202x版高考英语总复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the s

基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│当堂跟踪检测【单词回顾】分类识记拓展运用一、基础识记词汇Ⅰ.填一填(基础会书写)1.

n.

学说;理论

2.

pron.&n.&adj.<英>万亿;<美>十亿

3.

n.

大气层;气氛

4.

adv.

因此;于是

5.

v.阻止;制止

6.

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力

7.

n.

制度;体系

基础自主梳理thusbilliontheorypreventatmospherepullsystemⅡ.填一填(阅读识其义)1.fundamentaladj.

2.chainn.

3.multiplyvi.&vt.

4.oxygenn.

5.carbonn.

基础自主梳理氧链子;连锁;锁链基本的;基础的碳乘;增加Ⅲ.用一用(语境推意)1.[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.

2.[2017·北京卷]However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.

基础自主梳理二氧化碳连锁,一系列二、核心拓展词汇Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)1.

vi.

存在;生存→

n.存在;生存;生活(方式)

2.

adj.有害的→

n.害处vt.对……有害

3.

vt.&vi.使……迷惑n.难题;谜→

adj.迷惑不解的

4.

n.球体;地球仪→

adj.全世界的;全球性的

基础自主梳理harmfulexistenceexistharmpuzzlepuzzledglobeglobal5.

adj.猛烈的→

n.暴力→

adv.猛烈地

6.

prep.不像;和……不同→

(反义词)prep.→

v.&n.不喜欢

7.

n.物理学家→

adj.物理学的→

n.物理,物理学

8.

n.质量;团;块;大量→

(pl.)群众

基础自主梳理likeviolenceviolentviolentlydislikeunlikephysicistphysicalphysicsmassmassesⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Notlongagoa

(violence)earthquakeoccurredoffthecoastofIndonesia.

2.[2017·北京卷]Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsown

________________(exist).

3.Themotherpattedherchild

(gentle)ontheback,tryingtocalmhimdown.

4.Playingputergamesforalongtimeisvery

(harm)toourhealth.

基础自主梳理existenceviolentgentlyharmful5.

(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar,Iusuallyetoworkbybus.

6.Weliveina

(globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.

7.Hisanswertothequestionsounds

andweareall

alot.(puzzle)

8.Hespentthewholeafternoon

(pull)weedsinthegarden.

基础自主梳理globalUnlikepuzzledpuzzlingpulling【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.“看,观察”动词家族①look(at)强调看的动作②see强调看到的结果③watch观看(精力集中)

④witness亲眼看见,目击⑤observe仔细观察⑥glare(at)生气地看⑦glance(at)瞥一眼⑧stare(at)凝视2.“推,拉”家族①pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力②drawvt.&vi.拖,拉③dragvt.&n.拖,拉,拽④pushv.&n.

推,推动(力)基础自主梳理3.“碰、撞”家族①hitv.碰撞,打击②crashv.碰撞;坠落③bumpn.&v.

撞;碰撞(声)

④collidev.碰撞;相撞⑤collisionn.撞击;碰撞⑥runinto撞上⑦knockinto撞上⑧knocktogether相撞【短语扫描】归纳积累一网打尽Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)动词+介/副词1.cheer

感到高兴;感到振奋

2.prevent…

阻止;制止

3.block

挡住(光线)

4.break

突发;爆发

5.watch

for密切注意;当心;提防

基础自主梳理

fromupoutoutout介词+名词6.

time及时;终于7.

one'sturn轮到某人

动词+名词(+介词)8.givebirth

产生;分娩

9.lay

下蛋

10.getthehang

熟悉;掌握;理解

其他11.now

既然

基础自主梳理eggsinintoofthatⅡ.用一用(境中提升)选用以上短语填空1.Afiercefight

betweenthetwobrothersjustbecauseofasmallthing.

2.PleasetellmewhenMrSmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimup

.

3.Thewall

allthelight.Itshouldbepulleddown.

4.

sharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordinglywhiledriving.

基础自主梳理blocksoutbrokeoutintimeWatchoutfor【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.表达“小心;当心”的高频短语荟萃①watchout(for)小心;当心②lookout当心③takecare小心④becareful小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事①preventsbfromdoingsth

②stopsbfromdoingsth

③keepsbfromdoingsth基础自主梳理(2)禁止某人做某事①prohibitsbfromdoingsth

②bansbfromdoingsth

③forbidsbfromdoingsth背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)1.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried

ontheearthandfellover.

但当我尽量向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。“…倍数+as+形容词/副词+as…1.杰茜卡付出的是三倍于以前的时间和精力,所以我相信她这次会成功。Jessicadevoted______________

_______________________________shedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.基础自主梳理【句式再现】攻克句型对接高考twiceasfarasthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)2.Thisproducedachainreaction,__________________________________forlifetodevelop.

这引起了连锁反应,为生命的发展提供了可能。“makeit+adj./n.(+forsb/sth)+todosth”结构2.[2017·浙江卷·书面表达]这些睡前活动让孩子们都变得很兴奋,使他们很难平静下来睡觉。Theseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedand_________________________________________

andsleep.

whichmadeitpossiblemakeithardforthemtocalmdown基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)3.Theearthbecame_____________________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

地球变得如此激烈动荡,不知道这个形状是否会持续下去。“so…that…如此……以至于

3.[2016·北京卷·书面表达]

我们做得很好,被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。Wedid____________________________________________________________________________________allthestudentsofourschool.

soviolentthatsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewith基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)4.So_______________________

ontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependon__________________________

___________________________.

所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。whether引导主语从句和宾语从句4.[2015·浙江卷·书面表达]

一旦我们有机会决定是在公园野餐还是去博物馆,我很想去博物馆。Oncewewerelefttodecide_________________________________________________

___________,Iwouldlovetogotoamuseum.

whetherlifewillcontinuewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseumwhetherthisproblemcanbesolvedexist

vi.存在;生存·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也下蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(2)Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblemsingeography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。考点分层突破核心词汇考点分层突破·归纳拓展①existonsth(=liveonsth)靠某物生存existin…

存在于……之中Thereexists…

有/存在……②existencen.存在inexistence 现存的;现有的eintoexistence 产生;存在③existingadj. 现存的;现行的【名师指津】exist一般不用于进行时态,也不能使用被动语态。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexist

suchasmalline.

(2)Howthefirststarcameinto

(exist)isnotknown.

(3)Theparkingplaceforbikeswasan

(exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.

考点分层突破onexistenceexisting2prevent

v.

阻止;制止·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。考点分层突破(2)Asalways,youshouldstretchatleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.在每次开跑之前,你都应该像往常一样伸展四肢至少十分钟,以避免受伤。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展【名师指津】(1)在主动语态中,stop/prevent…fromdoingsth中可省去from,而keep…fromdoingsth中的from不可省略;在被动语态中,这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。(2)在protect…from结构中,from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。考点分层突破·即学即练单句改错(1)Nothingcouldpreventhimgoouteventhoughit'sbadweather.

(2)Theplancanbepreventedbeingcarriedout.

(3)Theydidn'tkeephimexpressinghisviews.考点分层突破go→goingbeing前加fromhim后加from3puzzle

n.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难·经典例句(1)[教材原句P27]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是怎样起源的,这个问题是科学家们发现的难以解决的最大难题之一。(2)Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学难题。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展①puzzleover/about苦苦思索;仔细琢磨②puzzledadj. 迷惑的;不解的puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的bepuzzledby…

被……迷惑bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解③apuzzletosb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情【名师指津】过去分词形式的形容词,如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等,除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外,还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词,如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。考点分层突破·即学即练单句语法填空(1)Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremains

puzzletous.

(2)

puzzledmewaswhytheydidn'ttaketheexpert'sadvice.

(3)Joepassedhishandoverhisfaceandlooked

(puzzle).考点分层突破aWhatpuzzled4pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力

·经典例句(1)[教材原句P30]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭升空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。(2)[2018·天津卷]ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展pullback拉回来;缩回;使后退pulldown 拉下(窗帘等);拆毁;拆掉(房屋等)pullout 拔出,使脱离;(列车等)驶出,出站;启程pullup 把……往上拽;(使)停下(住)pullsbfrom/outof 从……中退出pullin (列车等)驶进,到站;(船)靠岸pullthrough (使)渡过危机/难关·即学即练用适当的介词或副词填空(1)ItwasimpossibleforJoetoclimbbackorforSimontopullhim

.

(2)Hesucceededinpulling

thedifficulty.

(3)Thetrainpulled

exactlyontime.

考点分层突破upthroughin对点训练语境语法填空Theriverisbeingpollutedwithmanyfactories1.

(exist)onbothofitssides.Deadfishhavebeenfound2.

(float)onthesurfaceofthewater.Unknownbacteria3.

(multiply)fastalongtheriver,whichmightbeapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.However,what4.

(puzzle)thelocalgovernmentishowtodealwiththerelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentand考点分层突破existingfloatingaremultiplyingpuzzlesenvironmentalprotection.Theywanttotakeaction5.

(pull)downsomeofthefactories,buttheyfearthatthismaycausethelocaleconomy6.

(crash)andthenbringimpactsonemployment.考点分层突破topulltocrashintime终于;及时·经典例句[教材原句P25]Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.最终它们产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。考点分层突破高频短语考点分层突破·归纳拓展①intimefor…

刚好赶上……intimetodosth 及时做某事②ontime 准时allthetime 一直,始终atonetime 曾经,一度atatime 每次,逐一考点分层突破fromtimetotime 有时,偶尔innotime 立刻,马上timeandtimeagain 一次又一次,一再③takeone'stime 别着急;慢慢来killtime 消磨时间·即学即练用time相关短语的适当形式填空(1)Doyouwanttogetup

tohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?

(2)

,halfthelandontheearth'ssurfacewascoveredbytheforest.

(3)We'llhavetheleakfixed

.

考点分层突破intimeAtonetimeinnotime2inone'sturn轮到某人;接着·经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.从而,它们的时代到来了,它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。(2)Atthemeeting,theyallspoke,eachintheirturn.在会议上他们依次都发了言。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展inturn依次;轮流;因此;因而byturns 轮流;依次taketurnstodosth/(in)doingsth 轮流做某事Itissb'sturntodosth. 轮到某人做某事·即学即练单句语法填空(1)Wetookturns

(do)thedrivingonthewayuptoCanada.

(2)

ismyturntocleantheclassroomthisweek.

(3)Inwinterpeopleburnalotofcoaltowarmthemselves,andthis_____

turncausespollutionandglobalwarming.考点分层突破todoinIt3cheerup高兴起来;振作精神·经典例句(1)[教材原句P31]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高兴,(由于失重)我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。(2)Wewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.我们去了卖花人那里,问她我们能否为那位女士买朵花让她振作起来。考点分层突破考点分层突破·归纳拓展cheersbup使某人振作起来cheersbon (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励;为某人加油cheerfor 为……而欢呼Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯!·即学即练完成句子(1)Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthere__________________

(为她的朋友加油)andpraisetheiracplishments.

(2)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymother_____________________________________

(给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴).考点分层突破tocheeronherfriendstellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup对点训练运用所学短语完成下列短文1.

(既然)theriverherehasbeenbadlypolluted,weshouldbe2.

(及时)todealwithit,oritwillbeharmfultoourhealth.Weshould3.

(阻止它)beingpollutedagain.Soweshould4.

(振作起来)and5.

(密切注意)thebadbehaviours.

考点分层突破NowthatintimepreventitfromcheerupwatchoutforButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(教材P31)但当我尽量向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。·句型公式

考点分层突破重点句型twiceasfaras…是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是……的两倍远”。在该句型中,twice也可换成:half,onefourth等词,表示“……是……的一半/四分之一等”。考点分层突破·归纳拓展常见的倍数表达法有:①倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…②倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than…③倍数+thesize/height/weight/depth/…+of…④倍数+asmany/much+名词+as…·经典例句(1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigas/threetimesbiggerthan/threetimesthesizeofthepresentone.正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大。(2)Thenewbridgeisthreetimesthewidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.这座新桥是去年建造的那座桥的三倍宽。考点分层突破·即学即练一句多译最近发现的行星几乎是地球的三倍大,人类有望能在上面生活。(1)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(as)

(2)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(than)

(3)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________

theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(size)

考点分层突破threetimesaslargeasthreetimesbiggerthanthreetimesthesizeof2Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(教材P26)这引起了连锁反应,为生命的发展提供了可能。·句型公式

考点分层突破“makeit+adj./n.+forsbtodo”结构中it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。考点分层突破·归纳拓展①make+it+形容词/名词+that从句make+it+形容词/名词+todosthmake+it+nogood/nouse/novalue…+doingsth②常用于这种句型的动词还有:think,consider,find,feel等。·经典例句(1)Thepresentsituationmakesitdifficultforustoacplishthetaskontime.目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。(2)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.无论他在哪里,他都会在早饭前去散散步。考点分层突破(3)Whenitestoemotionalsupport,thescientistthinksitnecessarytosurroundyourselfwithsomesupportivepeople.当提到情感支持时,这位科学家认为周围有一些支持你的人是必要的。考点分层突破·即学即练(1)单句语法填空①Unfortunately,thetreesmade

impossibleforpeopletoseeherfromabove.

②Lotsofpeoplefindithard

(get)upinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.

考点分层突破ittoget(2)同义句改写Itispossibleforeverystudentinourschooltouseaputerinclass.(同义句转换)→Ourschool

foreverystudenttouseaputerinclass.

考点分层突破makesitpossible对点训练语境改错Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimessizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakespossibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststoNigeriaisfivetimeslargeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考点分层突破Ataroughestimate,Nigeriaisthreetimes∧sizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakes∧possibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststo考点分层突破thewhatitNigeriaisfivetimes∧largeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考点分层突破asthatⅠ.单句语法填空1.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayof

(prevent)that.

2.Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha

(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.

3.Moreimportantly,Ifounditwasmyturn

(start)lookingaftermyfather.

4.Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Oureffortswillpayoff

time.

当堂跟踪检测preventingpuzzlingtostartin5.Thereweremanyfish

(float)intheriverbecauseoftheseriouspollution.

6.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental

myworkasadirector.

7.Therearefourtimes

(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.

8.Aconflictbroke

whenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactoryworkers

sendingwastewaterintotheirfield.当堂跟踪检测floatingtooutmorefromⅡ.短语填空1.You'vemademesufferinthepast,sonowyou,

,sufferagain!

2.Hansfinally

hisjobafterthreemonthsoftraining.

3.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviourssuchaspooreatinghabits,which

increasetheriskofheartdisease.

当堂跟踪检测inyourturngotthehangofgivebirthto,inone'sturn,nowthat,preventfrom,getthehangof,inturninturn4.

you'vepassedyourtest,youcandriveonyourown.

5.Thegovernmenttookimmediatemeasuresandthediseasewas

___________________spreading.

6.ItwasJamesWatt'sobservationofsteamfromakettlethat_______________

theideaofthesteamengine.

当堂跟踪