初升高衔接英语语法知识名词导学案

初升高衔接英语语法知识名词清单名词名词分类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词名词的数可数名词的规则变化、不规则变化不可数名词的数名词所有格of所有格的构成与用法‘s所有格的构成与用法双重所有格梳理1名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化构成方法例子一般情况在词尾加sdeskdesks;dogdogs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加esbusbuses;box(___________);watchwatches;dishdishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加escitycities;family(___________)以o结尾的词加s或esphotophotos;tomato(___________)以f或能结尾的词多数变f为v再加esleafleaves2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化构成方法例子变内部元音manmen;foot(___________);goosegeese词尾加en或renoxoxen;childchildren单复数同形peoplepeople;sheep(___________);deerdeer;meansmeans其他特殊情况mousemice...3.表示不可数名词的“数量”情况方法例子大概的量用much,alotof,plentyof,some等alotofmoney;somemilk具体的量用apieceof,twocupsof等apieceofpaper;twocupsoftea［特别提醒］★有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers;glasses;scissors。★名词前有man或woman修饰时，其复数形式要把两个名词都变复数,如：womenteachers;______________________（男医生）。★有些名词以复数形式出现但并非复数意义，如:news;physics;maths★有些名词以单数形式出现但具有复数意义，如:people;police等。★有些名词可兼作可数名词和不可数名词，需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数，如：apieceofglass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)abowlofchicken(鸡肉)achicken(________________)aglassoforange（橙汁)anorange(橙子）apieceofpaper(纸)adailypaper(报纸）toomuchroom(________________)aroom(房间)alotofwork(工作)agreatwork(著作)★“数词+名词”作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符，如an8yearoldgirl,atenmilewalk梳理2：名词所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）类别构成方法例子’s所有格有生命的单数名词在词尾加’sJack’sshoes;today’shomework有生命的复数名词不以s结尾的加’swomen’sclothes以s结尾的加’students’rooms表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数加’sChina’sdevelopment复数加’20years’time表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加’sTomandMary’sdesk表示每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加’sTom’sandMary’sdesksof所有格表示无生命的事物的名词一般用“of+名词”来表示，作后置定语thedooroftheroom双重所有格针对人而言或名词前的限定词互相排斥一般用“of+’s或of+名词性物主代词”来表示afriendofTom’s;anoldfriendofours刷题I.写出下列名词的复数形式。1.child_____________ 2.mistake_____________ 3.box_____________4.hero_____________ 5.piano_____________ 6.wife_____________7.baby_____________ 8.tooth_____________9.policewoman_____________ 10.Japanese______________II.英汉互译。1.八支牙刷_____________________ 2.几把小刀_____________________3.一双筷子_____________________ 4.三杯水_____________________5.很多大米_____________________ 6.教师的办公室_____________________7.三天的旅行_____________________ 8.我妹妹的一张照片__________________9.somechicken_____________________ 10.fivetimes_____________________11.thetopofthehouse_____________________III.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Most_____________(boy)studentsareplayingfootballontheplayground. 2.Longlongagothereweretwo_____________(mouse).Theywerefriends.3.Twocar_____________(thief)havebeencaughtinourmunityrecently.4.Many_____________(people)enjoysportsbywatchingothersplay.5.Hekeptanotebookandthenamesand_____________(address)ofhisfriendswerewritteninit.6.Mygrandparentsare_____________(German),buttheyliveinFrance.7.Wouldyouliketoeatsome_____________(apple)ordrinksome_____________(apple)juice?8.ThesecondSundayinMayis_____________(mother)Day.IV.根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。1.她是一个五岁的女孩。Sheis__________________________girl.2.他是我父亲的一个朋友。Heis_______________________________________________.3.那个穿蓝色连衣裙的妇女是Mary和Alice的母亲。Thewomaninabluedressis_______________________________________4.他把咖啡杯掉地上，打破了。Hedroppedthe__________________________onthefloorandbrokeit.5.我弟弟刚才喝了两瓶牛奶。Mybrotherdrank_____________________________________justnow.V.下列各题中均有一处错误,找出并改正。1.Twoday’sholidayisnotenoughforthetiredstudents.2.Manyforeignershavegotusedtochopstick.3.NothingcanreducemysadwhenIfail.4.Afriendofmecametoseemeonmybirthday.5.Howmuchsugarsdidyouputinyourmilk?6.Swimmingisoneofthebestformofexercise.7.Ifyouwanttodrive,youmayneedadriverlicense.8.Theywereenemybefore,butnowtheyareclosefriends.参考答案：【梳理1】1.boxes;families;tomatoes2.feet;sheep[特别提醒]mendoctors;小鸡；空间【刷题】I.1.children2.mistakes3.boxes4.heroes5.pianos6.wives7.babies8.teeth9.policewomen10.JapaneseII.1.eighttoothbrushes2.afew/severalknives3.apairofchopsticks4.threecupsofwater5.plentyof/alotof/lotsof/muchrice6.teachers'office7.athreedaytrip8.aphotoofmysister/sister's9.一些鸡肉10.五次/五倍11.房顶III.1.boy2.mice3.thieves4.people5.addresses6.Germans7.apples;apple8.Mother'sI