湖南省衡阳市耒阳市正源学校高一上学期1月期末英语试题

正源学校准高一期末考试英语试卷Ａ时间：120分钟满分：150分一、听力部分(本大题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分)第一部分：听对话回答问题。1.Whatdoesthegirlsee?A.B.C.2.WhatisPeter’sanimalsign?A.B.C.3.Inwhichcountrywillthewomanenjoyherholiday?A.B.C.4.WhatdoesJohn’sparentswanthimtobe?A.B.C.5.Whendidtheconcertbegin?A.At8:10.B.At7:15.C.At7:30.6.WhatisMissGreenlike?A.Creative.B.Active.C.Organized.7.WhopreferswatchingTVtosleepingonrainydays?A.Thegirl.B.Tom.C.Neitherofthem.8.Wheredidthedialoguemostlikelyhappen?A.Inthelibrary.B.Athome.C.Attheteachers’office.9.Whendidthedialoguemostprobablytakeplace?A.Inwinter.B.Inautumn.C.Inspring.10.Whydosometeenagersfeelstressed?A.Theyhavetoomanyexams.B.Theyhavetoomuchhomeworktodo.C.Theydon’tknowhowtomakefriendswithothers.第二部分：听对话和短文答题。听一段对话，回答第1112小题。11.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Goingboating.B.Goinghiking.C.Climbingthemountain.12.Whatdoestheboyadvisethegirltodo?A.Totakemoreexercise.B.Tohaveagoodrest.C.Tostayathome.听第一篇短文，完成第1315小题。请根据短文内容，选择正确答案，完成信息记录表。Towhomyougowhenyouareintrouble50%ofthestudentsgototheir1314ofthestudentsaskteachersorparentsforhelpotherstudentssolvetheproblems1513.A.classmatesorfriendsB.teachersorparentsC.classmatesorteachers14.A.40%B.30%C.20%15.A.withtheirclassmatesB.withtheironlinefriendsC.bythemselves听第二篇短文，回答第1620小题。16.WheredidMr.andMrs.Blackgoyesterdayevening?A.Tothecinema.B.Tothesupermarket.C.Totherestaurant.17.Howoldwastheirson?A.Twomonthsold.B.Eightmonthsold.C.Tenmonthsold.18.Whostoppedthemwhentheywalkedin?A.Apoliceman.B.Anofficeworker.C.Ashopkeeper.19.Whatdidtheythinkofthemovie?A.Interesting.B.Relaxing.C.Boring.20.Whydidtheywanttolettheirsoncry?A.Togetalltheirmoneyback.B.Tomakehimseethemovie.C.Togivehimsomethingtoeat.二、单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)1.Wildis______onehourdocumentaryonCCTV.Ihaveneverseensuch________excitingprogramme.A.a;an B.an;a C.a;a D.an;an【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：Wild是中央电视台一部一小时的纪录片。我从来没有看过这么激动人心的节目。documentary是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，onehour是辅音音素开头，因此第一空用不定冠词a；programme是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，exciting是元音音素开头，因此第二空用不定冠词an，故选A。2.Suzhouisveryfamous_____theChinesestylegardens.Theyareall_____theChinesestyle.A.as;in B.for;in C.in;in D.by;of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：苏州以中国式园林而闻名。它们都是中国风格的。分析句子可知，第一空考查befamousfor表“因……而出名”，为固定搭配；第二空考查in...style表“别具……风格”，为固定搭配。故选B项。3.Ican’thear_____youweresaying_____thenoise.A.how;becauseof B.whether;because C.that;though D.what;becauseof【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句和介词短语。句意：由于噪音，我听不清你在说什么。分析句子以及结合选项可知，第一空考查宾语从句，且从句中缺宾语，这里表示说“什么”，所以应用连接代词what；第二空后面为名词，所以此空应用介词短语becauseof。故选D项。4.—Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.A.that;moretouched B.what;lesstouching C.that;moretouching D.which;lesstouched【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和形容词比较级。句意：——你喜欢《长津湖之战》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人。第一空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词movie是电影，因此第一空用关系代词that/which，第二空用形容词作表语，主语movie是电影，用ing结尾的形容词touching修饰，意为“感人的”，此处是否定词no和比较级连用表最高级，意为“我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人”，因此空格处是“更感人的”，是moretouching，故选C。5.—Theyhavelittletimetodoafterschoolactivities,________?—__________.Theyareallbusypreparingfortheexam.A.dothey;Yes B.dothey;No C.don’tthey;Yes D.don’tthey;No【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查反义疑问句及回答。句意：——他们几乎没有时间做课外活动，是吗?——对。他们都忙着准备考试。分析句子结构可知，第一空为反义疑问句，陈述部分为否定意义，所以反问部分应使用肯定形式，主语是they，且为一般现在时，所以第一空应为dothey；第二空为答语，根据下文中的“Theyareallbusypreparingfortheexam.”可知，此处指的是“他们忙着考试”，由此可知，此处的回答应是对上文的肯定，因上文为否定意义，所以此处应使用否定词“No”表示“对的”。故选B项。6.Thisredbicycle________beLinda’s,becausesheridesittoschooleveryday.A.can B.would C.must D.might【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：这辆红色自行车一定是琳达的，因为她每天都骑着它上学。由becausesheridesittoschooleveryday以及句意可知，这里表示肯定推测，所以应用must。故选C项。7.GuanDongsavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver._____greatcourageheshowed!A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查感叹句。句意：官东从长江里救了一位老太太。他表现出多么大的勇气啊！结合选项可知，句子为感叹句，空后为名词短语greatcourage，且courage是不可数名词，因此应用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”的结构。故选B。8.—IhopeIcantakepartinthegameshowWhoisStillStandingandwinsomething.—Stopdaydreaming.Youwillwinnothing________youspendafewmonthspreparingforit.A.since B.unless C.if D.because【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：——我希望我能参加游戏节目《一站到底》并赢得一些东西。——停止做白日梦。除非你花几个月的时间准备，否则你什么也赢不了。A.since既然；B.unless除非；C.if如果；D.because因为。此处为条件状语从句，表示“除非”应用unless。故选B。9.—HowdoesyourmotherlikeyourpresentsforMother’sDay?—Well,thissweaterthatoneisfitforher.They’retoobig.A.both;and B.either;orC.neither;nor D.notonly;butalso【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：－你妈妈觉得你的母亲节礼物怎样？－哦，这件毛衣和那一件都不适合她，太大了。A.both;and……和……两者都；B.either;or或者……或者……；C.neither;nor……既不……也不；D.notonly;butalso……不但，……而且。由后句：它们太大了，可以推测出两件都不适合她，故选C。考点：考查连词辨析。10.Whyis_______leaderlikehimsupportedby________fewworkers?A.suchanhonest;so B.sohonestan;suchC.suchahonest;so D.sohonesta;such【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：为什么像他这样诚实的领导只有那么几个工人支持？such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词，意为“如此……的……”，honest是元音音素开头，前面用an，因此C选项错误；leader是辅音音素开头，因此B选项错误；“sofew+名词”意为“如此少的……”，因此第二空是so，故选A。11.—HowdidyoufeelwhenDanielscoredawinninggoalandhelpedyourteamwin?—Ifelt__________.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes.A.scared B.worried C.amazed D.mad【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——当丹尼尔打进致胜一球并帮助你的球队获胜时，你有什么感觉？——我感到惊奇。简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。A.scared害怕的；B.worried担心的；C.amazed惊奇的；D.mad生气的。根据后文“Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes.”可知是感到惊奇。故选C。12.–I’mwondering_________atalowprice.YoucanbookonethroughourofficialAPP.A.howIcanbuytheairticket B.howcanIbuytheairticketC.whenIcanbuytheairticket D.whencanIbuytheairticket【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句连词和语序。句意：——我想知道怎样才能买到便宜的机票。——您可以通过我们的官方APP预订。空格处是宾语从句，宾语从句中用陈述句语序，B和D是疑问句语序，因此排除；由“YoucanbookonethroughourofficialAPP”可知，第一个人问的是怎么才能买到便宜的票，“怎么”是how，故选A。13.Warsaredisasters.Alargenumberofpeoplewilllosetheirhomesifawar_________.A.breaksout B.isbrokenout C.breaksup D.isbrokenup【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析和谓语动词。句意：战争是灾难。如果战争爆发，许多人将失去家园。A.breaksout爆发（主动）；B.isbrokenout（错误形式，“爆发”无被动）C.breaksup解散，分手；D.isbrokenup解散（被动）。分析句子结构可知，此处应为从句的谓语动词，主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句应使用一般现在时表示将来，所以此处使用一般现在时，且breakout无被动，与主语为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故选A项14.Hiswatchisbroken,hewantstohaveit________.A.repairing B.repaired C.torepair D.toberepaired【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的表坏了，他想请人修理。此处为have+宾语+宾补结构，且it与repair构成被动关系，故为过去分词作宾补。故选B。15.—I’msurethatIcanefirstintheEnglishexam.—________Howcanyoumakeitwithoutefforts?A.Believeitornot. B.Whatapity!CYoubet! D.Inyourdreams!【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我确信我能在英语考试中获得第一名。——做梦吧！不努力怎么能成功呢？A.Believeitornot.信不信由你；B.Whatapity!真可惜！C.Youbet!当然！D.Inyourdreams!休想！做梦！根据后文“Howcanyoumakeitwithoutefforts?”可知是说对方考第一是做梦，需要付出努力。故选D。三、阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。AEARTHDAYPOSTERCONTEST(比赛)THEME:PROTECTOUREARTHCreateaposterthatwillencouragepeopletotakecareoftheearth.Time:Theclosingdateforentries(参赛作品)isMay31stRequirements:•Thepostersize:26cm×37cm•Thepostershouldbeoriginal(原创的).•Onestudentcanonlyhandinoneposter.•Writeadescriptionofyourworkonthebackofyourposter.•Writeyourname,phonenumber,school’sname,gradeandteacher’snameonthebackofyourposterinthelowerrightcorner.Therewillbefouragegroups:gradesK2,36,79,and1012.Foreachagegroup,therewillbeonefirstprize,twosecondprizesandthreethirdprizes.Formoreinformation,pleasecallMr.Leeat0913xxx.16.What’sthepurposeofthepostercontest?A.Toencouragestudents’creativity. B.Totellpeopletoprotecttheearth.C.Toimprovestudents’artisticlevel. D.TointroducesomethingaboutEarthDay.17.Anyonewhotakespartinthecontestmust________.A.notcopyothers’works B.handinatleasttwopostersC.makesurethepostersizeis27cm×36cm D.writeadescriptionoftheirworkonapieceofpaper18.Whichofthefollowinginformationisrequired?①Theteacher’sname.②Thestudent’sgrade.③Theteacher’sphonenumber.④Thestudent’sschool’sname.A.①②③ B.①③④ C.①②④ D.②③④【答案】16.B17.A18.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是地球日海报比赛的相关情况。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据文中的“Createaposterthatwillencouragepeopletotakecareoftheearth.(制作一张海报，鼓励人们爱护地球。)”可知，海报比赛的目的是告诉人们要保护地球。故选B。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据Requirements:部分的“Thepostershouldbeoriginal(原创的).(海报必须是原创的。)”可知，任何参加比赛的人必须不要抄袭别人的作品。故选A。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据Requirements:部分的“Writeyourname,phonenumber,school’sname,gradeandteacher’snameonthebackofyourposterinthelowerrightcorner.(在海报背面右下角写上你的名字、号码、学校名称、年级和老师的名字。)”可知，老师的名字，学生的年级和学校的名称都是必须的，故选C。BItwasafortablesunnySunday.IwasgoingtomeetanolduniversityfriendIhadn’tseenforyears,andwasreallyexcited.Mytrainwasrunningalittlelate,butthatwasnobigproblem—IcouldtexthimtosayIwouldbedelayed.Hewouldunderstand.But…wherewasmymobilephone?Ihadthatfamiliarsinkingfeeling.Yes,I’dleftitathome.Nomobilephone.I’msureI’mnotaloneinfeelinganxious,onedgeandworriedwhenIdon’thavemyphonewithme.Infact,IknowI’mnotalone:two－thirdsofusexperience“nomophobia(无恐惧症)”，thefearofbeingoutofmobilephonecontact.That’saccordingtoastudyfrom2012whichsurveyed1，000peopleintheUKabouttheirrelationshipwithmobilephones.Itsayswecheckourmobilephones34timesaday,andthat18—24－year－olds,especiallygirls,arethemostlikelytosufferfearofbeingwithouttheirmobiles:77%ofthemsaytheyareunabletobeapartfromtheirphonesformorethanafewminutes.Doyouhavenomophobia?●Youneverturnyourphoneoff.●Youfrequentlycheckfortexts,missedcallsandemails.●Youalwaystakeyourphonetothebathroomwithyou.●Youneverletthebatteryrunout.It’sfunnytothinkthataround20yearsagotheonlypeoplewithmobilephoneswouldbebusinessmencarryingtheirlarge,plastic“bricks”.Ofcourse,thesedays,mobilephonesareeverywhere.AUNstudyfromthisyearsaidtherewouldbemoremobilephonesthanpeopleacrosstheworldbytheendof2020.Andwhentherearemorephonesthanpeopleintheworld,maybeit’stimetoaskwhoreallyisincharge?Areyouincontrolofyourphone,ordoesyourphonecontrolyou?So,whathappenedwithmyuniversityfriend?WhenIarrivedafewminuteslatehejustlaughedandsaid:“Youhaven’tchangedatall—stillalwayslate!”Andwehadagreatafternooncatchingup,fullofjokesandstories,withnodesiretocheckmyphone.Nothavingitwithmefeltstrangelyfree.MaybeI’llleaveitathomeonpurposenexttime.19.Theunderlinedphrase“onedge”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A.energetic B.nervous C.brilliant D.amazed20.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsusingmobiles?A.Worried. B.Positive. C.Neutral(中立的). D.Negative.21.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobeaddictedto(对……上瘾)mobiles?A.Asuccessfulmanager. B.A21－year－oldgirl.C.A21－year－oldboy. D.Alonelymiddle－agedperson.22.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.Thehistoryofmobilephones.B.Thestoryofmeetinganolduniversityfriend.C.Theattractionofplayingmobilephone.D.Theterriblefeelingofbeingwithouttheirmobiles.【答案】19.B20.A21.B22.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去看望大学同学时，无意中把落在了家里，让他非常恐惧，由此引出了文章讨论的话题：nomophobia(无恐惧症)，讲了这种恐惧症的症状和作者对此的担忧。【19题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“feelinganxious(感到焦虑)”和“worried(担心的)”可知，不在身边的时候，很多人会非常紧张和担忧。短语“onedge”与“worried”是并列关系，表示相近的含义，worried的意思是“担心的”，因此onedge的意思是“担心的”，和nervous意思相近。故选B。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Andwhentherearemorephonesthanpeopleintheworld,maybeit’stimetoaskwhoreallyisincharge?Areyouincontrolofyourphone,ordoesyourphonecontrolyou?(当世界上的数量超过人口数量时，也许是时候问一下谁才是真正的掌权者了？是你在控制你的，还是你的在控制你？)”可知，作者很担心当的数量超过人类的数量时，究竟是谁来控制谁，说明作者对使用是非常担心的。故选A。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Itsayswecheckourmobilephones34timesaday,andthat18—24－year－olds,especiallygirls,arethemostlikelytosufferfearofbeingwithouttheirmobiles:77%ofthemsaytheyareunabletobeapartfromtheirphonesformorethanafewminutes.(报告称，我们每天查看34次，而1824岁的人，尤其是女孩，最有可能因为没有而感到恐惧：77%的人表示，他们无法离开超过几分钟。)”可知，18—24岁的女孩子和的联系最紧密，她们最可能患上“无恐惧症”，因此最可能对上瘾的是一个21岁的女孩。故选B。【22题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Nomobilephone.I’msureI’mnotaloneinfeelinganxious,onedgeandworriedwhenIdon’thavemyphonewithme.Infact,IknowI’mnotalone:two－thirdsofusexperience“nomophobia(无恐惧症)”，thefearofbeingoutofmobilephonecontact.(没有。我相信我不是唯一一个在没有的时候感到焦虑、紧张和担心的人。事实上，我知道我并不孤单：我们中有三分之二的人都有“无恐惧症”，即害怕没有联系。)”可知，本文主要讲的是无恐惧症，因此主旨是D选项“Theterriblefeelingofbeingwithouttheirmobiles.(没有的可怕感觉。)”。故选D。CSomanythingscankeepyoufromseeingyourlovedonesinperson,frombusyschedulestolongdistancestoaratherunexpectedCOVID－19virus.Fortunately,thankstomoderntechnology,thepeoplewemissareoftenonlyaphonecallortextmessageaway.Butifyou’resomeonewhopreferstotypeoutmessages,youmaywanttoreconsider.Anewstudy,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,foundthatmunicationthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialrelationshipsthanmunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstomeasurerelationships.Inone,theyasked200peoplewhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenaskedthemtodooneortheother.Althoughpeopleanticipatedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.“Peoplereportedtheydidformastrongerrelationshipwiththeiroldfriendonthephoneparedwithemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward,”saidAmitKumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingattheMcbsSchoolofBusiness.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangersconnectedbyeithertexting,talkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicemunication—whethervideooraudioonly—madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheymunicatedbytext.SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvardpsychologist,says,“Peopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,astheyseeitasacontrolledformofmunicationwheretheycanmunicateinformationexactlyinthewaytheywantwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson.”Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.“Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheneteffectsofthemessage,”sheexplains.“Eachpartyismorepresent,andtherefore,abletounderstandthemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutthinkingabouttheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwords.”23.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Byparing. B.Byreasoning. C.Byimagining. D.Bydiscussing.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipated”inParagraph2mean?A.Ensured. B.Refused. C.Expected. D.Disagreed.25.Peopleprefertotextratherthancallbecausetheythink________．A.textingmakesthemfeelmoreconnectedB.theyfeelawkwardwhenmakingaphonecallC.textinghelpsmunicatetheirinformationexactlyD.callinghelpsdeterminethetruemeaningbehindtheconversation26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Textingdoesharmtosocialrelationships.B.Voicemunicationbringspeoplecloser.C.Aphonecalldoesmoregoodthanatextmessage.D.Peoplepreferatextmessageratherthanaphonecall.【答案】23.A24.C25.C26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的研究发现如果想和交谈的人感觉更亲近，应该给他们打电而不是发短信。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Peoplereportedtheydidformastrongerrelationshipwiththeiroldfriendonthephoneparedwithemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward,”saidAmitKumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingattheMcbsSchoolofBusiness.(麦库姆斯商学院(McbsSchoolofBusiness)市场营销学助理教授阿米特·库马尔(AmitKumar)说：“人们报告说，与发邮件相比，他们确实通过与老朋友建立了更牢固的关系，而且他们并不觉得更尴尬。”)”可知，人们报告说，与发邮件相比，通过和老朋友建立了更牢固的关系，根据第四段中的“Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangersconnectedbyeithertexting,talkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicemunication—whethervideooraudioonly—madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheymunicatedbytext.(在另一项实验中，研究人员让陌生人通过发短信、视频聊天或只使用音频聊天来联系。他们发现，两种形式的语音交流——无论是视频还是音频——都比文字交流更能让陌生人感觉到彼此之间的联系。)”可知，在另外一项实验中发现，两种形式的语音交流都比文字交流更让陌生人感觉到彼此之间的联系，由此可知，研究人员是通过对比的方式开展研究的。故选A项。【24题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的although可知，主从句之间为转折关系，结合划线单词后的“hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.(听到别人的声音实际上让体验变得更好。)”可知，听到别人的声音实际上会让通话感觉更好，划线单词后的宾语从句“thataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward(打会更尴尬)”可知，前后应为对比关系，即人们想的和真实情况并不相同，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“预计、认为”的意思相似。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvardpsychologist,says,“Peopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,astheyseeitasacontrolledformofmunicationwheretheycanmunicateinformationexactlyinthewaytheywantwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson.”(哈佛大学心理学家萨布丽娜·罗曼诺夫(SabrinaRomanoff)说：“人们倾向于发短信或发电子邮件，而不是打，因为方便，因为他们认为这是一种可控的交流方式，他们可以以自己想要的方式准确地交流信息，而不会被对方意想不到的添加。”)”可知，人们更倾向于使用文本来进行交流的原因是他们认为这样可以帮助他们更好、更确切地传递信息。故选C项。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Anewstudy,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,foundthatmunicationthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialrelationshipsthanmunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》(JournalofExperimentalPsychology)上的一项新研究发现，包括或视频聊天在内的语音交流，比短信或电子邮件等打字交流，能建立更牢固的社会关系。)”以及下文中的对相关研究试验的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了科学研究发现，通过现代科技用语音进行交流的交流方式更能够促进形成牢固的社会关系。故选B项。DGuiHaichao,the36yearoldfromYunnanprovincehasbeethefirstChineseciviliantoflyinspace.FifteenyearsagoGuiwasaseniorattheSchoolofAstronautics(航天)underBeihangUniversity,formerlyknownastheBeijingUniversityofAeronautics(航空)andAstronautics,majoringinspacecraftdesignandengineering.“In2008,Iwasstillauniversitystudent.Iwatchedthelivebroadcastofournation’sfirstspacewalkthatwascarriedoutbyJingHaipeng,”hesaidduringarecentinterview.“Ijustcouldn’tevenimagineatthattimethatIwouldbeeamemberofhisandtrainandliveinthesameplace.Andnowwewillflytogethertothespacestation,”saidGui,nowaprofessoranddoctoralsupervisor(博士生导师)atBeihangUniversity.Inthesummerof2014Guigraduatedwithadoctor’sdegreeinspacecraftdesign.In2016,Guitookaresearchonthetechnologyforspacecraftmovement.HereturnedtoBeihangin2017toteachasanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofAstronautics.In2018,GuiwastoldthatChina’smannedspaceauthoritieshaddecidedtoselectastronauts,includingthefirstspaceflightengineers.“Ihavebeenafanofspaceexplorationformanyyearsandsometimesdreamedaboutdoingmyresearchinspace,soIwasexcitedhearingthisnewsandimmediatelycametotheschool’sadministrativeofficetofillintheapplicationform,”Guisaid.Afterseveralphysicalchecksandprofessionaltests,GuistartedtrainingattheAstronautCenterofChina.ThephysicaltrainingattheastronautcenterwasahugechallengetoGui.Buthedidn’tgiveupandmanagedtopassalltests.Thankstohisperseverance(坚持),GuimadegreatprogressandwaschosenfortheShenzhouXVImission.Duringtheflight,Guiwillberesponsibleforscienceequipment.Hesaidhefeelsluckytobeethefirstciviliantoflyinspace.27.What’smeaningoftheunderlinedword“civilian”inParagraph1?A.astronaut B.scientistC.afanofspaceexploration D.monpeople28.Whichofthefollowingisnecessarytobeacivilianastronaut?a.GraduatingfromBeihangUniversityb.Spreadingthenewsc.Fillingintheapplicationformd.Havingphysicalchecksandtraininge.PassingallthetestsA.abc B.bcd C.cde D.ade29.FromParagraph6,whatmakesGuisuccessful?A.Hischecks. B.Histests.C.Hisperseverance. D.Hisresponsibility.30.InParagraph4,Gui’sexperienceisintroducedby__________.A.timeorder B.spaceorderC.generaltospecific D.specifictogeneral【答案】27.D28.C29.C30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是桂海潮的生平和主要成就。【27题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“GuiHaichao,the36yearoldfromYunnanprovincehasbeethefirstChinese(来自云南的36岁的桂海潮成为了第一个中国人)”和“flyinspace(在太空中飞行)”及客观事实可知，桂海潮是中国首位进入太空的平民，划线词civilian的意思是“平民”，和monpeople意思相近，故选D。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ihavebeenafanofspaceexplorationformanyyearsandsometimesdreamedaboutdoingmyresearchinspace,soIwasexcitedhearingthisnewsandimmediatelycametotheschool’sadministrativeofficetofillintheapplicationform(多年来我一直是太空探索的粉丝，有时梦想着在太空进行研究，所以听到这个消息我很兴奋，立即来到学校的行政办公室填写申请表)”和最后一段“Afterseveralphysicalchecksandprofessionaltests,GuistartedtrainingattheAstronautCenterofChina.ThephysicaltrainingattheastronautcenterwasahugechallengetoGui.Buthedidn’tgiveupandmanagedtopassalltests.(经过几次身体检查和专业测试，桂开始在中国航天员中心接受训练。在航天员中心的体能训练对桂来说是一个巨大的挑战。但他没有放弃，并设法通过了所有的考试。)”可知，成为一名平民宇航员所必需的是填写申请表，进行身体检查和训练和通过所有测试，故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Thankstohisperseverance(坚持),GuimadegreatprogressandwaschosenfortheShenzhouXVImission.(由于他的坚持不懈，桂取得了很大的进步，并被选中执行神舟十六号任务。)”可知，让桂成功的是他的毅力，故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inthesummerof2014,Guigraduatedwithadoctor’sdegreeinspacecraftdesign.In2016,Guitookaresearchonthetechnologyforspacecraftmovement.HereturnedtoBeihangin2017toteachasanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofAstronautics.In2018,GuiwastoldthatChina’smannedspaceauthoritieshaddecidedtoselectastronauts,includingthefirstspaceflightengineers.(2014年夏天，他毕业于航天器设计专业，获得博士学位。2016年，他参与了航天器运动技术的研究。2017年，他回到北航，在航天学院担任副教授。2018年，桂被告知，中国载人航天当局已决定选拔宇航员，包括首批航天工程师。)”可知，在第4段中，桂的经历是按时间顺序介绍的，故选A。七选五HEYboys,attentionplease!IfyouwanttogototheUS,you’dbetterbefullyprepared,because,well,youandtheboysintheUSareabitdifferent.___31___Firstly,knowhowtoknotatie.IntheUS,everyboyaboveschoolagewearssuitswhentheygotoweddings.____32____Doyouknowhowtoknotatie?Ifyoudon’t,learnhowrightnow!Secondly,beagentleman.IknowinChinasomeboysarestillproudofbeingstrong.ButintheUS,agoodmanshouldalsobepolite.___33___Thelastistolearnsomethingaboutfootballandbaseball.Chineseboyslikepingpong,basketballandsoccer,butAmericanboyslovefootballandbaseball.Theygetveryhappywhentheyplayandwatchthesesports.____34____Butinordertowatchthesportswithotherboys,atleastlearningsomeruleswouldhelp.___35___Wesometimesneedtoknowtheimportanceofanotherculture,butdon’tfeelyouhavetoknowthatifitmakesyouunfortable.Havefunalongtheway!A.ManyboysarefansoffootballorbaseballinAmerica.B.Inmyopinion,you’dbettertrytodothefollowingthings.C.Thestrongeryouare,themorehighlypeoplewillthinkofyou.D.MyfriendMadisonfromVirginiasaiditshowsrespecttoothers.E.However,allthisdoesn’tmeanthattheAmericanwayisalwaystherightway.F.It’snotnecessarytobeafanoffootballorfixyourTVchanneltobaseballgames.G.Herearetwoexamples:holdingthedoorforpeoplebehindyouandgivingtheseatonabustooldpeople.【答案】31.B32.D33.G34.F35.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。因为和美国的男孩有点不同，所以如果你想去美国，你最好做好充分的准备。文章主要列举了一些去美国前需要做的事情。【31题详解】根据上文“HEYboys,attentionplease!IfyouwanttogototheUS,you’dbetterbefullyprepared,because,well,youandtheboysintheUSareabitdifferent.(嘿，男孩们，请注意！如果你想去美国，你最好做好充分的准备，因为，嗯，你和美国的男孩有点不同)”结合后文提到了一些去美国前需要做的事情，故B选项“在我看来，你最好试着做以下几件事”符合语境，故选B。【32题详解】根据上文“Firstly,knowhowtoknotatie.IntheUS,everyboyaboveschoolagewearssuitswhentheygotoweddings.(首先，知道如何打领带。在美国，每个超过学龄的男孩去参加婚礼时都穿西装)”可知，上文提到了男孩去参加婚礼时穿西装的习俗，可推知本句应承接上文说明这么做的原因是：表明对他人的尊重。故D选项“我来自弗吉尼亚的朋友麦迪逊说这是对他人的尊重。”符合语境，故选D。【33题详解】根据上文“Secondly,beagentleman.IknowinChinasomeboysarestillproudofbeingstrong.ButintheUS,agoodmanshouldalsobepolite.(第二，做一个绅士。我知道在中国一些男孩仍然为自己的强壮感到骄傲。但在美国，一个好男人也应该有礼貌)”可知，本段主要是关于做一个绅士的问题，且本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文，举例说明做绅士的例子。故G选项“这里有两个例子：为你身后的人扶门和在公共汽车上给老人让座”符合语境，故选G。【34题详解】根据上文“Chineseboyslikepingpong,basketballandsoccer,butAmericanboyslovefootballandbaseball.Theygetveryhappywhentheyplayandwatchthesesports.(中国男孩喜欢乒乓球、篮球和足球，但美国男孩喜欢足球和棒球。当他们玩和观看这些运动时，他们非常高兴)”以及后文“Butinordertowatchthesportswithotherboys,atleastlearningsomeruleswouldhelp.(但是为了和其他男孩一起看比赛，至少学习一些规则会有帮助)”可知，上文提到了美国男孩对足球和棒球的喜爱，而下文用but进行转折，可推知本句旨在说明中国男孩不要为了让自己对足球和棒球感兴趣而成为球迷或终日观看这些比赛，且F选项中afanoffootball可对应上文中lovefootball。故F选项“没有必要成为一个足球迷或者把你的电视频道固定在棒球比赛上”符合语境，故选F。【35题详解】根据后文“Wesometimesneedtoknowtheimportanceofanotherculture,butdon’tfeelyouhavetoknowthatifitmakesyouunfortable.(我们有时需要了解另一种文化的重要性，但如果它让你感到不舒服，你就不必了解了)”结合上文提到的是一些去美国需要做的事情，可推知本句与上文形成转折，说明美国的方式也不一定总是正确的，如果其中的文化让人感觉不舒服，就不必去了解了。故E选项“然而，所有这一切并不意味着美国的方式总是正确的方式”符合语境，故选E。四、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)阅读短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。“Dad,youdorememberthatyoupromisedtoetomyclasstomorrow,right?”JennyaskedDadbeforeshewenttobed.“Iremember,___36___IamnotsureifIcanbethere,”saidDad.“Itmightbeaverybusydaytomorrow.”“ButDad,ourteacherhasaskedallthestudentstoinviteoneoftheir___37___toeandtellusaboutthejobsthattheydo.Thatwaywecangeta(n)___38___ofwhatwemightliketodosomeday.Tomorrowisthedaythatwassetaside(留出)foryou.Someofthekids’parents___39___cameinthepastweeks.Ireallyhopeyoucanetoo,“saidJennyeagerly(渴求地).”Iwilltrymybest,butIjustwantedtoletyou___40___thatImaynotbeabletomakeit,“saidDad.ThenextdayJenny___41___nervouslyinherseat.Shewas___42___herfatherwouldnotetoherclass.Itseemedasiftheclockstoodstill.___43___,thewaitwasoverandtheteacherstoodupfromherdesk.“Okay,class.Wehaveaveryspecial___44___forParentJobDaytoday,”theteachersaid.Thenshe___45___theclassroomandbroughtinacart(手推车)thatwascoveredwithacloth(布).Everyonetriedtosee___46___wasunderthecloth.Justthen,Jenny’sdadwalkedin.“Hi,boysandgirls.IamJenny’sfather,andIamabaker(面包师).IhavebroughtsomethingthatI___47___justforyou.YoumayeachhaveoneofthecupcakesthatImade.Theyarespecialbecausetheyaresugarfree.Hopeyoulike___48___,”Jenny’sdadsmiled.“Eve