2021英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档

兼送。作文巧升格Guidedwriting

IACI)ANLJ《〉WEZ，

r~j^：体指导二~i

对比文

也许你在考试、工作和日常生活中经常需要比较和对比事物，这时你撰写的

文章就是对比文。一般来说，这类文章通常是对事物的正反两个方面或者两种不

同的观点进行对比，从而得出结论。

这类作文是以考生面临的两种选择为主题，最终以考生本人的选择和态度归

结全文。如果考生对选择的态度是明确的，即二者选其一，那么考生分别阐述两

种不同的观点的时候应该有自己的主观倾向性。比如：对赞成事物的优点要详

写，缺点要略写；对反对的事物则反之，从而使自己的观点得以实现。如果考生

的态度是不明确的，即两者各有利弊，那么就不应该完全肯定某一个事物，也不

应该彻底否认另一个事物。如果个人看法与文章前面列举的某种观点相同或相似

并且需要论述理由时，考生要避免简单地重复前面提到的论点。

［基本框架］

开头：阐述标题中涉及的现象并且提出问题。

主体：两种选择以及其理由或者优缺点。

结尾：综合前面的分析，表明自己的态度或者做法，并且简述选择的理由。

［常用词块］

1.anattempttoreachaconsensus达成共识的尝试

2.opposechangingthelaw反对改变这个法规

3.aheatedargument一场激烈的争论

4.beregardedasimmoral被认为是不道德的

5.takeaccountofenvironmentalissues考虑各方面的环境问题

6.infavourofequalpayforequalwork支持同工同酬

7.asfarassb.beconcerned就某人而言

8.whenitcomesto(doing)sth.当涉及(做)某事时

［常用语句］

★精彩开头

1.Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleasto…人们对...没有共

识。

2.Whenitcomesto...,people'sopinions/ideas/viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.

当涉及……，人们的观点因人而异。

3.Whenasked...,peoplehavedifferentopinions.当被问及.,人们有不同

的观点。

4.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.不同的人有不同的观点。

5.Thereisaheateddebateover…关于.有一场激烈的争论。

6.Opinionsaremainlydividedintotwogroups.意见主要分为两类。

★丰满主体

1.Manypeopleholdtheviewthat…许多人认为...

2.Itiscommonlyacceptedthat…人们普遍认为...

3.However,somepeopletakeadifferentattitude.然而,有些人持不同的态度。

4.Theyregardthat...他们认为...

5.Somepeoplewhoareinfavouroftheideaof...holdthat...支持这种观点的人

认为……

6.Ontheonehand,...Ontheotherhand,…一方面，...另一方面，

★余味结尾

X.Asforme/inmyeyes/inmyviewpoint,…至于我/在我看来/在我看来，...

2.AsfarasIamconcerned,Istronglyoppose…就我而言，我强烈反对...

3.Takingalltheaboveintoaccount,Istandonthesideof...综上所述，我支

持……

二堂以致用工

移动支付已经全面走进我们的生活，但人们对此褒贬不一。一家英语报社现

以移动支付为话题向中学生征文，请结合它的优点和缺点，以及你的个人观点写

一篇征文。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：移动支付mobilepayment；电子账户e-account

【参考范文】

MobilepaymentisbecomingincreasinglypopularinChina.But,people's

opinionsaredividedonthecashlesspayment.

Mostpeoplearguethatitisquickandconvenient,aswellassaves

paper.However,thosenotinfavourofitworryaboutthesafetyofe-accounts,from

whichhackersmaystealmoneyeasily.

Inmyopinion,almostallthee-accountsareinsuredandavailableonlywith

passwordsorfingerprints.Therefore,Iamdeeplyconvincedthatitsadvantagesfar

outweighitsdisadvantagesandthegreenpaymentdeservestobepromoted.

Unit4Everydayeconomics

导读。话题砂切入Stimulateyourimaginationandpotential

DACDUHUATIMIACQIERU

X.Themarketdoesnotbelieveintears,andtheworkplacedoesnotsympathize

withtheweak!

市场不相信眼泪，职场也不同情弱者！

2.Inthemoderneconomy,knowledgeisbecomingtherealcapitalandthe

primarywealth.

在现代化经济中，知识正成为真正的资本与首要的财富。

3.Agriculturalproductionisthefirstpriorityinoureconomicconstruction.

农业生产居我们经济建设工作的第一位。

4.Fairgainingsmakefairspendings.

堂堂正正地赚钱，才能堂堂正正地花钱。

5.Nomanshouldreceiveadollarunlessthatdollarhasbeenfairlyearned.

倘不是公平挣得，一块钱也不能拿。

，话题感悟］

Moneyisindeedimportant,butmoneycannotbuyeverything.Amisermaythink

that“moneytalks"，butifyouonlygiveyourattentiontomakingmoney,youmay

losemanythings,suchashealth,friendshipandlove.Idon'tthinkweshouldregard

moneyaseverything.Moneyisjustatoolthatcanhelpussolveproblemsorenableus

toliveacomfortablelife.Whatweshoulddoistouseitappropriatelyandnotbecome

misers.Thisway,allofuscanleadahappierlife.

匚^姜文欣:童工1

Doyouhaveabusinessbrain?Areyoualwayslookingforthenextbigidea?

Maybe,likeme,youmightfeelsettingupanewcompanyissomethingyoumightdo

whenyou'reolder,whenyouhavemoreexperience.Butthat'snotalwaysthecase.

Whilesomeofusmayfeelyoungadulthoodisatimeoftentatively（不确定地）

findingourplaceintheworld,sleepinglateandpartyinghard,othersarealreadyon

thepathtogreatbusinesssuccess.TakethefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,who

startedhiscompanyasayounguniversitystudentatHarvardintheUS.Thereare

manyotherexamplesofyoungentrepreneurs（仓U业者）whohavebecomehugely

successful,provingthatthere'snominimumagetobecomingtopdog.

Buttobethenextbusinessexecutiverequires

effort.Youneedtoacquireakeenmindandgoodbusiness

brainandaboveall,youneedenthusiasm.Startinganew

businesscomeswithanelementofriskbutifyouareableto

spotthenextbigidea,it'sprobablyworthgivingitatry.

［探究发现］

1.Findoutmostpeople'sopinionaboutstartingabusiness.

Theymighldoitwhentheyareolderandwhentheyhavemor〉experience.

2.Findoutthemainideaofthesecondparagraph.

Thereisnominimumagetostartourbusiness.

3.Findoutthemostimportantfactortobeabusinessexecutive.

Enthusiasm.

沅读。技能初养成Developingideas

二谡文助，读Q

阅读教材P44-45课文，选出最佳选项

1.Whichoneisnotthebenefitofthesharingeconomy?

A.Savingmoney.

B.Makingmoney.

C.Leakingpersonalinformation.

D.Makingfriends.

2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesharingeconomy?

A.Subjective.B.Objective.

C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.

［答案］1-2CB

二要点直击二

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1discriminatev,歧视；区别，辨别

［教材P41］However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatit

discriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.

然而，一些人不那么乐观，他们认为这是歧视不属于GoodDeal运动的生产

者。

［例1］Itisillegaltodiscriminateongroundsofrace,sexorreligion.

因种族、性别或宗教信仰而实行歧视是非法的。

［例2］Anumberoffeaturesdiscriminatethisspeciesfromothers.

有些特征使这一物种与其他物种区别开来。

［造句］法律绝不歧视穷人偏袒富人。

Thelawdoesnotdiscriminateagainstthepoorandinfavouroftherich.

［知识拓展］

discriminateagainst歧视；排斥；人身攻击；区别

discriminatebetweenAandB=discriminateAfromB

区分A和B

discriminateinfavourofsb.偏袒某人

discriminationn,歧视；偏袒；区别；识别

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Womencomplainthatemployersdiscriminateagainstfemaleworkerswhen

calculatingtheirrankandpay.

②Itisunfairtodiscriminatebetweenblackpeopleandwhitepeople.

(3)ThePopesaidtherighttofoodwasarightforallhumanbeingswithout

discrimination(discriniinate)・

知识要点2superior勿川品质、价值)较好的；地位较高地，上级的；(在数

量上)占多数的，占优势的；不受……左右的，不屈服的n.长官；长辈；前辈;

优越的人

［教材P41］ThiskindofCoffeehasspecialfeatures：superior,smoothblend,

withmildflavour.

这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。

［例1］Heissuperiortotheotherman.

他比另一个男子级别高。

［例2］Thatarmywonbecauseofsuperiornumbers.

那支军队以人多取胜。

［造句］你在这项技术上一定胜过我。

Youmustbesuperiortomeinthisskill.

［知识拓展］

AissuperiortoB=A'ssuperioritytoB

A高于或好于B

superiorityn.优越；优先权

superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级

形式。表示“两者的比较"，用"superiorto”,而不能用“superiorthan”。

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.

②Hewonthecompetitionwithobvioussuperiority(superior).

知识要点3sorrown.悲伤；悲痛；悲哀；伤心事；悲伤事V.感到(或表

示)悲伤

［教材P44］Parentsandteacherskeepremindingustosharetoys,snacks»

books,happymemories,andsometimesevensorrowswithothers.

家长和老师不断提醒我们，要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆，

有时甚至是悲伤。

［例1］Itwasatimeofgreatsorrow.

这是一个非常悲伤的时刻。

［例2］Wordscannotexpressmysorrow.

言语无法表达我的哀伤。

［造句］听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。

Heexpressedhissorrowatthenewsofherdeath.

［知识拓展］

(l)joysandsorrows悲欢

(2)toone'ssorrow让某人伤心的是

moreinsorrowthaninanger悲哀多于愤怒

(3)sorrowfuladj.悲伤的

［即学即练］完成句子/单句语法填空

①Theysaidthatthedecisionwasmademoreinsorrowthaninanger(与其说是

出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤）.

②Tomysorrowmycarbrokedown.

知识要点4takeoff（飞机）起飞；开始成功；脱去（衣服等）；摘掉；匆匆离开;

休假

［教材P44］Thesharingeconomyistakingoffinallsortsofareas.

共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。

［例1］Theyneedtoexpandthenumberoffarmerswhoareinvolvedifthe

scheme'sgoingtoreallytakeoff.

这个方案要想真正成功，他们就需要增加参与的农场主的人数。

［例2］In1944,hemetEdithPiaf,andhiscareertookoff.

1944年，他结识了伊迪思・比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。

［造句］在第三部电影之后，他的电影表演事业开始有起色了。

Afterhisthirdfilm,hiscareeroffilmperformancetookoff.

［知识拓展］

takesth.away解除，消除（感情，痛苦等）

takesb./sth.back与...重归于好；收回；带回；使回

takedown写下,记下;拆卸

takein吸收；理解;欺骗；收留

takeon具有，呈现;担任，承担；雇用

takeup举（拿、捡、・炭）起；占据；从事

takeover接管;接任;控制

［即学即练］写出下列句中takeoff的含义

①Threeplaneswerestandingontherunway,waitingtotakeoff.起飞

(2)1wishyou*dtakeoffthathatwhenyouareintheclassroom.摘掉

©Congratulations,Paulo!Nowmaybeyoucantakeafewdaysoff.休假

④Hetookoffbecauseofhisgoodperformance.开始成功

⑤Thesixboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.匆匆离开

知识要点5cutdown削减；减少使用；砍倒；夺去……的生命

［教材P45］What'smore,sharingencouragesustoreuseitems,therebycutting

downonwaste.

更重要的是，分享鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少浪费。

［例1］Ifyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?

如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？

［例2］Cutdownonanimalfatsfoundinredmeat,hardcheesesandsoon.

减少摄入存在于红肉、硬干酪等中的动物脂肪。

［造句］汽车制造业缩减了生产量。

Thecarindustrycutdownproduction.

［知识拓展］

cutin插话;让（某人）分享利润

cutup打伤；使伤心

cutout删除；裁剪

cutthrough开辟

cutoff切断；中止；隔绝；剥夺继承权

［即学即练］写出下列句中cutdown的含义/单句语法填空

①Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.

②Thisarticleistoolong,andyouhavetocutitdownto1,000words.

©Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobetter

theenvironment.砍倒

©Hunger,coldandillnesscutdownmanyofthevillagers.

夺去……的生命

⑤Wewerecutoffinthemiddleofourtelephoneconversationbecausemycell

phonewasoutofpower.

⑥Itisimpoliteforchildrentocutinwhentheirseniorsaretalking.

知识要点6casen.具体情况；事例；实例；实情；事实；特殊情况；盒子；

案例；伤员

［教材P45］Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomic

activity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoing

supervision.

正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样，共享经济的发展速度

超过了现有的法规或持续的监管。

［例1］Ifthatisthecase(=ifthesituationdescribedistrue),weneedmore

staff.

如果真是那样，那我们就需要更多的员工了。

［4列2］Itissimplynotthecasethatprisonconditionsareimproving.

监狱条件得到改善的情况绝非事实。

［造句］他的钱全部输光，真有其事吗？

Isitthecasethathehaslostallhismoney?

［知识拓展］

(l)insb/scase就某人的情况而言

(2)inthatcase如果是那样的话

incase以防万一

incaseof要是...，在的时候

thecase事实

inanycase无论如何；不管怎样

［即学即练］写出下列句中case/thecase的含义/单句语法填空/完成句子

①Thereisamisbeliefthatpopcorniscalorie-free,butthatisnotthecase.

②Theseideascanbetrueincertaincases,butverywronginothers.

情况

(3)Toattractmorevisitors,themuseumdisplayedtheexhibitionsunglasscases.

©Judgingfromthewholeprocess,itwasatypicalcaseofbadmanagement.

©Fortunately,themostseriouscasesweretreatedatthesceneoftheaccident.

伤员

⑥There'snopointcomplainingnow一we'releavingtomorrowinanycase.

⑦You'dbettertakethekeysincaseFmout(以防万一我不在家).

知识要点7expensen,费用；经费；损失，牺牲

［教材P45］Somecompaniesaretakingunfairadvantageofthissituationto

expandtheirshareofthemarket,oftenattheexpenseofmoretraditionaland

establishedcompanies.

一些公司正在利用这种不公平的情况来扩大其市场份额，往往以牺牲更多的

传统和老牌公司为代价。

［例11Isparenoexpensetocollectthepaintingsby

Picasso.

我不惜花费巨资收藏毕加索的画。

［例2］Ourexpensesfaroutweighourincome.

我们的支出远超我们的收入。

［造句1他自己筹措支付所有的学费。

Hepaidalltheschoolexpensesbyhimself.

［知识拓展］

atone'sownexpense用自费

atthepublicexpense用公费

livingexpenses生活费

atanyexpense不管花多少钱；不管牺牲多大

attheexpenseofaperson用（某人）的费用；麻烦（某人）

attheexpenseof牺牲；付出……的代价

expensiveadj.昂贵的，花钱的

itisexpensive+todo……是很花钱的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Shegaveaconcertatherbrother'sexpense.

②Hesecuredfameandwealthattheexpenseofhishealth.

(3)Itisexpensivetotravel(travel)byplane.

读技能口

段落大意题

段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查，这类文章涉及多种话题如

社会文化类、科普说明类等。设问形式常有：

(1)Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

(2)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.

解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意

(1)段首：说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句。

(2)段尾：先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落中心在段尾。

［典例］

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending-“bad”

tables,crowding,highprices-don*tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables-nexttothe

kitchendoor,say一spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.ltcanbeconcluded

thatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tables,“given

thatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreaseda

restaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffets

priceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

★Whatdoestheparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants*reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

D［根据文章第一句"Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscourage

spending—'bad'tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily.,,可次口，你认

为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人

们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个

误解，故选D。］

［对点训练］

A

Aseparateconcert,SongsWeLove"，foundBridgewatersinginglesspolitically

charged（butstillexciting）farelike“St.JamesInfirmary"，whichappearsonhermost

recentalbum.Inwordsaswellasmusic,thisperiodrevealshowseriouslyBridgewater

takesthatresponsibility,seeingashowitconnectstoherownexperienceinthejazz

lineage.Butmaybe

“seriously"isn'ttherightwordwhenitcomestoDeeDee,whose

effervescence（欢腾，活泼）shinesthrougheveninareflectivemood.Joinherherefor

awhile；she'sexcellentcompany,nomoreorlesssonowthatmasteryisofficiallya

partofherresume.

★Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Bridgewater'smusictheme.

B.Bridgewater'smusicexperience.

C.Bridgewater'spersonalcharacters.

D.Bridgewater'sgreatachievements.

A［段落大意题。根据第一句中的“singinglesspoliticallycharged...”可知，她

的歌曲政治味不太强烈，故本段主要讲了布里姬沃特的音乐主题。］

B

Thereisabreakthroughinbuildingaircraft.Bendablewingscoveredwith

overlapping（部分重叠）piecesresemblingfishsizescouldbeusedtobuildswifter,

fuel-efficientaircraft,anewstudyfinds.

Nowadays,conventionalaircrafttypicallyrelyonailerons（副翼）tohelpcontrol

thewaytheplanestipastheyfly.However,whentheWrightbrothersflewthefirst

airplane,Flyer1,overacenturyago,theyusednoaileronsbutwiresandpulleysthat

twistedthewood-and-canvaswings,tocontroltheplane.

Scientistshavelongsoughttodevelopaircraftthatcanaltertheirwingsduring

theflight,justasbirdscan.However,mostpreviousattemptshavefailedbecausethey

reliedonheavymechanicalcontrolstructureswithinthewings.Thesestructureswere

alsocomplexandunreliable,saidNeilGershenfeld,aphysicistanddirectorofthe

CenterforBitsandAtomsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).

Thenewwingconsistsofasystemoftiny,strong,lightweightmodules.The

shapeofthewingcanbechangeduniformlyalongitslengthusingtwosmallmotors,

whichapplyatwistingpressuretoeachwingtip.Thesewingsarecoveredin“skins”of

overlappingstripsofflexiblematerialresemblingfishsizes.Thesestripsmoveacross

eachotherasthewingsalter,providingasmoothoutersurface,theresearchers

explained.

★Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theshapeofthenewwings.

B.Theresultofthetestedwings.

C.Thefunctionofthesmallmotors.

D.Theworkingprincipleofthenewwings.

D［段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要讲述了新机翼的工作

原理。故选D。］

教学。知识细解码Focusesonlanguagepoints

“ACXUENHISHIX1J1EMA

Li■词汇派生G

1.blank。力.无表情的一blankly口勿.茫然地；没有表情地franknessn.空

白；空虚

2.potentialn.潜力；可能性fpotentiality潜力fpotentiallyado.潜在地

3.enterprisen.企业；事业；事业心一enterprising。四有创业精神的

4.distributev.分发；分配fdistributionn.分销fdistributorn.经销商

distributiveMA分配的

5.guidev.指导；弓I导fguidance几.指导；引导

6.consultv.咨询fconsultant几.顾问

1.blank.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的

①Sheturnedtoablankpageinhernotebook.空白的

②StevelookedblankandsaidhehadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.茫然的

③Hereceivedablankrefusal.彻底的

2.distributionn,分配，分布;分发,分送；（商品）运销，经销,分销

①Themapshowsthedistributionofthisspeciesacrosstheworld.分布

②Thedistributionofthingsinvolvesgivingordeliveringthemtoanumberof

peopleorplaces.分发，分送

©Worldwidedistributionsystemsaredevelopingfast.运销，经销

」要点直击二

WordsandPhrases

知识要点1seatn.座位，坐处（如椅子等）；有……座位的；有……座的；

（椅子等的）座部a向……提供座位；（使）就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容纳……

人

[教材Pas]Shecouldn't,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownher

forehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmoreby

fearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.

然而，她无法掩盖额头上流淌着的那道汗水，一部分是由于电视演播室的高

温造成的，但更多的是因为害怕坐在她前面的四个人。

[例1]Therearenoseatsleftonthatflight.

那次航班没座位了。

[f列2]Heseatedhimselfbehindthedesk.

他在书桌后面坐下。

[造句]他坐在杰克和汤姆之间。

HeisseatedbetweenJackandTom.

［知识拓展］

（l）have/takeaseat请坐

reserveaseat预订座位

beontheedgeofyourseat心情紧张地等待；兴奋地等待某事

beinthedrivingseat操纵，掌管，处于控制地位

（2）beseated就座

stay/remainseated继续坐着

seatoneselfbeside/in/on坐在...旁边/里面/上面

seatsb.on/near安排某人坐在某处

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Pleasebeseated(seat)sowecanbeginourmeeting.

②Hewavedtowardsachair,andseated(seat)himselfatthedesk.

③Thegamehadthecrowdontheedgeoftheir紧张).

知识要点2blanka赤空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的

［教材P3s］Theystaredback,theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhatthey

wouldsaynext.

他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。

［例1］Shestaredatmewithablankexpressiononherface.

她一脸木然地盯着我。

［例2］Helookedatheroutofblackblankeyesthatmadenoopportunityfor

hertospeak.

他那双黑眼睛茫然地望着她，不给她开口的机会。

［造句］我的脑子一片空白。

Mymindwenttotallyblank.

［知识拓展］

goblank（脑子）一片空白

drawablank无回音；无结果；无收获

blankout突然变空

blanksth.out掩盖；遮盖；刻意忘记；抹去记忆

［即学即练］完成句子/单句语法填空

①Sofar,thepoliceinvestigationhasdrawnablank(没有收获).

②Iwastryingtoblankoutprevioussituationsfrommymind.

知识要点3endup结果为……；以……结束

［教材P3s］Zhangneverthoughtthatthiswassomethingshewouldendup

doing.

张月从没想过她最终会从事这样的工作。

［例11Theresultwasthattheengineendedupatthebottomofthecanal.

结果引擎最终沉到了运河底。

［例2］Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendupgettingsomething

youdon*twant.

如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。

［造句］如果你继续那样花钱，你很快就会负债累累。

Youwillsoonendupindebtifyoukeeponspendingmoneythatway.

［知识拓展］

(l)endupdoingsth.最终以做某事结束

end(up)in以……告终；结果为……

end(up)with以……结束（指以某种方式结束）

endupas取终成为

(2)cometoanend结束

put/bringanendto结束……

intheend最后，终于

onend竖立；直立着；连续地

make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Whilestudying,fixyourmindonwhatisreallyimportant,oryouwillendup

remembering(remember)nothing.

(2)Andersenwasbornintoapoorfamily,butendedupasoneofthegreatest

writersofhistime.

③ThelectureendedupwithapoemofanancientChinesepoet.

(4)Ifweneglectourfuture,wellendupinfailure.

⑤Thedoctor'smotivewastobringanendtohispatient'ssuffering(结束病人的

痛苦).

⑥Heisawonderfulcompanionandwecantalkforhoursonend(我们可以连

续聊上好几个小时).

［小片段填空］

Asachildhewishedtobecomeasportsman,butheendedupasasinger.He

oftenthrewpartieswhereheusuallybeganwithcakesandendedupwithsweets.He

becameveryfat.Hetriedmanywaystoloseweight,endingupgaining(gain)weight

soonagain.Itoldhimnottoholdapartyagainandifhedidn*tfollowmyadvice,he

wouldendupinfailure.

知识要点4suiTound围绕；环绕

［教材Pas］Surroundedbyrosesasshewasgrowingup,shepaidthemlittle

attention.

即便她是在玫瑰丛中长大的，却很少注意到它们。

［例1］Whenthecarstoppedinthetownsquareitwassurroundedbysoldiers

andmilitiamen.

汽车停在城镇广场时就被士兵和民兵包围了。

H列2］AsachildIwassurroundedbyloveandkindness.

幼年时我备受关爱。

「造句］我需要一些人立刻包围这所房子。

Ineedsemepeopletosurroundthishouserightnow.

［知识拓展］

(l)surroundsb./sth.with...使某人/某物被……包围

surroundoneselfwithsb./sth.喜欢结交（某类人）;喜欢身边总有（某类东西）

(2)surroundingadj.周围的

surroundingsn.周围的事物；环境（通常用复数形式）

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Thetreessurrounding(surround)thelakewereplantedbythesoldierstenyears

ago.

(2)1liketosurround(surround)myselfwithbeautifulthings.

(3)Surrounded(surround)byadozenofchildren,thewomanhappilycelebrated

her80thbirthday.

［小片段填空］

Asafamouspopstar,helovesbeingsurroundedbysomanyfanscomingtovisit

himfromthesurroundingtowns.Andhealsolikesbeautifulsurroundingswithgreen

treesandflowers,becausehecangetmuchmorepleasurefromnature.

知识要点5potentialn.可能性；潜在性；潜力；潜质。丝潜在的；可能的

［教材P38］Itwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturning

tovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.

直到从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。

M列1］TheEuropeanmarketplaceoffersexcellentpotentialforincreasing

sales.

欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。

［例2］Firstweneedtoidentifyactualandpotentialproblems.

首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。

［造句］他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。

Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.

［知识拓展］

thepotentialforsth.的可能性

have/showpotential有潜力/表现出潜力

achieve/fulfil/realizeyourpotential

发挥潜力

［即学即练］完成句子/单句语法填空

①Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtorealize/fulfil/achievetheirfullpotential

（发挥潜力）.

②Thepotentialforabuseinsuchasystemisenormous.

知识要点6present”陈述；提出（观点、计划等）；呈现；赠送，颁发，介

绍。宓出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的小礼物；赠品；现在

［教材P39］LikeZhang,theypresenttheirideasinthehopeofgetting

investmentandadvice...

像张月一样，他们提出自己的想法，希望得到投资和建议……

H列11Youneedtopresentyourselfbetter.

你需要更善于展示自己。

［例2］MayIpresentmyfiancetoyou?

请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。

［造句］你需要更好地展示自己。

Youneedtopiesentyourselfbetter.

［知识拓展］

(1)presentsb.withsth.向某人赠送某物

presentsth.tosb.向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物

(2)bepresentat出席……

(3)atpresent=atthepresenttime目前，现在

forthepresent目前；就现在而言

［即学即练］写出下列句中present的含义

①Thecompanypresentedamedaltohimonthedaywhenheretired.赠予

②Thepresentsituationistakingaturnforthebetter.当前的

③H