模块一第1讲名词学案含解析

模块一需要变形的词:名词、形容词和副词第1讲名词Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebration(celebrate)withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.2.(2020·浙江高考)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3.(2019·浙江高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection/connections(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopsticks(用筷子).

2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamily(我们家每一个人).

3.(2020·江苏高考)Thehealthsecuritysystems(医疗安全体系)ofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderabletransformation.

4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens(几十只鸡).

语法填空二谨记1.根据语境标志词判断名词(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2.根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,方能解决好此类问题。一、可数名词的数可数名词变复数的规则变化可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i,再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接+-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves加-sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs,safe→safes可数名词变复数的不规则变化名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:构成方法例词增加字母child→children,ox→oxen改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice单复数同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish,species续表构成方法例词表示“某国人”的名词加-sAmerican→Americans,German→Germans,Greek→Greeks单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的,将-man和-woman分别改为-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen二、不可数名词不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有:fun,baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等。(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:①用some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof等表示多少。注意:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。②用单位词表示,用a...of表示。如acupoftea,apieceofpaper。不可数名词与可数名词的转化(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:※Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,不是水果。※Mydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburgers.我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物,如咸肉或汉堡包。(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:※Aheavysnowwasfalling.当时正下着一场大雪。※Afinerainbegantofall.开始下起一阵小雨。另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。如:※Twoteasandacoffee,please.请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。※Iorderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,但意思不同。如:work工作,awork著作;glass玻璃,aglass玻璃杯;wood木头,awood小树林;room空间,aroom房间;paper纸,apaper一份试卷(文件,报纸等)等。抽象名词具体化通常可分为两类:(1)表示情感、情绪的词,强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:※Thenewmethodhasfinallyprovedtobeasuccess.新方法最终试验成功了。(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。如:haveagoodtime,haveawonderfulsupper,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof,haveapopulationof,coveranareaof,reachaheightof等。三、名词所有格表示有生命名词的所有格时,在词尾加“’s”。theboy’sbag,men’srooms。若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“’”。theteachers’reading-room。此外,表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”。atenminutes’walk,atwentymiles’journey,twotons’weight,fiftydollars’worth。如果两个名词并列,且分别加“’s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“’s”,则表示两个“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(两间);JohnandMary’sroom(一间)。of属格:无生命名词的所有格用of结构。amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。atthedoctor’s在诊所;atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。双重所有格:of+名词“’s”结构。afriendofmybrother’s,worksofMoYan’s。名词所有格用法口诀:名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加’s即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【点津】如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,“AofB”要翻译为“B的A”。小题快练Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2019·北京高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivities(activity)onEarthDay.②(2020·浙江高考)Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’(participant)overallhealthstatus.③(2020·江苏高考)Theytestedthemen’s(men)fitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.④(2018·天津高考)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity(curious).⑤(2018·浙江高考)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Ⅱ.完成句子①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacation(暑假).

②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcities(不同的城市).

③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobs(不同的工作)Iwouldliketodo.

④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsorts(各种各样)inthesittingroom.

Ⅰ.语法填空Chinesenetusershavefoundanewwaytobattledesertificationbyplayingvirtual(虚拟的)plantinggames.AntForest,1._________isunderAntFinancialoftheAlibabaGroup,toldtheGlobalAntForestisthefirstsuchgameinChina.IntheAntForestplan,anyactivity2._________(consider)lowcarbon,includingwalking,takingpublictransportandonlinepayments,willbeconvertedintovirtual“greenenergy”.Theenergywillbeusedtogrowavirtualtreeinthe“forest”ofthe3._________(user).Theyexchange4._________forarealtreebypayingthecorrespondingenergy.AntForestwillplanttherealtreesinspringandautumneachyear5._________thehelpoflocalauthoritiesinthedesertareas.Thiswayofplantingtrees6.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreat8._________(important)totheprotectionofecosystems.Chinaaims9._________(increase)theforestcoverto23percentby2020,andto26percentby2035.AnewstudyusingdatafromNASAsatelliteshowsthattheEarthbecomes10._________(green)asaresultofambitioustree-plantingprogramsinChina.

1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为AntForest,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。2.【解析】considered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,该句中主语为anyactivity,其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系,作后置定语,故填considered。3.【解析】users。考查名词复数。根据其前的定冠词the可知,此处用名词,根据句意“用户”,可知用复数,故填users。4.【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知,此处替代前一句avirtualtree,为特指,故填it。5.【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中使用withthehelpof...为固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,故填with。6.【解析】wasrecognized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知,该句中Thiswayofplantingtrees为主语,是单数,其与所给词汇为被动关系,用被动语态。根据时间状语onOctober23,2018,可知用一般过去时态,故填wasrecognized。7.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。根据句意可知,此处意指“一种方式”,为泛指,means的首字母发音是辅音,故填a。8.【解析】importance。考查名词。该句使用固定短语attachimportanceto...,意为“重视,认为……重要”,故填importance。9.【解析】toincrease。考查不定式。aimtodosth.为固定搭配,意为“目标是,旨在……”故填toincrease。10.【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,植树在中国取得了成效,地球变得更加绿色,暗含“比较”含义,用比较级,故填greener。Ⅱ.语段填空Nowadaysmyschoolworkbecomesmuchheavierthaneverbefore,thusforcingmetostayup(迫使我熬夜)deepintothenight.Iseldomdidsports(很少做运动).ForthisreasonIoftenfeltsleepyinclass(经常课上感到困倦).Badhealthcausedmypoormemory.ThingshavebeenchangedsinceIfollowedmyteacher’sadvice(自从我听从了我老师的建议).Igetupearliertodomorningexercises.Duringthe10minutes’break(在十分钟课间休息期间)Igooutoftheclassroomtorelaxmybrainandmuscles.Atfiveo’clockintheafternoonIoftengototheplaygroundtohavesports.Allthismakesmefreshand