河南省商丘地区重点高中联考2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省商丘地区重点高中联考2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第I卷(选择题)一、阅读理解：本大题共16小题，共38分。ALately,an86.6-metre-tallmass-timber(拼接木材)towerinMilwaukee,WisconsindesignedbyKorb+AssociatesArchitects,hasbeencertifiedastheworld’stallesttimberbuilding.Locatedinaneighbourhoodnearthelakefront,the25-storeytowerismadealmostentirelyfromtimberexceptforthebase,elevatorsandstairshafts(竖井).Thestructuretookonlytwoyearstobuild.Ithasaconcrete-framedpodium(基座)atthebasethatissixstoreystallandthe19-storeytimbertowerrisesfromthepodium.Thecorecontainingtheelevatorshaftandstaircaseismadeofconcretetohelpthebuildingdealwithwindandearthquakes,aswellasforfiresafetyreasons.“Ourcoresareconcrete,”Korb+AssociatesArchitectsfounderJasonKorbsaid.ThorntonTomasettiassociateAlejandroFernandez,whoworkedontheproject,saidthatthecityrequiredathree-hourfireratingforthecolumns,sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez,addingthatthefloorplateshadatwo-hourrating,meaningthecomponentscanburnfortwohourswithoutlosingstructuralintegrity.Becauseofrequirementspreventingexternalwoodexposureandthedeveloper’sdesiretocapturethelakeviews,theoutsideofthestructureismadealmostentirelyofglassandmetalpanelling.BothKorbandFernandezagreedthatmanyofthedriversbehindtheprojectwereeconomic—fromtherealestateperspectiveofthefaçade(建筑物正面)tothecostrestrictionsofthetimber.MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.Economicbenefitswereincreasedbylabourusageoftheproject.Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.Andmid-risedevelopmentslikethesethat“attractpeopletotheurbancore”area“good”thing,Korbadded.1.Whatcanweknowaboutthebuilding?A.Itisabout19-storeytall.B.Itscoresaremadeoftimber.C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld. D.Itcanstandthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns.2.Whereisthewoodusedforconstructionfrom?A.Austria. B.NorthAmerica.C.TheWisconsinstate. D.TheForestProductsLaboratory.3.WhatdoesKorbthinkoftheproject?A.Itistime-saving. B.Itisdifficultandcostly.C.Itisenvironment-friendly. D.Itisenergy-consuming.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Moredeveloperswillchoosetimbertobuildtallbuildings.B.Thetimbertowerisagoodexampleofinnovativestructure.C.Mid-risedevelopmentswillbecomemoreandmorepopular.D.Innovativestructuresfromtimberwillneedmoreimprovements.——★参考答案★——1.D2.A3.A4.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近年来欧美国家出现了一些用拼接木材建造的高楼，其中一栋去年完工的大楼是目前全世界最高的木制建筑。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez”（因此该团队与森林产品实验室合作，优化这些柱子，以满足这一标准。费尔南德斯说：“我们认为这是对柱子进行的第一次三小时的防火测试。”）可知，关于这栋楼我们知道它的柱子可以经受三个小时的防火测试。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.”（大部分木材来自奥地利，因为从北美制造商那里采购高质量的木材成本太高。）可知，建筑用的木材来自奥地利。故选A项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.”（Korb估计，该项目使用了混凝土结构所需的25%的现场劳动力，并在大约一半的时间内完成。）可推知，Korb认为这个项目很省时。故选A项。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.”（Fernandez和Korb都认为，这座塔将为那些寻求用木材创造创新结构的开发商提供进一步的概念证明。）可推知，木塔是创新结构的一个很好的例子。故选B项。BCyberspace(网络空间)isconstantlydevelopingandpresentingnewopportunities,asthedesireofbusinessestoquicklyadoptnewtechnologies,suchasusingtheInternettoopennewchannelsandadoptingcloudservices,providesvastopportunity.But,italsobringsunexpectedrisksandunintendedconsequencesthatcanhaveapotentiallynegativeeffect.Hardlyadaygoesbywithoutnewsofanewcyberthreat.Unfortunately,businessestendtomisjudgehowmuchrisktheyfacefromcybercrimesandhowquicklythisriskcandevelop.Forthem,thecommercial,reputationalandfinancialrisksthatgowithcyberspacepresencearerealandgrowingeveryday.Soallbusinessesneedtodonowisestablishcybersecuritywithintheirorganization,right?Establishingcybersecurityaloneisnotenough.Nowadays,itisnotverydifficultforattackerstobreaksecurityandstoptheoverallbusinesssystem.Preventivemeasuresarenotenoughtostopthem.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,hackers(黑客)havebeenchanginganddeveloping.Sobusinessriskmanagementshouldincluderiskresilience(复原力)sothatbusinessescanrespondtoanydamagingcyberspaceactivity.Cyberresiliencehelpsbusinessessuccessfullyrecovertotheirpre-attackbusinessprocessesandbusinessoperations.Buildingcyberresilienceisnoteasy.Akeyfindingofanauthenticcyber-resiliencereportisthatnoorganizationcanrespondeffectivelyonitsowntothethreatsfromcyberspace.Organisationsmustworktogethertoshareintelligenceandresources.Inthiswaythequality,usabilityandauthenticityofintelligencewillbegreatlyimproved.5.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakethedevelopmentofcyberspaceknown.B.Toshowthegreatcontributionsfrombusiness.C.Tomakethetechnologiesadoptedbybusinessesattractive.D.Tomakethetopicappealing.6.Fromtheauthor’sperspective,businessesare________.A.lackinginawarenessofcybersafety. B.financiallyabundant.C.managedsuccessfully. D.developedinjudgment.7.Cyberresilienceiscurrentlynecessaryforthereasonthat________.A.itcanpreventattacks. B.threatsarealwaystransforming.C.cybersecuritydoesn’tworknow. D.itkeepsallthehackersofftheinternet.8.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Effectiveresiliencecanbebuiltbyanorganizationalone.B.Jointeffortsarerequiredintheformationoftrueresilience.C.Agreatamountofdifficultypreventedbuildingresilience.D.Thecyberspacethreatisnothingwhencooperationisused.——★参考答案★——5.D6.A7.B8.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。网络的迅速发展带来了机遇的同时也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。作者认为所有企业现在需要做的就是联合起来在他们的组织内建立网络安全。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But,italsobringsunexpectedrisksandunintendedconsequencesthatcanhaveapotentiallynegativeeffect.(但是，它也带来了意想不到的风险和意想不到的后果，可能会产生潜在的负面影响。)”可知，第一段是为了使话题具有吸引力。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Unfortunately,businessestendtomisjudgehowmuchrisktheyfacefromcybercrimesandhowquicklythisriskcandevelop.(不幸的是，企业往往会错误判断他们面临的网络犯罪风险有多大，以及这种风险发展的速度有多快。)”可知，在作者看来，企业缺乏网络安全意识，故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Withtheadvancementoftechnology,hackers(黑客)havebeenchanginganddeveloping.Sobusinessriskmanagementshouldincluderiskresilience(复原力)sothatbusinessescanrespondtoanydamagingcyberspaceactivity.(随着技术的进步，黑客一直在变化和发展。因此，企业风险管理应该包括风险恢复能力，以便企业能够应对任何破坏性的网络活动。)”可知，因为威胁一直在变化，所以现在网络复原力是必要的。故选B。【8题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Organisationsmustworktogethertoshareintelligenceandresources.Inthiswaythequality,usabilityandauthenticityofintelligencewillbegreatlyimproved.(各组织必须合作共享情报和资源。这样，智能的质量、可用性和真实性将大大提高。)”可知，最后一段主要是讲真正的恢复能力需要组织的共同努力。故选B。CTheplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thechemicalindustryhasauniqueroletoplayinaddressingthesechallenges.Cooperationbetweenupstreamanddownstreampartnersisessentialtodevelopsolutionsthatreduceplasticpollutionandemissionsinplasticproduction.SABIC(SaudiBasicIndustriesCorporation)isattheforefrontoftheseefforts.SABIChassetspecificgoals,includingacommitmenttoachieveicarbonneutrality(碳中和)by2050.Torealizethisgoal,thecompanyhasoutlinedaCarbonNeutralityRoadmapthatfocusesonfivepathways:energyefficiency;renewableenergy;electrification;carboncapture,usageandstorage(CCUS);andgreen/bluehydrogen.Recognizingthescaleofthechallenges,SABICunderstandsthatprogresscannotbemadealone.Thecompanyactivelycooperatesthroughinitiatives,suchastheLow—CarbonEmittingTechnologies(LCET)initiative,wherechemicalcompaniesworktogethertoacceleratethedevelopmentoftechnologysolutionsforcarbonneutrality.Partnershipsarealsovitalinaddressingplasticwaste.SABICisafoundingmemberoftheAlliance(联盟)toEndPlasticWaste,anorganizationthatbringsstakeholders(利益相关者)fromacrossthevaluechaintogethertotakecollectiveactionontheground.Theallianceworkstowardsafuturewhereplasticproductsneverendupinlandfillsoroceans,butinsteadarereusedortransformedintonewproducts.SABICisalsoactivelyinvolvedindrivingthetransitionfromalineartoacircularcarboneconomy.Asresponsibleplasticproducers,SABICrecognizestheimportanceofofferingsustainablematerialstocustomers.Althoughthechemicalindustryhasmadesignificantprogress,thereisstillmoreworktodotoachievethegoals.SABICisalreadymakingprogressonthecomplex,long—termeffortrequiredandwillcontinuetopartnerwithotherstoincreasethesolutionsneededtopushmeaningfulchange.9.Whatkindofdifficultyistheplasticvaluechainfacedwith?A.Exploringrenewableenergy. B.Reducingplasticproduction.C.Decreasingplasticpollution. D.Achievingcarbonneutrality.10.Whatisvitalforchemicalcompaniesaccordingtoparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Technologydevelopment. B.Partners’cooperation.C.Carbonneutrality. D.Sustainabledevelopment.11.WhichbestdescribesSABIC’sefforts?A.Fruitless B.Predictable. C.Frustrating. D.Rewarding.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SABIC:Aleadermappingthepathforward.B.SABIC:Aleadersolvingtheplasticpollution.C.SABIC:Aleaderreducinggreenhousegasemission.D.SABIC:Aleaderfoundingtheplasticvaluechain.——★参考答案★——9.C10.B11.D12.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了料价值链面临的两个挑战，以及沙特基础工业公司所做的努力和结果。【9题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Theplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.(塑料价值链面临两个关键挑战：控制塑料废物和减少温室气体排放)”可知，塑料价值链面临的挑战之一就是减少塑料污染。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Recognizingthescaleofthechallenges,SABICunderstandsthatprogresscannotbemadealone.(认识到挑战的规模，沙特基础工业公司明白，进展不可能单独取得)”以及第四段中“Partnershipsarealsovitalinaddressingplasticwaste.(伙伴关系在处理塑料废物方面也至关重要)”可知，合作伙伴的合作对化工公司解决问题至关重要。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Althoughthechemicalindustryhasmadesignificantprogress,thereisstillmoreworktodotoachievethegoals.SABICisalreadymakingprogressonthecomplex,long—termeffortrequiredandwillcontinuetopartnerwithotherstoincreasethesolutionsneededtopushmeaningfulchange.(尽管化学工业取得了重大进展，但要实现这些目标，还有更多的工作要做。沙特基础工业公司已经在复杂的长期努力中取得了进展，并将继续与其他公司合作，增加推动有意义变革所需的解决方案)”可知，SABIC的努力没有付诸流水，是有成效和意义的。故选D。【12题详析】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Theplasticvaluechainfacestwokeychallenges:controllingplasticwasteandreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thechemicalindustryhasauniqueroletoplayinaddressingthesechallenges.Cooperationbetweenupstreamanddownstreampartnersisessentialtodevelopsolutionsthatreduceplasticpollutionandemissionsinplasticproduction.SABIC(SaudiBasicIndustriesCorporation)isattheforefrontoftheseefforts.(塑料价值链面临两个关键挑战：控制塑料废物和减少温室气体排放。化学工业在应对这些挑战方面发挥着独特的作用。上游和下游伙伴之间的合作对于制定减少塑料生产中的塑料污染和排放的解决方案至关重要。沙特基础工业公司(SABIC)站在这些努力的最前沿。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了料价值链面临的两个挑战，以及沙特基础工业公司所做的努力和结果。因此A项“沙特基础工业公司：一个规划未来道路的领导者”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。DOnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Theproblemformanyofusisthatonequickphone-relatedtaskleadstoaquickcheckofouremailorsocialmediafeeds,andsuddenlywe’vebeensuckedintoendlessscrolling(滚屏).It’saviciouscircle.Themoreusefulourphonesbecome,themoreweusethem.Themoreweusethem,themorewelayneuralpathwaysinourbrainsthatleadtopickingupourphonesforwhatevertaskisathand—andthemorewefeelanurgetocheckourphoneevenwhenwedon’thaveto.Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistractionofcheckingaphoneorseeinganotificationcanhavenegativeconsequences.Thisisn’tverysurprising;weknowthat,ingeneral,multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance.Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving.Inanotherrecentstudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemsotheywerevisible(likeonadesk),nearbyandoutofsight(likeinabagorpocket),orinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation,theirproblem-solving,andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible,poweredonornot.Thatheldtrueeventhoughmostoftheparticipantsclaimednottobeconsciously(有意识地)thinkingabouttheirdevices.Themereproximity(靠近)ofaphone,itseems,contributesto“braindrain”.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones,orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone(eg,waitingforanotification).Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly“fix”,theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.13.Howdoestheauthorbringupthetopicofthetext?A.Byofferingapieceofnews. B.Bysharingamagazinearticle.C.Bydescribinghisownexperience. D.Bycitingpreviousresearchfindings.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vicious”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Full. B.Magic. C.Tight. D.Bad.15.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodotoavoidmobilephonedistraction?A.Neverwaitforanotification.B.Useourphoneaslittleaspossible.C.Stayawayfromourphonewhendoingthings.D.Focusononethingwhenfinishingdifficultthings.16.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheProsandConsofUsingMobilePhones.B.HowHaveMobilePhonesChangedOurBrainsNegatively?C.TheConsequencesofUsingMobilePhones.D.DoYouWanttoControltheDesiretoCheckYourMobilePhones?——★参考答案★——13.D14.D15.C16.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在手机上耗费了大量的时间，频繁查看手机。手机的使用对大脑产生负面影响。要避免手机分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是彻底远离手机。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.”（最近的一份报告发现，美国成年人平均每天查看手机344次——每4分钟一次——每天总共花在手机上的时间接近3个小时。）可推知，作者通过引用之前的研究结果来提出文章的主题。故选D项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Themoreusefulourphonesbecome,themoreweusethem.Themoreweusethem,themorewelayneuralpathwaysinourbrainsthatleadtopickingupourphonesforwhatevertaskisathand—andthemorewefeelanurgetocheckourphoneevenwhenwedon’thaveto.”（我们的手机越有用，我们使用它们的次数就越多。我们使用它们的次数越多，大脑中的神经通路就越多，这些神经通路会导致我们不管手头上有什么事要处理，都会拿起手机，并且我们也会更想看手机，即使没有必要。）故可猜测，频繁查看手机是一个不好的循环，划线单词vicious与选项D项Bad“糟糕的，坏的”意思一致。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly“fix”,theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.”（不管怎样，这种分散的注意力会让做其他事情变得更加困难。研究人员发现，唯一的“解决办法”就是把设备完全放在不同的房间里。）可推知，作者建议我们做事的时候远离手机来避免手机分心。故选C项。【16题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Themereproximity(靠近)ofaphone,itseems,contributesto“braindrain”.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones,orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone(eg,waitingforanotification).Eitherway,thisdivertedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.”（仅仅是靠近手机似乎就会导致“脑力损耗”。我们的大脑可能在潜意识里努力抑制查看手机的欲望，或者始终留心着我们是否应该查看手机（比方说等待出现通知）。不管怎样，分心会让你做其他事情变得更困难。）可知，文章主要讲的是手机的使用对大脑产生负面影响。要避免手机分散自己的注意力，唯一的方法是彻底远离手机。故文章最好的标题是“手机如何给我们的大脑带来负面影响？”。故选B项。二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。Conflictisanormalpartofanyhealthyrelationship.____17____Thekeyisnottofearortrytoavoidconflictbuttolearnhow,tosolveitinahealthyway.Whenconflictismismanaged,itcancausegreatharmtoarelationship,but,whenhandledinarespectful,positiveway,_____18_____Whetheryou’reexperiencingconflict,athome,work,orschool,learningskillscanhelpyouresolvedifferencesinahealthywayandbuildstronger,morerewardingrelationships._____19_____Itoccurswheneverpeopledisagreeovertheirvalues,motivations,perceptions,ideas,ordesires.Sometimesthesedifferencesappeartrivial,butwhenaconflicttriggersstrongfeelings,adeeppersonalneedisoftenatthecoreoftheproblem.Theseneedscanrangefromtheneedtofeelsafeandsecureorrespectedandvalued,totheneedforgreaterclosenessandintimacy.Thinkabouttheopposingneedsofatoddlerandaparent.Thechild’sneedistoexplore,soventuringtothestreetorthecliffedgemeetsthatneed.Buttheparent’sneedistoprotectthechild’ssafety,aheedthatcanonlybemetbylimitingthetoddler’sexploration.____20____Theabilitytosuccessfullyresolveconflictdependsonyourabilityto:___21___Bystayingcalm,youcanaccuratelyreadandinterpretverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Controlyouremotionsandbehavior.Whenyou’reincontrolofyouremotions,youcancommunicateyourneedswithoutthreatening,intimidating,orpunishingothers.A.Sincetheseneedsaredifferent,conflictarises.B.Conflictarisesfromdifferences,bothlargeandsmall.C.Managestressquicklywhileremainingalertandcalm.D.Conflicttriggersstrongemotionsandcanleadtohurtfeeling.E.Differingneedscanresultinbrokendeals,decreasedprofitsandlostjobs.F.Afterall,twopeoplecan’tbeexpectedtoagreeoneverythingallthetime.G.Conflictprovidesanopportunitytostrengthenthebondbetweentwopeople.——★参考答案★——17.F18.G19.B20.A21.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了冲突产生的原因以及应对方法。【17题详析】根据上文“Conflictisanormalpartofanyhealthyrelationship.(冲突是任何健康关系的正常组成部分)”以及后文“Thekeyisnottofearortrytoavoidconflictbuttolearnhow,tosolveitinahealthyway.(关键是不要害怕或试图避免冲突，而是要学会如何以一种健康的方式解决冲突)”可知，上文提到了冲突是任何健康关系的正常组成部分，本句说明原因：两个人不可能总是意见一致，才会引出下文讲其解决策略。故F选项“毕竟，不能指望两个人总是在所有事情上意见一致”符合语境，故选F。【18题详析】根据后文“Whetheryou’reexperiencingconflict,athome,work,orschool,learningskillscanhelpyouresolvedifferencesinahealthywayandbuildstronger,morerewardingrelationships.(无论你是在经历冲突，在家里、工作中还是在学校，学习技能都可以帮助你以健康的方式解决分歧，建立更牢固、更有益的关系)”可知，根据后文内容可知通过冲突可以建立更牢固、更有益的关系。故G选项“冲突提供了一个加强两个人之间联系的机会”符合语境，故选G。【19题详析】根据后文“Itoccurswheneverpeopledisagreeovertheirvalues,motivations,perceptions,ideas,ordesires.Sometimesthesedifferencesappeartrivial,butwhenaconflicttriggersstrongfeelings,adeeppersonalneedisoftenatthecoreoftheproblem.Theseneedscanrangefromtheneedtofeelsafeandsecureorrespectedandvalued,totheneedforgreaterclosenessandintimacy.(当人们在价值观、动机、观念、想法或欲望上存在分歧时，就会发生这种情况。有时这些差异看起来微不足道，但当冲突引发强烈的情感时，深层的个人需求往往是问题的核心。这些需求的范围从需要感到安全、有保障或受到尊重和重视，到需要更亲密的关系)”可知，本段的主旨主要是说明冲突产生的原因，故B选项“冲突产生于大大小小的分歧”符合语境，故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Thinkabouttheopposingneedsofatoddlerandaparent.Thechild’sneedistoexplore,soventuringtothestreetorthecliffedgemeetsthatneed.Buttheparent’sneedistoprotectthechild’ssafety,aheedthatcanonlybemetbylimitingthetoddler’sexploration.(想想一个蹒跚学步的孩子和一个父母相反的需求。孩子的需求是探索，所以冒险到街上或悬崖边缘满足这种需求。但是父母的需要是保护孩子的安全，这种需要只能通过限制孩子的探索来满足)”可知，上文提到了孩子和父母不同的需求，本句为本段最后一句，应说明其导致的结果：由于这些需求不同，就会产生冲突。故A选项“由于这些需求不同，就会产生冲突”符合语境，故选A。【21题详析】根据后文“Bystayingcalm,youcanaccuratelyreadandinterpretverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Controlyouremotionsandbehavior.Whenyou’reincontrolofyouremotions,youcancommunicateyourneedswithoutthreatening,intimidating,orpunishingothers.(通过保持冷静，你可以准确地阅读和解释口头和非口头交流。控制你的情绪和行为。当你能控制自己的情绪时，你可以在不威胁、恐吓或惩罚他人的情况下表达你的需求)”可知，本段的主旨是通过保持冷静来处理冲突，C选项中calm对应后文stayingcalm。故C选项“快速处理压力，同时保持警觉和冷静”符合语境，故选C。三、完形填空：本大题共20小题，共30分。Untilrecentlyinthedevelopedworld,mostmarriedcouplesadoptedtraditionalroles,withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.Althoughmanyfamiliesstillfollowthis___22___,thoseroleshavebecomeless___23___.Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.___24___,perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女权运动),peoplehavebegunto___25___thatone’s___26___shouldnotdetermineone’srole.Asa___27___,peoplefeeltheyhave“___28___”todecidewhattheywanttodoinlife.It’snolonger___29___formentowanttobetheprimarycaregiverorhomemaker.Similarly,manywomenwould___30___toentertheworkingworldinsteadofstayingathome.Moreover,alargenumberofwomenhave____31____advancedacademicprofessionaltraining,____32____themwithasignificantearningpotential.Ontheotherhand,factorsotherthanpersonalchoicehave____33____tothefluidity(不稳定性)ofgenderroles.Lifehasbecomemoreexpensiveandit’s____34____forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,requiringmarriedwomentoleavethehometo____35____moneytohelpsupportthefamily.____36____,thenumberoftwo-incomehouseholdshas____37____rapidly.Anddespitethefactthatwomenonaveragestillearn____38____thanmenforthesamejob,theirincomeshavebecomean____39____componentofsurvivalandprosperityintoday’sworld.Insimilarfashion,aman’sdecisionto____40____athomemaynotbevoluntary.Intheeventhehaslosthisjob,hisdecisiontostayathomemightbeoneof____41____,notchoice.22.A.tradition B.role C.rule D.truth23.A.unstable B.changeable C.unchangeable D.loose24.A.Whereas B.Ontheonehand C.While D.Nevertheless25.A.believe B.choose C.trust D.decide26.A.family B.income C.choice D.gender27.A.result B.reason C.choice D.female28.A.permit B.permission C.allowance D.licence29.A.beneficial B.advantageous C.harmful D.shameful30.A.refuse B.proceed C.prefer D.hate31.A.missed B.learned C.achieved D.succeeded32.A.giving B.offering C.affording D.providing33.A.denied B.contributed C.corresponded D.donated34.A.convenient B.difficult C.easy D.traditional35.A.spend B.donate C.earn D.collect36.A.Yet B.However C.Frequently D.Consequently37.A.grown B.decreased C.enhanced D.reduced38.A.little B.less C.much D.more39.A.ordinary B.unlimited C.unnecessary D.essential40.A.support B.leave C.stay D.survive41.A.necessity B.opportunities C.decisions D.possibilities——★参考答案★——22.A23.C24.B25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.C32.D33.B34.B35.C36.D37.A38.B39.D40.C41.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了促成传统家庭角色发生转变的因素。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多家庭仍然遵循这一传统，但这些角色已经变得不那么不可改变了。A.tradition传统；B.role角色，规则；C.rule规则；D.truth真理，真相。根据上文“Untilrecentlyinthedevelopedworld,mostmarriedcouplesadoptedtraditionalroles,withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.”可知，丈夫在外工作，妻子照顾孩子和家务是许多家庭遵循的传统。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.unstable不稳定的；B.changeable可改变的，易变的；C.unchangeable不可改变的；D.loose宽松的。根据下文“Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.”可知，这些角色不是一成不变的。故选C。【24题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一方面，也许是女权主义的结果。A.Whereas尽管，然而；B.Ontheonehand一方面；C.While当……时候；D.Nevertheless然而，不过。根据“Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothischange.”和“Ontheotherhand”可知，此处为固定搭配Ontheonehand…，Ontheotherhand…，表示“一方面……，另一方面……”故选B。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们开始相信一个人的性别不应该决定一个人的角色。A.believe相信；B.choose选择；C.trust信任；D.decide决定。根据“perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女权运动)”可知，由于女权运动的兴起，人们开始相信性别不应该决定一个人的角色。故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.family家庭；B.income收入；C.choice选择；D.gender性别。根据“withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehomeandthewifetakingcareofthechildrenandthehouse.”可知，此处指一个人的性别不应该决定一个人的角色。故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，人们觉得他们有“许可”来决定他们想在生活中做什么。A.result结果；B.reason原因；C.choice选择；D.female女性。根据上文“perhapsasaconsequenceoffeminism(女权运动)”可知，女权运动的结果是人们觉得他们有“许可”来决定他们的角色。asaresult为固定短语，表示“结果”。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.permit许可证；B.permission允许；C.allowance津贴；D.licence执照。根据“todecidewhattheywanttodoinlife.”可知，人们自己许可自己在生活中想做的事情。故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于男人来说，想要成为主要的照顾者或操持家务者不再是可耻的。A.beneficial有益的；B.advantageous有好处的；C.harmful有害的；D.shameful可耻的。根据“withthehusbandworkingoutsidethehome”可知，传统观念认为男人要在外工作，因此在家操持家务被认为是可耻的。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，许多女性更愿意进入职场，而不是呆在家里。A.refuse拒绝；B.proceed继续做；C.prefer更喜欢；D.hate讨厌。根据“insteadofstayingathome.”可知，女性更喜欢进入职场。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，许多妇女获得了高级学术专业培训，使她们有很大的赚钱潜力。A.missed错过，失去；B.learned学习；C.achieved实现，获得；D.succeeded成功。根据“advancedacademicprofessionaltraining”可知，许多女性获得了高级学术专业培训。故选C。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.giving给；B.offering主动提出；C.affording付得起；D.providing提供。根据“alargenumberofwomenhave______advancedacademicprofessionaltraining”可知，许多妇女获得了高级学术专业培训，这为她们提供了赚钱潜力。providesb.withsth.为固定短语，意为“提供某物给某人”。故选D。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，个人选择以外的因素也促成了性别角色的流动性。A.denied否认，否定；B.contributed捐助，促成；C.corresponded符合，相一致；D.donated捐赠。根据“factorsotherthanpersonalchoice”可知，个人选择以外的因素也促成了性别角色的不稳定性。contributeto为固定短语，表示“促成，有利于”。故选B。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活成本越来越高，一个家庭很难只靠一份收入来维持生活，这就要求已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家。A.convenient方便的；B.difficult困难的；C.easy容易的；D.traditional传统的。根据“Lifehasbecomemoreexpensive”可知，生活成本越来越高，一份收入很难支撑一个家庭。故选B。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.spend花费；B.donate捐赠；C.earn挣；D.collect收集。根据“helpsupportthefamily.”可知，已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家。故选C。【36题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，双职工家庭的数量迅速增加。A.Yet还；B.However然而；C.Frequently频繁地；D.Consequently因此，结果。根据上文“Lifehasbecomemoreexpensiveandit’s______forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,requiringmarriedwomentoleavethehometo______moneytohelpsupportthefamily.”可知，生活成本越来越高，一个家庭很难只靠一份收入来维持生活，这就要求已婚妇女离开家去挣钱养家，这导致了双职工家庭出现这一结果。故选D。【37题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.grown生长，增加；B.decreased降低；C.enhanced增强；D.reduced减少。根据“it’s______forafamilytoexistononlyoneincome,