮存；备用(3)reservationn.保留；预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation预订(座位、房间等)withoutreserve/reservation毫无保留地(4)reservedadj.预订的，保留的bereservedfor留作，(专)供……之用完成句子①JiuzhaigouValleyisanature_reservelocatedinChina'sSichuanProvince.九寨沟是位于中国四川省的自然爱护区。②Theseatsare_reserved_fortheoldandthedisabled.这些座位是为老人和残疾人保留的。3．beyondprep.超出；在(或向)……的远处Oursuccesswasfarbeyondwhatwethoughtpossible.我们的胜利远远超出了我们估计的范围。(1)beyondexpression难以表达beyondrepair难以修复beyonddescription难以描述beyondcompare无与伦比(2)bebeyondsb.使某人无法理解(3)beyondone'scontrol超出某人的限制beyondone'spower超出某人权限beyondone'sreach使某人够不到完成句子①Iamafraiditisbeyond_my_powertodowhatyouareasking.我唯恐无力做你要求做的事。②It'squitebeyond_mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.我不能理解为什么会发生这样的事情。③Finally,ifyoufindpressureisnearlybeyond_your_control,_you'dbetterturntoprofessionalpsychologicalguidance.最终，假如你发觉压力几乎超出了你的限制范围，你最好寻求专业的心理指导。4．lookahead展望将来；预料将来Weshouldlookaheadandspareathoughtforfuturegenerations.我们应当向前看，多为子孙后代着想。lookupto敬重；仰慕lookinto调查lookdownon/upon轻视；瞧不起lookon/upon...as把……看作；把……视为lookthrough阅读；快速查看lookout(forsth.)当心lookbackon/upon回顾；回想完成句子①Looking_ahead,_weexpectchangestobemadeinoursystemofeducation.展望将来，我们期盼对教化体制进行变革。②Hewasalreadylooking_forward_topractisingthenewmusic.他已经在期盼练习新音乐了。③Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicenowarelooking_intothematter.街角的那栋建筑昨晚着火了。警察现在正在调查这件事。④Ilooked_throughallmypapersbutIstillcan'tfindmynotes.我翻遍了我全部的文件，可还是没找到我的笔记。5．inturn依次；轮番；相应地；反过来Theyansweredtheteacher'squestionsinturn.他们依次回答了老师的问题。byturns轮番地；时而……时而……inone'sturn轮到某人taketurnstodo/doingsth.依次/轮班/轮番做某事It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了完成句子①Peopleusetheircarsforconveniencebutthisin_turncausedotherproblems.人们用汽车是为了便利，但这反过来又引起了其他问题。②Thebookis,by_turns,_funnyandverysad.这本书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。③Wehavestartedthejob.Nowwewilltake_turnstodoit.我们已起先这项工作。现在我们要轮番做这件事。6．leadto通向；导致，致使GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leadstoclimatechange.全球变暖指的是地球平均温度上升，进而导致气候变更。leadto(doing)sth.导致(做)某事leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事lead/livea．..life过……样的生活o...把……领进……leadtheway引路；带路(1)单句语法填空①Inclass,Iwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthemto_practice(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.②Ironically,thismayleadtodoing(do)moreinsteadofless.③Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceeventuallyledtotheofficial'sbeing_arrested(arrest)．(2)完成句子①Alackofconfidencecanlead_toalotofsuffering.缺乏自信会导致很多苦痛。②Hedecidedtolead_a_new_lifeaftertheunusualexperience.这次不平常的经验过后，他确定过一种新的生活。③Allroadslead_to_Rome.(谚)条条大道通罗马。7．condemnvt.指责，宣判，使……注定，迫使……接受逆境Ifyoudon'tlearnfromthepast,youarecondemnedtorepeatitsmistakes.假如你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。(1)condemnsb./sth.for/assth.因……而指责某人或某事condemnsb.to...某人注定……becondemned/sentencedtodeath被判处死刑(2)becondemnedtodosth.迫使……接受(逆境)，注定……单句语法填空①Sheknewthatsocietywillcondemnherforleavingherchildren.②Asanoldperson,oneisoftencondemnedto_live(live)alone.③Hewascondemnedtodeathformurderandlaterhanged.8．sacrificevt.&vi.牺牲；献出n．牺牲；祭品，祭祀Herparentsmadesacrificessothatshecouldhaveagoodeducation.为了让她接受良好的教化，她的父母做了很多牺牲。(1)sacrifice...for...为……而牺牲……；牺牲……而换得……sacrifice...todosth.为做某事而牺牲……(2)makesacrifices/asacrifice做出牺牲atthesacrificeof...以牺牲……为代价(1)单句语法填空①LastsummerIsacrificedmyholidayto_help(help)theold.②Heisalwaysreadytosacrificehispersonalinterestforthegroupbenefit.③Hesavedthechildatthesacrificeofhislife.(2)完成句子①It'snotworthsacrificing_your_healthforwealth.你为财宝牺牲健康是不值得的。②Thesoldierswerepreparedtomake_sacrificesindefenceoffreedom.这些士兵已经打算好为保卫自由做出牺牲。9．advocatevt.主见，提倡n．提倡者，拥护者Expertsadvocatethateachperson(should)playtheirpart.专家们主见每个人都要发挥自己的作用。(1)advocate(doing)sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocatethat...主见……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形](2)anadvocateof/for……的提倡者/拥护者单句语法填空①Manyexpertsadvocatereducing(reduce)theamountofchildren'shomeworkandalsoadvocatethatchildren(should)_be_given(give)morefreetime.②ShehasalwaysbeenanadvocateofchangestoEnglishspelling.10．substituten．代替者；代用品vt.(用……)代替vi.替代，取代Afterall,there'snosubstituteforourEarth.终归，没有任何东西可以代替地球。(1)asubstitutefor...……的替代者(2)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替/取代Bsubstitutefor代替，取代单句语法填空①Themanagerwasunabletoattendbutsenthisassistantasasubstitute.②Nothingcouldsubstituteformother'slove.③Wesubstitutetheblueballswith/bytheredones,toseeifthebabywouldnotice.11．threatenvt.威逼，恐吓Theythreatenedtocloseourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.假如我们不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他们威逼说将取消我们的信用额度。(1)threatensb.with...用……威逼某人threatentodosth.威逼要做某事threatenthat...威逼……(2)threatn.威逼，恐吓athreattosb./sth.对某人或某事的威逼(3)threateningadj.威逼的，危急的(1)单句语法填空①Thehijackers(劫持犯)threatenedto_kill(kill)onepassengereveryhouriftheirdemandswerenotmet.②Wewerethreatenedwithdismissalifwedidn'tcooperate.③Thefightingisamajorthreattostabilityintheregion.(2)句式升级Hewasthreatenedbyterroristsanddidn'tdaretovoteforthepresident.Threatened_by_terrorists,_hedidn'tdaretovoteforthepresident.(用过去分词短语作状语)

12.apartfrom(＝asidefrom)除……以外Apartfromthefewfoundinzoos,pandasliveonlyinthecentralbambooforestsofmainlandChina.除了在动物园里看到的几只外，熊猫只生活在中国大陆中部的竹林里。takesth.apart将……拆卸开，拆分tellAandBapart辨别出A与Bfallapart裂开；断裂；散开setsb.apart使某人别出心裁用apart短语的适当形式填空①Apart_fromBeijingandShanghai,wealsovisitedsomeothercitiesduringtheholiday.除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了一些其他城市。②Hetook_apartthecasebutfoundnothinginit.他拆开箱子，却发觉里边什么也没有。③Youcantellmytwinsbrotherandmeapartbythismarkonmyface.你可以依据我脸上的疤痕辨别出我和我的孪生兄弟。④Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapart_fromothersinoursmalltown.他那深厚的声音把他和我们小镇上的其他人区分开来。⑤Thishousewastoooldandsoonfell_apart.这房子太旧了，很快就坍塌了。13．answerfor对……负责；为……受指责Huntersingeneralhavealottoanswerforintermsofendangeredanimals.就濒危动物而言，猎人通常应负很多责任。inanswer(tosth.)＝asareply作为回应answer(sb.)back反对；回嘴；顶嘴；为自己辩护answertosb.(forsth.)向某人(为某事)负责；对某人担当(某事的)责任完成句子①Theyshallanswer_fortheirbehavior.他们应对自己的行为负责。②Hewasgiventhechancetoanswer_backinaTVinterview.在一次电视访谈中他得到了辩白的机会。14．seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺取；依法没收，扣押Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她试图夺他的枪。seizesth.fromsb.从某人那里夺过某物seizesb.bythe...抓住某人的……seizeon/upon抓住，利用seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会完成句子①Theelephantseized_a_nearby_branchandputitintohermouth.大象抓住旁边的一个树枝，把它放进嘴里。②Beforehecouldrunaway,sheseized_him_bythecollar.在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。③Theyseized_the_airportinasurpriseattack.他们突袭攻占了机场。15．allinall总的来说Allinall,ithadbeenoneofthemostmiserabledaysofHenry'slife.总的来说，这是亨利一生中最凄惨的日子之一。1atall根本；无论如何，一点儿常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气afterall终归；终究inall总共firstofall首先，第一aboveall首先，最重要的是2表示“总的来说”的词组及与其相近词组还有：onthewhole，ingeneral，inshort，inaword，onbalance，asawhole完成句子①Hehashisfaults,but,all_in_all,_heisagoodhelper.他有缺点，但总的说来，他是一个好帮手。②Maxisfair,hardworking,andabove_allhonest.麦克斯公正、勤劳，最重要的是诚恳。③Whyareyousoanxious?Itisn'tyourproblemafter_all.你为什么那么焦急？那终归不是你的问题。④It'snotat_allcertainwhetherI'llcometomorrow.我明天是否会来还不确定。16．meansn.方法；手段Peopleinagriculturalareas,withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving,movetothecities.农业区的人们没有谋生手段时便向城市搬迁。meansof(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法、途径bymeansof借助……的手段byallmeans可以，当然行；尽一切方法，务必bynomeans决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)名师指南：means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，其单复数同形。当means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(1)单句语法填空①Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try),butnoneworked.②I'llforgiveyouthistime,bynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.(2)完成句子①Shetriedtoexplainitby_means_ofbodylanguage.她试图通过肢体语言来说明。②Furthermore,punishmentisby_no_meansawisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.而且，惩处绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。17．adoptvt.接受，接受；收养TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveralnoisecontrolplans.中国政府已接受了好几项噪声限制方案。(1)adoptapolicy/habit接受某项政策/养成某种习惯adoptone'ssuggestion/plan/idea接受某人的建议/安排/想法adoptamethod/measures接受某种方法/实行措施adoptanorphan收养孤儿(2)adoptedadj.收养的adoptionn.收养；接受(1)单句语法填空①Theadoption(adopt)ofthenewtechnologyimprovedtheproduction.②Paul'smotherhadhimadopted(adopt)becauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.③Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasanadopted(adopt)son.④Having_adopted(adopt)anewmethod,theyworkedmoreefficiently.(2)完成句子Pupilsshouldbehelpedtoadopt_a_positive_attitudetotheenvironment.应帮助学生对环境实行主动的看法。18．considerateadj.爱护的，考虑周到的Sheisalwayspoliteandconsideratetowardsheremployees.她对员工总是很有礼貌、爱护入微。(1)considerationn.考虑；体谅，关切，爱护underconsideration在考虑中oconsideration把……考虑在内；考虑……(2)considerableadj.相当大的；相当多的(3)consideringprep.考虑到(4)considerv.考虑；认为considersb./sth.tobe/as...认为……是……；把……看作……considerdoingsth.考虑做某事(1)单句语法填空①Considering(consider)yoursalary,youshouldputasideatleast100dollarsaweek.②Everythingtakenintoconsideration(consider),theybelievedthemselvesmorequalifiedforthejob.(2)完成句子It_was_considerate_ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.迈克尔很爱护地通知我们他的延误，以防我们担忧。19．breakawayfrom摆脱；脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)Istronglyhopethatyoucanconsidermysuggestionandbreakawayfromcomputergamesassoonaspossible.我剧烈希望你考虑我的建议，尽快摆脱电脑嬉戏。breakdown出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败；分解breakout爆发；突然发生breakin闯入；插话breakoff折断；中止breakthrough突破breakup解散；结束；裂开完成句子①Itisimportantforustobreak_away_fromtheoldbeliefswhichareoutofdateandimpractical.摆脱过时且不好用的陈旧传统观念对我们来说是很重要的。②Afirebroke_outduringthenight.夜间突发了火灾。③Scientistssaythey'rebeginningtobreak_throughinthefightagainstcancer.科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面起先有所突破。④Hebroke_intothediscussionwithashoutofwarning.他大声警告，打断了探讨。⑤Youshouldbreak_away_from_such_bad_habitsassoonaspossible.Onlyinthiswaywill_you_have_a_strong_body.你应当尽快改掉这样的坏习惯，只有这样，你才会有健康的体魄。重点词汇点拨1．relevantadj.相关的；切题的；有意义的(1)berelevantto和……有关(2)relevancen.相关性；关联；好用性haverelevanceto与……有关Idon'tthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.→Idon'tthinkwhathesaidhas_relevance_tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.2．coincidencen.巧合；同时发生；一样(1)bycoincidence碰巧，巧合的是purecoincidence纯属巧合Itis/wasacoincidencethat...……是巧合的Whatacoincidence!真巧！(2)coincidentadj.巧合的，重合的；一样的，相符的①By_coincidence,_theymetagainafterlosingcontactfortwentyyears.由于巧合，他们在失去联系20年后又相遇了。②Itwassimplyoneofthosethings,pure_coincidence.这是没方法的事，纯属巧合。3．onsomebody'sbehalf代表……onbehalfofsb.＝onsb.'sbehalf代表……inbehalfofsb.＝insb.'sbehalf[US]做某人的代表或代言人；为了帮助某人On_behalf_ofmywholefamily,Ithankyouforyourhelp.我代表我全家，感谢你的帮助。4．armvt.武装armsb.with...用……武装bearmedwith...装备有armsn.武器，兵器appealtoarms诉诸武力takeuparms拿起武器laydownarms放下武器改写句子(用过去分词作状语)Thesoldierswhowerearmedwithbowsandarrowswerepreparingforthenextbattle.→Armed_with_bows_and_arrows,_thesoldierswerepreparingforthenextbattle.5．roughadj.艰难的；混乱的；粗糙的；粗俗的；粗略的；未加工的；狂暴的(1)beroughon对……粗暴苛刻inrough概略地；粗略地(2)roughlyspeaking大致说来；粗略地说①Thebosswas_rough_onhim,whichmadehimangry.老板对他很苛刻，这让他很生气。②Roughly_speaking，Iwouldsaythatabout100peopleattendedtheexhibition.粗略地说来，我想大约有100人参观了展览。典型句式精析1．Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavereachedconsensus...在过去的几十年里，科学家们一样认为……句中时间状语inthelastfewdecades常与现在完成时搭配。下列时间状语常与完成时连用：①in/over/during/forthelast(past)fewdays/weeks/months/years②recently/lately/just/already/yet/uptonow/tillnow/sofar/thesedays③for＋一段时间④since＋时间点单句语法填空①Inthelastdecade,Chinahas_seen(see)agreatmanychanges.②Ihave_heard(hear)fromhernowandtheninthepastfewyears.③Rentsinthatcityhave_shot(shoot)upinthelastfewmonths.2.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.假如考虑到这些数据，人类的活动与全球升温似乎不仅仅是一种巧合。本句中given为介词，意思为“鉴于；考虑到”。(1)giventhat...“考虑到”，连词，引导条件状语从句。当given为形容词时，意为“特定的，预定的”。(2)与giventhat...用法相像的表达还有：①considering(that)...考虑到，鉴于②seeing(that)．..既然，鉴于③provided/providing(that)．..假定……④assuming(that)．..假设，假如⑤suppose/supposing(that)．..假如，假如单句语法填空①Given(give)thepresentconditions,Ithinkshe'sdoneratherwell.②Giventhattheyareinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.③Atagiven(give)timewe'llallstartshoutingandcheering.④Wewillbethereprovided(provide)wedon'twastetime.⑤Considering(consider)thestrengthoftheopposition,wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.3．Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预料更坏的局面即将来临。句中thelastfewyears作主语，see作谓语，意为“经验；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。(1)see意为“见证，目睹，经验”时，常用表示时代、年头、世纪或地点的名词或短语作主语，表示某时或某地目睹、发生、经验了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find,witness,say,experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增加语言色调，使表达更形象。(1)单句语法填空①TheNationalDayof2024saw(see)somanytrafficjamsontheexpressway.②Ourhometownhas_witnessed(witness)greatchangessincethereformandopeningpoliciesstarted.(2)完成句子ThetwostonelionsstandinginfrontofTian'anmensaw/witnessedmanygreathistoricevents.天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了很多重大的历史事务。Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Themantrapped(困住)undertheminefor170hourswasrescuedbythesoldiersintheend.2．Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtodeveloptheirfullpotential(潜能)．3．Apaperrelevant(与……有关)tothisresearchwaspublishedbyhim.4．Youmustn'tsacrifice(牺牲)environmenttopromoteeconomicgrowth.5．Heisapersonstronglyadvocating(提倡)livingapeacefullife,becauseheisapeaceloverandagainstanytypesofwar.6．Ifyoucannotgoyourself,pleasefindsomeonetosubstitute(代替)you.7．Theterroristsarethreatening(威逼)toblowupthebuildingifwedon'tmeettheirdemands.8．Expertssuggestthatweshouldadopt(接受)theneweducatingsystemtomeetthedevelopmentoftheeconomy.9．Theyarepotential(潜在的)powerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgement,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.10．Formostpeople,thecarisstilltheirmainmeans(方式)oftransport.Ⅱ.单句语法填空(一)单元学问点1．Duringthecivilwarthousandsofpeoplefled(flee)thecountry.2．Inotherwords,theenergyandagricultural(agriculture)policiesofthedevelopedworldaretoburnfood.3．Theconservation(conserve)ofthewildanimalsdeservedtobepaidattentionto.4．Becauseofillegal(legal)logging,andforestfires,theworld'sforestsaredisappearing.5．Hesharpened(sharp)hisknifebeforehecutupthewood.6．It'sconsiderate(consider)ofthewaitresstowarmtheplatebeforesheservesthefood.7．ItwasnotuntilIcompletedtheformthatIrealizedthathalfthequestionswerenotrelevanttome.8．Thechangeable(change)weatherisbadforthegrowthofthecrops.9．Weshouldraisepeople'sawareness(aware)ofprotectingtheriver.10．Itisroughly(rough)estimatedthatfivethousandpeoplediedintheearthquake.11．Helookedpuzzledbecausewhattheteachersaidinclasswasfarbeyondhisunderstanding.12．Heavoidedquarrelling(quarrel)withhiswifebykeepingsilent.13．Wehaveateamarmed(arm)withbothcapitalandhumanresources.14．Duetotheinjury,hewas_condemned(condemn)tospendtherestofthefootballseasononthebench.15．Theseparation(separate)betweenushasprovedtobeablessingforme.(二)单元语法16．Thefoodwillgetburned/burnt(burn)ifyoudon'ttakeitawayfromthefire.17．Despitebeing_taken(take)fromverydifferentsources,theresultsareremarkablyconsistent.18．Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwas_held(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.19．AppleDaysarebeing_held(hold)atallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards.20．Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorswere_taken(take)fromthewildtobebred.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Withoutair,humanbeingwillnotbeabletosurvive.will改为would2．Seizingthechance,otherwiseyou'llregretit.Seizing改为Seize3．Inthepastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshaveproducedallovertheworld.have后加been4．Wemustobeytheprincipleallmenareinnocentuntiltheyareprovedguilty.all前加that5．Havingtrappedinthetrafficjamforhours,hebecameimpatient.Having后加beenⅣ.选词填空inturn，earnone'sliving，apartfrom，answerfor，lookahead，carryoff，aheadof，leadto，referto，bycoincidence1．Thispolicywilllead_togreaterinstabilityintheregion.2．Apart_fromtheinjuriestohisfaceandhands,hebrokebothlegs.3．Yourattitudeaffectsothers,whichin_turnaffectsyou.4．Hisparentsdiedwhenhewas17,sohehadtoearn_his_livingonhisown.5．Ifyougoondoingthis,youwillanswer_fortheconsequences.6．Look_aheadinthedistance,andyoucanseethelightsofthevillage.7．Ithoughtwe'dbelatefortheconcert,butweendedupgettingthereahead_oftime.8．Thievescarried_offthefarmer'ssheepduringthenight.9．By_coincidence,_Imetthepersonwe'dbeendiscussingthenextday.10．Thegirlalwaysrefers_tothereferencebooksashergoodfrien