2018年06月六级真题（第1套）

淘宝店铺：叮当考研机密*启用前大学英语六级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2018年6月第1套)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会

Part

I

Writing

(30

minutes)Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

an

essay

on

the

importance

ofbuilding

trust

between

employers

and

employees.

You

can

cite

examples

to

illustrate

yourviews.

You

should

write

at

least

150

words

but

no

more

than

200

words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itisatypicalsalad.

B)ItisaSpanishsoup.

C)Itisaweirdvegetable.

D)Itisakindofspicyfood.

2.A)Tomakeitthicker.

B)Tomakeitmorenutritious.

C)Toaddtoitsappeal.

D)Toreplaceaningredient.

3.A)Itcontainsverylittlefat.

B)Itusesoliveoilincooking.

C)Itusesnoartificialadditives.

D)Itismainlymadeofvegetables.

4.A)Itdoesnotgostalefortwoyears.

B)Ittakesnospecialskilltoprepare.

C)Itcomesfromaspecialkindofpig.

D)Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.

B)Theydonotmakedecentgifts.

C)Theydonotvarymuchinprice.

D)TheygowellwithItalianfood.

6.A)$30-$40.

B)$40-$50.

C)$50-$60.

D)Around$150.

7.A)Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople.

B)TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians.

C)Theysymbolizegoodhealthandlongevity.

D)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.

8.A)ItisawineimportedfromCalifornia.

B)Itislessspicythanallotherredwines.

C)Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.

D)ItisItaly'smostfamoustypeofredwine.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Learningothers'secrets.

B)Searchingforinformation.

C)Decodingsecretmessages.

D)Spreadingsensationalnews.

10.A)TheyhelpedtheU.S.armyinWorldWarⅡ.

B)Theycouldwritedownspokencodespromptly.

C)Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.

D)Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.

11.A)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificWar.

B)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.

C)Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.

D)NavajoIndians'contributiontocodebreaking.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Allserviceswillbepersonalized.

B)Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.

C)Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.

D)Moreinformationwillbeavailable.

13.A)Intheroboticsindustry.

B)Intheinformationservice.

C)Inthepersonalcaresector.

D)Inhigh-endmanufacturing.

14.A)Theychargehighprices.

B)Theyneedlotsoftraining.

C)Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.

D)Theyfocusoncustomers'specificneeds.

15.A)Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.

B)Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.

C)Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople'slives.

D)Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughcentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.

B)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.

C)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.

D)Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.

17.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.

B)Tracesleftbyearlyexplorers.

C)Anancientgeographicalmap.

D)Somestonetoolsegments.

18.A)Totransportstonestoblockfloods.

B)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.

C)Tolinkthevariousmonumentsites.

D)ToconnectthevillagesalongtheNile.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Dr.Gongdidn'tgivehimanyconventionaltests.

B)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.

C)Dr.Gongdidn'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.

D)Dr.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.

20.A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.

B)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork'sChinatown.

C)Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain.

D)Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.

21.A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.

B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.

C)Itdoesn'tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.

D)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.

B)Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.

C)Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.

D)Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.

23.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.

B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents'favor.

C)Theyweren'tspoiledintheirchildhood.

D)Theydidn'tliketobetheappleoftheirparents'eyes.

24.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.

C)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.

D)Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.

25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.

B)Theytendtobewelladjusted.

C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative.

D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidssaythey'vediscoveredthattheGreatPyramidofGizaisnotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.Thispyramidistheoldestoftheworld'sSevenWonders.Thepyramid'sexactsizehas

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expertsforcenturies,asthe"morethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstones"thatoriginallycovereditwere

27

longago.Reportinginthemostrecentissueofthenewsletter"AERAGRAM,"which

28

theworkoftheAncientEgyptResearchAssociates,engineerGlenDashsayshisteamusedanewmeasuringapproachthatinvolvedfindinganysurviving

29

ofthecasinginordertodeterminewheretheoriginaledgewas.Theyfoundtheeastsideofthepyramidtobea

30

of5.5inchesshorterthanthewestside.Thequestionthatmost

31

him,however,isn'thowtheEgyptianswhodesignedandbuiltthepyramidgotitwrong4,500yearsago,buthowtheygotitsocloseto

32

."WecanonlyspeculateastohowtheEgyptianscouldhavelaidouttheselineswithsuch

33

usingonlythetoolstheyhad,"Dashwrites.Hesayshis

34

isthattheEgyptianslaidouttheirdesignonagrid,notingthatthegreatpyramidisorientedonly

35

awayfromthecardinaldirections(itsnorth-southaxisruns3minutes54secondswestofduenorth,whileitseast-westaxisruns3minutes51secondsnorthofdueeast)—anamountthat's"tiny,butsimilar,"archeologistAtlasObscurapointsout.A)chroniclesB)completeC)establishedD)fascinatesE)hypothesisF)maximumG)momentumH)mysteriouslyI)perfectJ)precisionK)puzzledL)remnantsM)removedN)revelationsO)slightlySectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PeerPressureHasaPositiveSideA)Parentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren'sfriendswithsomethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthepowertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinessiswellfounded:statisticsshow,forexample,thatateenagedriverwithasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneorwithanadult.

B)Ina2005study,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofTempleUniversityandhisco-author,psychologistMargoGardner,thenatTemple,divided306peopleintothreeagegroups:youngadolescents,withameanageof14;olderadolescents,withameanageof19;andadults,aged24andolder.Subjectsplayedacomputerizeddrivinggameinwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthatmaterializes,withoutwarning,ontheroadway.SteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassignedsomeparticipantstoplayaloneorwithtwosame-agepeerslookingon.

C)Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeerswereintheroom—andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.Incontrast,adultsbehavedinsimilarwaysregardlessofwhethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers."Thepresenceofpeersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelytotakerisks,"SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.

D)Yetintheyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisstudy,Steinbergbegantobelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.Asheandotherresearchersexaminedthequestionofwhyteensweremoreapttotakerisksinthecompanyofotherteenagers,theycametosuspectthatacrowd'sinfluenceneednotalwaysbenegative.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteenbrain'skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriendsandleverageittoimproveeducation.

E)Ina2011study,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesturnedtofunctionalMRI(磁共振)toinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivityintheadolescentbrain.Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivinggamedesignedtotestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthecrossroad.

F)Thebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityintworegionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeersthanwhenalone.Inotherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarewithpeers,whichmotivatesthemtopursuehigher-riskexperiencesthatmightbringabigpayoff(suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred).ButSteinbergsuspectedthistendencycouldalsohaveitsadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlineinAugust,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardgamecalledtheIowaGamblingTasktoinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.

G)Theresults:TeenswhoplayedtheIowaGamblingTaskundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedinmoreexploratorybehavior,learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachievedbetterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedinsolitude."Whatourstudysuggestsisthatteenagerslearnmorequicklyandmoreeffectivelywhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey'reontheirown,"Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents.

H)MatthewD.Lieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreWiredtoConnect,suspectsthatthehumanbrainisespeciallyskillfulatlearningsociallysignificantinformation.Hepointstoaclassic2004studyinwhichpsychologistsatDartmouthCollegeandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRItotrackbrainactivityin17youngmenastheylistenedtodescriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues(forexample,tryingtoformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription)ormoresociallyneutralinformation(suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsinthedescription).Thedescriptionswerethesameineachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.

I)Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionsintermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedwithfactualmemory,suchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingaboutorrememberingdescriptionsintermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivatedthedorsomedialprefrontalcortex—partofthebrain'ssocialnetwork—evenastraditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowlevelsofactivity.Morerecently,ashereportedina2012review,Liebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinctnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemory.Suchfindings,hesays,suggestthat"thisnetworkcanbecalledontoprocessandstorethekindofinformationtaughtinschool—potentiallygivingstudentsaccesstoarangeofuntappedmentalpowers."

J)Ifhumansaregenerallygearedtorecalldetailsaboutoneanother,thispatternisprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareveryattentivetosocialdetails:whoisin,whoisout,wholikeswhom,whoismadatwhom.Theirdesireforsocialdramaisnot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolworkorofdrivingadultscrazy.Itisactuallyaneurological(神经的)sensitivity,initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peopleinthisagegroupareatastageinwhichtheycanpreparetofindamateandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.Todothissuccessfully,theirbrainpromptsthemtothinkandevenobsessaboutothers.

K)Yetourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsasindividualentities.Whatwouldhappenifeducatorsinsteadtookadvantageofthefactthatteensarepowerfullycompelledtothinkinsocialterms?InSocial,Liebermanlaysoutanumberofwaystodoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelensofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeopleinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleonintermsofhisdesiretoimpressorChurchillintermsofhislonelygloom.Lessinherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthroughteamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenweabsorbinformationinordertoteachittosomeoneelse,welearnitmoreaccuratelyanddeeply,perhapsinpartbecauseweareengagingoursocialcognition.

L)Andalthoughanxiousparentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnesstoacademicends."Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogressandcreativity,"wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistatUniversityCollegeLondon,inareviewpublishedlastyear.Yet,shenoted,manyyoungpeopleareespeciallyunwillingtotakerisksatschool—afraidthatonelowtestscoreorpoorgradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity.Weshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongasithappensintheclassroomandnotinthecar.

36.Itisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpickingupsociallyimportantinformation.

37.Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentsthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.

38.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.

39.Theurgeoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents'greaterattentiontosocialinteractions.

40.AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers'learning.

41.Teenagers'parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.

42.Activatingthebrain'ssocialnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.

43.Thepresenceofpeersintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteens'brains.

44.Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowithgreateraccuracyanddepth.

45.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheEbroDelta,inSpain,famousasabattlegroundduringtheSpanishCivilWar,isnowthesettingforadifferentcontest,onethatispittingricefarmersagainsttwoenemies:therice-eatinggiantapplesnail,andrisingsealevels.WhathappensherewillhaveabearingonthefutureofEuropeanriceproductionandtheoverallhealthofsouthernEuropeanwetlands.LocatedontheMediterraneanjusttwohourssouthofBarcelona,theEbroDeltaproduces120millionkilogramsofriceayear,makingitoneofthecontinent'smostimportantrice-growingareas.Astheseacreepsintothesefresh-watermarshes,however,risingsalinity(盐分)ishamperingriceproduction.Atthesametime,thissea-wateralsokillsoffthegreedygiantapplesnail,anintroducedpestthatfeedsonyoungriceplants.Themostpromisingstrategyhasbecometoharnessonefoeagainsttheother.Thebattleiscurrentlybeingwagedonland,ingreenhousesattheUniversityofBarcelona.Scientistsworkingunderthebanner"ProjectNeurice"areseekingvarietiesofricethatcanwithstandtheincreasingsalinitywithoutlosingtheabsorbencythatmakesEuropeanriceidealfortraditionalSpanishandItaliandishes."Theprojecthastwosides,"saysXavierSerrat,NeuriceprojectmanagerandresearcherattheUniversityofBarcelona,"theshort-termfightagainstthesnail,andamid-tolong-termfightagainstclimatechange.Butthesnailhasgiventheprojectgreaterurgency."OriginallyfromSouthAmerica,thesnailswereaccidentallyintroducedintotheEbroDeltabyGlobalAquaticTechnologies,acompanythatraisedthesnailsforfresh-wateraquariums(水族馆),butfailedtopreventtheirescape.Fornow,thegiantapplesnail'spresenceinEuropeislimitedtotheEbroDelta.Butthesnailcontinuesitsmarchtonewterritory,saysSerrat."Thequestionisnotwhetheritwillreachotherrice-growingareasofEurope,butwhen."Overthenextyearandahalfinvestigatorswilltestthevariousstrainsofsalt-tolerantricethey'vebred.In2018,farmerswillplantthevarietieswiththemostpromiseintheEbroDeltaandEurope'sothertwomainrice-growingregions—alongthePoinItaly,andFrance'sRhone.Aseasoninthefieldwillhelpdeterminewhich,ifany,ofthevarietiesarereadyforcommercialization.AsanEU-fundedeffort,thesearchforsalt-tolerantvarietiesofriceistakingplaceinallthreecountries.EachteamiscrossbreedingalocalEuropeanshort-grainricewithalong-grainAsianvarietythatcarriesthesalt-resistantgene.Thescientistsarebreedingsuccessivegenerationstoarriveatvarietiesthatincorporatesalttolerancebutretainabout97percentoftheEuropeanricegenome(基因组).

46.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSpanishCivilWaratthebeginningofthepassage?

A)IthadgreatimpactonthelifeofSpanishricefarmers.

B)ItisofgreatsignificanceintherecordsofSpanishhistory.

C)RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaarewagingabattleofsimilarimportance.

D)RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaareexperiencingashardatimeasinthewar.

47.Whatmaybethemosteffectivestrategyforricefarmerstoemployinfightingtheirenemies?

A)Strikingtheweakerenemyfirst.

B)Killingtwobirdswithonestone.

C)Eliminatingtheenemyonebyone.

D)Usingoneeviltocombattheother.

48.Whatdowelearnabout"ProjectNeurice"?

A)Itsgoalswillhavetoberealizedatacost.

B)ItaimstoincreasetheyieldofSpanishrice.

C)Itsimmediatepriorityistobringthepestundercontrol.

D)Ittriestokillthesnailswiththehelpofclimatechange.

49.WhatdoesNeuriceprojectmanagersayaboutthegiantapplesnail?

A)ItcansurviveonlyonsouthernEuropeanwetlands.

B)Itwillinvadeotherrice-growingregionsofEurope.

C)Itmultipliesataspeedbeyondhumanimagination.

D)Itwasintroducedintothericefieldsonpurpose.

50.WhatistheultimategoaloftheEU-fundedprogram?

A)Cultivatingidealsalt-resistantricevarieties.

B)IncreasingtheabsorbencyoftheSpanishrice.

C)IntroducingSpanishricetotherestofEurope.

D)Popularizingthericecrossbreedingtechnology.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Photographywasonceanexpensive,laboriousordealreservedforlife'sgreatestmilestones.Now,theonlyapparentcosttotakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasamealisthespaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion'spatience.Butisthereanothercost,adeepercost,todocumentingalifeexperienceinsteadofsimplyenjoyingit?"Youhearthatyoushouldn'ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit'sbadforyou,andwe'renotlivinginthepresentmoment,"saysKristinDiehl,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.Diehlandherfellowresearcherswantedtofindoutifthatwastrue,sotheyembarkedonaseriesofnineexperimentsinthelabandinthefieldtestingpeople'senjoymentinthepresenceorabsenceofacamera.Theresults,publishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,surprisedthem.Takingphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey'redoingmore,notless."Whatwefindisyouactuallylookattheworldslightlydifferently,becauseyou'relookingforthingsyouwanttocapture,thatyoumaywanttohangonto,"Diehlexplains."Thatgetspeoplemoreengagedintheexperience,andtheytendtoenjoyitmore."Takesightseeing.Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusforatourofPhiladelphia.Bothbustoursforbadetheuseofcellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeopletotakephotos.Thepeoplewhotookphotosenjoyedtheexperiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged,thanthosewhodidn't.Snappingaphotodirectsattention,whichheightensthepleasureyougetfromwhateveryou'relookingat,Diehlsays.Itworksforthingsasboringasarchaeological(考古的)museums,wherepeopleweregiveneye-trackingglassesandinstructedeithertotakephotosornot."Peoplelooklongeratthingstheywanttophotograph,"Diehlsays.Theyreportlikingtheexhibitsmore,too.TothereliefofInstagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere,itcanevenmakemealsmoreenjoyable.Whenpeoplewereencouragedtotakeatleastthreephotoswhiletheyatelunch,theyweremoreimmersedintheirmealsthanthosewhoweren'ttoldtotakephotos.Wasitthesatisfyingclickofthecamera?Thephysicalactofthesnap?No,theyfound;justtheactofplanningtotakeaphoto—andnotactuallytakingit—hadthesamejoy-boostingeffect."Ifyouwanttotakementalphotos,thatworksthesameway,"Diehlsays."Thinkingaboutwhatyouwouldwanttophotographalsogetsyoumoreengaged."

51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutphoto-takinginthepast?

A)Itwasapainstakingeffortforrecordinglife'smajorevents.

B)Itwasaluxurythatonlyafewwealthypeoplecouldenjoy.

C)Itwasagoodwaytopreserveone'spreciousimages.

D)Itwasaskillthatrequiredlotsofpracticetomaster.

52.KristinDiehlconductedaseriesofexperimentsonphoto-takingtofindout_______.

A)whatkindofpleasureitwouldactuallybringtophoto-takers

B)whetherpeopleenjoyeditwhentheydidsightseeing

C)howitcouldhelptoenrichpeople'slifeexperiences

D)whetheritpreventedpeopleenjoyingwhattheyweredoing

53.WhatdotheresultsofDiehl'sexperimentsshowaboutpeopletakingpictures?

A)Theyaredistractedfromwhattheyaredoing.

B)Theycanbetterrememberwhattheyseeordo.

C)Theya