高考英语一轮复习讲义（课前基础导练+课堂互动探究+课后知能提升）Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars晨背三部曲（名词性从句）经典佳句1．我猜你真正想说的是最近你无事可做。Iguesswhatyouwerereallytryingtosayisthatyou'vegotnothingtodothesedays.2．然而最新消息显示她17岁的女儿已被哈佛和耶鲁大学录取。However,thelatestnewsshowsthather17­year­olddaughterwasadmittedintoHarvardandYale3．的确，我们周围有许多人，不管他们想做什么都能出类拔萃。Indeed,therearesomanypeoplearounduswhocanexcelinwhatevertheywanttodo.4．他以为父母讨厌他并且那就是他们将他留在寄宿制学校的原因。Hethoughthisparentshatedhimandthatthatwaswhytheylefthiminaboardingschool.5．现在，有一种现象，越来越多的中学生在网上开办自己的博客。Nowadays,thereisaphenomenonthatmoreandmorehighschoolstudentsopentheirownblogsontheInternet.热身体验句式仿写1．Besides,itiswhat_my_father_sent_to_me(爸爸送给我的)onmybirthday.2．25%ofmyclassmateshold_the_view_that(持……观点)doingpart­timejobswillhelponegainworkexperienceandlearnmoreofthesociety.Ⅰ.词海拾贝基础记忆1．systemn．系统；体系；制度2．theoryn.学说；理论3．atmospheren.大气层；气氛4．fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的5．thusadv.因此；于是6．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n7．gentleadj.温和的；文雅的8．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落9．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力10．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物11．unlikeprep.不同；不像→likevt.喜欢prep.相像的→likelyadj.可能的12．violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地13．harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．&v．伤害→harmlessadj.无害的14．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存语境记忆15．Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱)．(violence)(·浙江阅读C)16．Thisobjectgivesoffharmfulgases.Theymaydoharmtoourhealth.Youmustmaketheobjectharmlessbeforeyouuseit.(harm)17.Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)篇章记忆Withthedevelopmentofastronomy,peopleknowmoreaboutthefundamentaltheoryofclimate,atmosphereandtheglobe.Nowmoreandmoresatellitesandspaceshipshavebeensentupintospacewherethere'snooxygenorgravity.Ⅱ.短语互译1.及时；终于in_time2．轮到某人；接着in_one's_turn3．阻止；制止prevent_..._from4．感到高兴；感到振奋cheer_up5．突发；爆发break_out6．watchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防7．layeggs下蛋8．givebirthto产生；分娩9．nowthat既然10．blockout挡住(光线)Ⅲ.句型一览1.so...that...如此……以至于……Theearthbecame_so_violent_that(变得如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2．“makeitpossibletodosth.”结构Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possible_for_life_to_develop(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能)．3．“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_as_on_the_earth(是地球上的两倍远)andfellover.4．nowthat引导的原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow_that_gravity_has_changed(既然地球引力已发生了变化)．Ⅳ.语法自测——主语从句完成句子1．What_amazed_me_mostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfoot.(amaze)最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。2．That_he_was_caught_cheating/His_being_caught_cheatingintheexammadehisheadteacherveryangry.(catch)他被抓住考试作弊令班主任很生气。3．What_is_well_known_toeveryone,Ishouldsay,isthatamanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.(know)我应该说，众所周知：要长学问，就得多问。4．Itisshownthat_men_have_twice_as_many_serious_accidentsaswomendoonaveragewhiledrivingaccordingtorecentstatistics.(have)最近的数据表明，男士在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女士的两倍5．Sofar,how_they_will_solve_the_serious_problemhasnotbeendecided.(solve)目前为止，他们将怎样解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。1.existvi.存在；生存(1)existin存在于……中existon靠……生活/生存Thereexists/existed...某地有……(2)existencen.存在；生活inexistence现存的；现有的comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在①Chinacontinuestomakesincereeffortstoproperlyhandlethedifferencesthatexistwithsomeofitsneighbors.中国继续做出真诚的努力，妥善处理与一些邻国之间存在的分歧。②Thereexistedacloserelationshipbetweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.(·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)各家各户和他们的送奶人之间存在一种亲密的关系。【对点练习】介词填空①Theycan'texistonthemoneyhe'searning.②Nooneknowshowthisworldcameintoexistence.③Eventhoughheisalittleboy,strangeideasalwaysexistinhismind.④TheImperialPalaceinBeijinghasbeeninexistenceformorethan500years.2.puzzlen．谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)beinapuzzleaboutsth.对某事迷惑不解(2)puzzlesb.使某人为难bepuzzledby被……迷惑puzzleabout/oversth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的①Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。②Herpuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshedidn'tunderstandwhatIsaid.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。【对点练习】完成句子①Iknewwhichpieceofworkwasmosturgent,whilehisexplanationonlymadememore_puzzled_about/overitthanever.(puzzle)我知道哪件工作最紧迫，然而他这一说反而让我对此感到更迷惑了。②What_puzzled_me_mostwasthepuzzlingquestionheputforward.(puzzle)最让我疑惑不解的是他提出的那个令人疑惑的问题。③Thestudentwassomewhatpuzzled_about/over_what_to_donext,butthenatlastthepennydropped.(puzzle)这个学生对下一步做什么有点伤透脑筋，但最终明白了。3.intime及时；终于；迟早①Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。(1)intimefor...后接名词，意为“刚好赶上……”。intimetodosth.及时做某事(2)innotime立刻；马上atnotime决不atatime每次；一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔②Thecarcametoahaltjustintimetopreventanaccident.汽车及时停下了，避免了一起事故。③Atonetime,halfthelandontheearth'ssurfacewascoveredbyforest.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。【对点练习】根据英汉提示完成小片段①我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。At_one_timeIgrewcrazyaboutskating.However,Ifellontothegroundfrom_time_to_time,_butIknewthatIwouldat_no_timebeskilledifIlackedpractice.【真题印证】②(·江苏高考)—ThankGodyou'resafe!—Isteppedback,just________toavoidtheracingcar.A．intimeB．incaseC．inneedD．invain解析：选A考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避开了赛车。”intime“及时”；incase“万一，假使”；inneed“需要”；invain“徒劳，无济于事”。根据句意可知A项正确。4.inone'sturn轮到某人；接着①Iwill,inmyturn,cleanthewindownextweek.下周将轮到我擦窗户了。inturn依次；轮流；反之；反过来byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事②Alltheoriescomefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。③Nowitisyourturntolookafterthechildren.现在轮到你照看孩子们了。【关键一点】byturns是“交替，轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如表示“按顺序”则应用inturn。【对点练习】用turn的相关短语完成下列句子①你们不能全体一起上，你们得轮流做。Youcan'talldoittogether;you'llhavetotake_turns.②人们试图使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthisin_turncreatesmoreproblems.③轮到我的时候，我买走了最后一张CD。IboughtthelastCDin_my_turn.5.prevent...from阻止；制止prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事protect...from保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御keep...doingsth.使……一直做某事①Hisadviceprevented/kept/stoppedmefrommakingaseriousmistake.他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。②Hewearssunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。【关键一点】(1)prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.表示“制止/阻止/防止某人或某物做某事”，它们常可以互换。(2)preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.和stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.中的from常可省略，但用于被动语态时from不能省略。(3)keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。【对点练习】完成句子①Iwas_prevented_fromgoingtherebyurgentbusinesslastweek.(prevent)上周我因急事不能去那里。②I'mverysorryto_have_kept_you_waitingforalongtime.(keep)很抱歉让您等了那么久。③Thenewrulewillkeep_him_from_leavingthesmallcountry.(keep)这条新规则将会阻止他离开这个小国家。6.cheerup感到高兴；感到振奋cheersb.up使某人振作起来cheersb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油Cheers干杯！①Feelingblueabouttheworld？Cheerup.(湖北高考)对世界感到沮丧吗？振作起来。②TheaudiencestooduptocheerontheirteamGuangzhouEvergrandeFootballTeam.观众们站起来为他们的球队广州恒大足球队欢呼加油。【关键一点】cheerup既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。【对点练习】用cheer的相关短语完成下列句子①我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！Idohopeshecancheer_upandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!②赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为选手加油喝彩。Thecrowdcheered_the_runners_onastheystartedthelastlap.【基础点专练】eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(7.unlike/fundamental/harmful/nowthat/watchout))①unlikeprep.不同；不像adj.不同的；不相似的somethinglike几分像……It'slike/unlikesb.todosth.做某事实在像/不像某人dislikevt.不喜欢；讨厌②fundamentaladj.根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的befundamentalto...是……的基础③harmfuladj.有害的beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doharmtosb.,dosb.harm))对某人有害④nowthat既然引导原因状语从句，相当于since。⑤watchout密切注视；当心；提防watchover看守；照顾watchoutfor密切注视(某物或某人)【对点练习】结合以上词语完成下列句子①空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。Airpollutionwillgetworseandthiswillbe_harmful_to_people;_forexample,itcancausecancer.②这里来往的车辆开得很快，我们必须小心。Wehavetowatch_out_forfasttrafficalonghere.③和他兄弟不同，他有种幽默感。Unlike_his_brother,_hehasagoodsenseofhumor.④既然大家都到了，我们可以开始开会了。Now_that_everybody_is_here,_wecanbeginthemeeting.⑤众所周知，水对于生存是必不可少的。Asweknow,wateris_fundamental_tosurvival.1.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possibleforlifeto_develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。【句型透视】(1)这是“makeit＋形容词/名词＋todosth.”句型。该句型中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。PeopleinthewestmakeitaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节购买礼物给亲朋好友。(2)it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句。Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。(3)make复合结构的主要用法如下：eq\a\vs4\al(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词或形容词,不带to的不定式,过去分词,介词短语)))Thenoiseintheschoolmakeslearningdifficult.学校里的吵闹声让人很难安心学习。【对点练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空①Thefactthatshewasforeignmadeitdifficultforherto_get(get)ajobinthatcountry.②Thebossmadeuswork(work)forhim16hoursaday.③Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimselfheard(hear).2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。【句型透视】twiceasfaras...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”，其中asfaras...意为“远到……”。英语中常见的倍数表达法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋asB,A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋thanB,A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词size/weight/length...＋ofB,A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”))Thistableistwicebiggerthanthatone.＝Thistableisthreetimesasbigasthatone.＝Thistableisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.这张桌子是那张的3倍大。Theworld'spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。【对点练习】完成句子①Thelivingroomofthehouseisdouble_the_length_ofthebedroom,whichsuitsthefamilyprettywell.(double)这个房子的起居室是卧室长度的两倍，这很合家庭成员的意。②Ifyouhadn'ttakentheroadguidedbytheGPS,youwouldn't_get_stuck_inthemudnow.(stick)如果你不走那条由GPS指引的路，你现在就不会陷在泥里了。Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空Lastyear,oneoftheplantsexplodedviolently(violent),andthelocalpeoplegotintoagreatpanic.2．Thereweremanyfishfloating(float)intheriverbecauseoftheseriouspollution.3．Hecontrastedthetwodifferenteconomicsystems(system)inhisspeech.4．Manypeopleareawareoftheharmful(harm)effectsofsmoking.5．Everyonewasabitpuzzled(puzzle)byhersuddendeparture.6．Sudancameintoexistence(exist)attheendofthe1800s.7．Shetappedhimgently(gentle)ontheshoulder.8．Thepresent(presence)situationcannotbeallowedtocontinue.Ⅱ.选词填空onthecontrary,glareat,stareat,alargeamountof,asfor,tothecontrary1．Thereexistmanyplantsalongtheriver.2．Someofthemhavedone_great_harm_totheenvironment.3．Hearingthatsomemeasureshadbeentakenintimetopreventthepollutionfromgettingbadtoworse,theyallcheeredup.4．Thereisa_chancethattheseplantswillbemovednextyear.5．Now_thateveryoneagreestotheplan,let'sstartforShanghainextweekend.6．Thenewbridgeisthree_times_the_width_ofthatonebuiltlastyear.7．Wefeel_it_our_dutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.8．Whenthewarbroke_out,_thetwocountriesbrokeofftheirdiplomaticrelations.9．Anuglybuildingblocked_outtheviewfromthewindow.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇1．在这条河流的两岸有许多工厂。2．有些已经对环境造成损害。3．去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈的爆炸。4．当地人们都陷入到巨大的恐慌中。5．听到已经及时采取措施阻止污染的进一步恶化，他们都感到兴奋。6．有可能明年这些工厂会搬走。Thereexistmanyplantsalongtheriver,someofwhichhavedonegreatharmtotheenvironment.Lastyear,oneofthemexplodedviolently;asaresult,thelocalpeoplegotintoagreatpanic.Hearingthatsomemeasureshadbeentakenintimetopreventthepollutionfromgettingbadtoworse,theyallcheeredup.Moreimportantly,thereisachancethattheseplantswillbemovednextyear.Ⅰ.多项选择1．(·武汉调研)Inthechairman'sspeech,heexpressedhisdoubtaboutwhetherJapanwould________thedifficultiescausedbytheearthquakeinashortperiod.A．lookthroughB．pullthroughC．gothroughD．sitthrough解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：在主持人的发言中，他表达了对日本能否在短期内度过地震引起的困难的怀疑。pullthrough“做成(十分困难的事)”。lookthrough“浏览”；gothrough“经历”；sitthrough“坐到……结束”。2．Althoughheknowsthatsmokingis________tohishealth,hejustcan'tresistit,especiallywhenhemeetssomeproblemsneedingthinking.A．harmfulB．additionalC．beneficialD．useful解析：选A句意：虽然他知道吸烟对他健康不好，可他就是抵制不了，尤其是当他碰到一些需要思考的问题时。harmful“有害的”；additional“另外的”；beneficial“有益的”；useful“有用的”。3．(·荆州调研)Weagreedthatbothsidesmustworktostrengthengreatertrustandconfidence,which,________，willbringmorecooperation.A．intimeB．inturnC．inreturnD．intotal解析：选B考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们达成协议，双方必须努力增强更大的信任和信心，这反过来必将带来更多的合作。intime“及时；终于”；inturn“转而”；inreturn“作为回报”；intotal“总计”。只有B项符合句意。4．AmericaandChinaneedtotrustoneanotherand________misunderstanding,whichbenefitsworldpeace.A．preventB．permitC．puzzleD．multiply解析：选A考查动词辨析。句意：美国和中国应该信任彼此防止误解，这有益于世界和平。prevent“防止”；permit“允许；准许”；puzzle“使迷惑；使为难”，multiply“增加”。根据句意选A。5．(·黄石高三质检)ThemonthlysalesofMoYan'sworks________199timescomparedwiththosebeforehewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A．acceleratedB．stretchedC．multipliedD．switched解析：选C考查动词词义辨析。句意：与获诺贝尔文学奖之前相比，莫言的作品每月的销售量增加了199倍。A项意为“加速；促进”；B项意为“伸开；伸展；张开”；C项意为“乘；增加”；D项意为“转换；切换”。根据空格后的“199times”并结合选项的词义可知，multiplied符合语境。故答案选C。6．Mariawasableto________thefamilybyteachingthemtosinglivelysongs.A．takeupB．bringupC．cheerupD．buildup解析：选C句意：玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。cheerup“使振奋；打起精神”。takeup“占据；从事”；bringup“教育；养育；提出”；buildup“树立；增进”。7．IadmireStephenHawkinggreatly,whose________aboutblackholeshasagreateffectonastronomy.A．theoryB．practiceC．approachD．method解析：选A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常钦佩史蒂芬·霍金，他的黑洞理论对天文学产生了很大影响。theory“理论”；practice“练习”；approach“方法”；method“方法”。8．Ifthe________interestsoftheworkersarenotconsidered,they'llgoonstrikenextweek.A．fundamentalB．environmentalC．spiritualD．punctual解析：选A考查形容词辨析。句意：如果工人的基本利益不被考虑，他们将于下周举行罢工。fundamental“基本的，根本的”；environmental“环境的”；spiritual“精神的”；punctual“准时的”。9．Bobfeltastrong,almost________，dislikeforthestrangerwhobehavedinaveryrudemanner.A．fundamentalB．genuineC．harmfulD．violent解析：选D根据“thestrangerwhobehavedinaveryrudemanner”可知，这个陌生人是极其令人讨厌的，故选violent。10．Itwasalmostmidnightwhenafire________intheneighborhood.A．blockedoutB．turnedoutC．brokeoutD．diedout解析：选C根据fire可知在此用breakout表示“突发，爆发”。blockout“阻止”；turnout“结果是”；dieout“灭绝，逐渐消失”，均不符合语境。Ⅱ.完成句子1．(·武汉调研)Whoever_is_confidentisalwaysenergeticandismorelikelytosucceed.(whoever)凡是自信的人总是精力充沛，并且更有可能获得成功。2．(·黄冈中学模拟)Thedaysarebecomingshorterandshorternow_that_autumn_is_here.(now)秋天来到了，白天渐渐短了。3．(·武昌区调研)Yesterday,inhisspeech,hemade_it_clearthatallhehaddonewasnotforthebenefitofhimselfbutforallthestaffinhiscompany.(make)他在昨天的讲话中表明，他所做的一切不是为了他自己，而是为了公司的全体员工。4．(·湖北省部分重点中学联考)It_never_occurred_to_himthathewouldbereducedtosuchasorrystate.(occur)他从未想到过自己会沦落到如此境地。5．(·荆州调研)Mr.Hiltonisverypleasedwiththenewlybuilthouse,whichisalmosttwice_the_size_oftheoneheusedtolivein.(size)希尔顿先生对这所新建的房子很满意，它几乎比他以前所住的那间大两倍。6．That_we_should_keep_calmdoesmatterincaseofemergency.(keep)在紧急情况下我们应该保持镇定，这很重要。7．It'sreportedthattheoutputofthisyearisthree_times_what_it_wasin.(what)据报道，今年的产量是年的三倍。8．Beforeyoudecidetodoitinthisway,youmustthinktwicebecausethismethodis_unlikely_to_behelpfultoyou.(unlikely)在你决定采用这种方法做之前你必须要三思，因为这种方法不见得对你有帮助。9．Nowadaysmoreandmorechildrenarebeingoverweight,sokeeping_a_healthy_dietisofgreatimportance.(keep)如今，越来越多的儿童过于肥胖，所以保持健康的饮食尤为重要。10．Themothermakesitaruleforthelittleboythatwhenheiscrossingtheroad,heshould_watch_out_forthecars.(watch)妈妈给小男孩订了一条规矩，当他过马路的时候他要小心车辆。Ⅲ.完形填空“Mommy,canIhaveapeanutbutterandjellysandwich？”myfive­year­oldsonasked.Asimpletask,butnow,itwasn'tthat__1__.AnxietyrestrictedmystomachasI___2___Icouldn'tbea“normal”mommytomythree­，five­，andseven­yearoldsons.ItwastheChristmasseasonnow,andmytasksmultiplied.I__3__tohaveevenatinybitofeyesight.ButthisChristmasseason,Isaw__4__—noredorgreen,nocolors,noshadows.Christmas___5__camequickly,andoursonscameinandrushedtoourbed.“__6___,_wewanttoopenpresents.”EachvoicehadadistinctsoundandIcouldtelltheirmoodbythe__7__.Theyjumped,giggled,andteasedeachotheraswewipedthe__8__fromoureyes.Ireachedformyrobe(睡袍)andheld___9__myhand,“Comeon,let'sseewhatSantabrought.”“Let'staketurns，”theirdaddysaid.“Anddon'tforgettotell__10__whatyouget.”That's__11__IrealizedthatwhatIcouldn'tseethreatenedto__12__theChristmasjoy.Ifoughtthetemptationto__13__intoself­pity,andswallowedhardtokeepthetearsinside.Myhusband__14__besideme.“WhatcanIdoforyou？”Hissweetnessandwarmthfurtheremphasizedmy__15__.IwasdisappointinghimandI'd__16__inmyroleasawifetohimandamomtomysons.“Thisisthebestpresentyet！”oneofoursonscriedout.Myson'swordsbroughtatruththatopenedthe__17__ofmyheart.Hisgiftdelightedhim.ButIhadmissedmine,__18__anddisregardingmygreatestpresent—theonethat__19__theemptinessofmydarkworld.Itwasinthefamilyroom—itsangtomewithlittlevoices,withlittlearmsthat__20__me,andwiththesweetestmelodyofeach“Iloveyou,Mommy.”1．A.interestingB．pleasantC．easyD．difficult解析：选Cbut前后内容是转折关系，结合下文可知，作者的眼睛看不见了，因此，原来非常简单的事情，对她来说，也不那么容易了。与上文“Asimpletask,butnow”相照应，故答案选C。2．A.wonderedB．doubtedC．hesitatedD．feared解析：选D根据语境并结合选项可知，由于视力问题，作者担心自己不能成为三个孩子的正常母亲。在四个选项中，fear有“担心，害怕”之意，与语境相符。wonder意为“想知道”；doubt意为“怀疑”；hesitate意为“犹豫”。故答案选D。3．A.longedB．struggledC．assumedD．asked解析：选A根据语境可知，随着圣诞节的临近，家里的事情多了起来，作者当时非常渴望自己哪怕只拥有一点微弱的视力。long意为“渴望，极想”，符合文意。故答案选A。4．A.nothingB．somethingC．everythingD．anything解析：选A根据空格后提到的“noredorgreen,nocolors,noshadows”可知，作者由于视力问题现在什么也看不见了，故nothing符合语境，答案选A。5．A.noonB．morningC．afternoonD．evening 解析：选B根据下文“oursonscameinandrushedtoourbed”可知，此处指的是圣诞节的早晨，孩子们冲到作者的床边要圣诞礼物。morning符合语境。故答案选B。6．A.StandupB．GetupC．TakeupD．Stayup解析：选BA项意为“起立，站起来”；B项意为“起床”；C项意为“从事，拿起”；D项意为“熬夜”。根据下文“Ireachedformyrobe(睡袍)”可知，当时作者和丈夫还未起床，孩子们进来叫他们起床，getup符合文意。故答案选B。7．A.tongueB．tuneC．toneD．accent解析：选Ctongue意为“舌头”；tune意为“曲调，和谐”；tone意为“语气，声调，音调”；accent意为“口音”。作者因为看不见，只能凭借孩子们的说话语气来判断他们的情绪，由此可知，tone符合语境。故答案选C。8．A.sleepB．joyC．tearsD．sadness解析：选A根据语境可知，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们早早地就把睡梦中的夫妇俩叫醒了，他们睡眼蒙眬，试图擦去眼中的睡意。由此结合选项可知，sleep符合文意。故答案选A。9．A.backB．upC．outD．on解析：选C根据下文“Comeon，let'sseewhatSantabrought.”可知，此处是指作者伸出了手。held与空格处构成了动词短语，holdout有“伸出”之意，与语境相符；holdback意为“隐瞒，抑制”；holdup意为“举起，耽搁”；holdon意为“稍等，坚持住”。故答案选C。10．A.DaddyB．yourselfC．SantaD．Mommy解析：选D根据语境可知，因作者看不见，她的丈夫就让孩子们按顺序告诉母亲自己得到了什么礼物。由此可知，Mommy符合语境，此处与文章第一句中的“Mommy”相对应。故答案选D。11．A.whereB．whenC．howD．why解析：选B根据语境可知，作者那时候真正地意识到了视力问题所带来的不利影响。空格处作为表语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少时间状语，因此，应用when作为引导词。故答案选B。12．A.multiplyB．gainC．increaseD．erase解析：选Dmultiply意为“乘，使增加”；gain意为“获得，赚到”；increase意为“增加，增长”；erase意为“抹去，擦除”。根据语境可知，作者认为，自己看不见这件事抹去了圣诞节的快乐气氛，因此，erase符合语境。故答案选D。13．A.comeB．getC．rushD．sink解析：选D空格处与空后的介词into构成了动词短语，comeinto意为“进入，继承”；getinto意为“进入”；rushinto意为“突然闯入，冲入，冲进”；sinkinto意为“陷入，沉入”。根据下文“self­pity，andswallowedhardtokeepthetearsinside”，并结合选项可知，作者当时陷入自怜之中，因此sink符合题意。故答案选D。14．A.flashedB．slidC．ranD．stuck解析：选B根据语境并结合四个选项可知，作者的丈夫悄悄地来到作者身边。slid是slide的动词过去式，有“悄悄地移动，潜行，滑动”之意，符合语境。flash意为“闪光”；run意为“跑”；stick意为“粘贴，卡住”，均不符合语境。故答案选B。15．A.happinessB．disappointmentC．sorrowD．depression解析：选C根据上文“self­pity，andswallowedhardtokeepthetearsinside”及“Hissweetnessandwarmth”可知，作者陷入了自怜之中，而作者丈夫所说的话更加深了作者的悲伤之感。sorrow有“悲伤”之意，符合语境。故答案选C。16．A.failedB．managedC．succeededD．attempted解析：选A根据空格前提到的“Iwasdisappointinghim”可知，作者认为自己使丈夫失望了，作为妻子和母亲的角色，她是失败的。故答案选A。17．A.eyesB．doorsC．windowsD．curtains解析：选A根据语境并结合选项可知，作者是看不见的，是儿子所说的话打开了作者心灵的眼睛，因此，eyes符合文意。故答案选A。18．A.withdrawingB．overcomingC．undertakingD．overlooking解析：选DA项意为“撤退，收回”；B项意为“克服，胜过”；C项意为“承担，保证”；D项意为“忽视，忽略，俯瞰”。结合上下文可知，作者认为自己忽视了最美好的礼物，overlooking符合语境。故答案选D。19．A.crowdedB．filledC．coveredD．packed解析：选B根据语境可知，作者认为是这个美好的礼物填满了自己黑暗世界的空虚。在四个选项中，只有filled的词义符合文意。故答案选B。20．A.seizedB．caughtC．huggedD．hung解析：选C根据空前的“littlearms”可知，此处指作者的孩子拥抱她。因此，hug意为“拥抱”，符合语境。seize意为“抓住”；catch意为“抓住”；hang意为“悬挂”，均不符合语境。故答案选C。Ⅳ.阅读理解Modernlivingisresultinginmorepeoplebecomingdisconnectedfromthenaturalworld,attheexpenseofourhealthandwell­being.Mostconcerniscentredaroundchildren,whoaremissingoutonopportunitiesaffordedtopreviousgenerations,onesassimpleasclimbingtreesorgettingtheirkneesdirty.Inthemodernworld,theadultsofthefuturearedisplayingthesymptomsof“nature­deficit(缺少)disorder”.ThetermwasmadeupbyRichardLouv,authorofLastChildintheWoods.Intheintroductiontohisbook,hesaidthatoverthepastfewdecadesthewaychildrenunderstoodandexperiencednaturehad“changedgreatly”.“Today,kidsareawareoftheglobalthreatstotheenvironment—buttheirphysicalcontact,theirintimacy(亲密)withnature,isfading.That'sexactlytheoppositeofhowitwaswhenIwasachild，”saidMr.Louv.Headmittedthatnature­deficitdisorderwas“bynomeansamedicaldiagnosis”．TimGill,authorofthereportSowingtheSeeds:ReconnectingLondon'sChildrenwithNature,agreedthatthetermdoesnothaveanymeaningfulclinicalbasis.“Myideaisthatregularcontactwithnatureispartofabalanceddietofchildhoodexperiences.Ifchildrendonothavethoseexperiencesthentheyarenotgoingtothrivetothesamedegreeasiftheydid，”TimGilladded.“Theyarealsolikelytogrowupnotcaringabouttheworldaroundthem.”“Forestschools”areatypeofoutdooreducationinwhichchildrenvisitforests,learningsocialandlivingskills.Theyareintendedtoofferchildrenregularopportunitiestodevelopconfidenceandindependencethroughhands­onlearninginawoodlandenvironment.Theyhaveappearedtohaveabeneficialeffectonchildrenwithemotionalorbehaviouralproblems.PlayEnglandisanorganizationthatfocusesongivingchildrenaccesstofreeplayareas.“Webelievethatkidsshouldbeoutsideplayingforagoodproportionofthedaybecauseitishowtheycanstayhappy,lessstressedandhealthy，”saidPlayEnglanddirectorCathPrisk.However,sheadded:“Researchshowedthatparentsthinktakingtheirkidstotheparkissomethingyoudoasararetreatinsteadofsomethingyoudoroutinely.”1．Asachild,RichardLouv________.A．wasfondofwritingmedicalbooksB．spentalotoftimeplayingintheopenairC．readalotofbooksaboutnatureD．wascuriousaboutwildlife解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Today,kidsareawareoftheglobalthreatstotheenvironment—buttheirphysicalcontact,theirintimacy(亲密)withnature,isfading.That'sexactlytheoppositeofhowitwaswhenIwasachild，”可以推断，RichardLouv小时候经常在户外玩耍。2．Whenchildrenwithnature­deficitdisordergrowup,theywillprobably________.A．sufferfromamentaldiseaseB．beconfidentandindependentC．ignorethesurroundingworldD．havebadsocialskills解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Theyarealsolikelytogrowupnotcaringabouttheworldaroundthem.”可知，患有“大自然缺失症”的孩子长大后很可能对周围的世界漠不关心。3．Whatisachildnotlikelytolearnin“forestschools”?A．Cooking.B．Puttingupatent.C．Makingfriends.D．Writing.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“‘Forestschools’areatypeofoutdooreducationinwhichchildrenvisitforests,learningsocialandlivingskills.”可知，在“森林学校”里学生学习社交及生活技能。A、B和C项属于这两项技能，D项则不属于。4．Theunderlinedword“routinely”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby“________”．A．regularlyB．properlyC．hardlyD．casually解析：选A词义猜测题。根据该句中的“insteadof”可知，前后存在对比关系，根据“araretreat”可推断，routinely是“常规地，日常地”之意，故选A。阅读理解解题技法(二)三种方法破解主旨大意题“主题、主线、主意义”破解主旨大意题：1．“主题”是指文章中的主题句，体现了文章的大意；常常位于文章的开头或结尾。2．在没有主题句的文章中，考生需要查找文章“主线”，这种“主线”能够比较忠实地反映出文章的主旨大意；主线的表现形式往往为文章的高频词。3．“主意义”是指通过概括每一段大意后，得出文章的主要意义。【品味赏析】方法一、由“主题”确定主旨大意[典例](·福建高考阅读理解E节选)AMENTORING(导师制)programisgivinglifechangingopportunitiestoBanburyyouth.YoungInspirationswasfoundedtwoyearsagotoprovidementoringsessionsforstudentsandunemployedyoungadultsaged11to21.AlexGoldberg,theprogram'sfounder,said：“WesetupYoungInspirationsbecausewewantedtogiveyoungpeopleexperienceswhichwillpotentiallybelifechangingandbroadentheiroutlook.”75．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AlexGoldberg,FounderofYoungInspirationsB．YoungPeopleFindaWorldofOpportunityC．Kieran,BanburySchoolPupiltoParisD．DebatesHelpYouthwithTheirGrades,【点拨领悟】文章主要介绍了通过关于导师制这一新体系的参观研讨活动，给年轻人的未来生活提供了许多经验和机会。文章的主题句是第一句，其关键词为“opportunities”和“youth”；从主题句意义和关键词上来看，B项为正确答案。方法二、由“主线”确定主旨大意[典例](·湖北高考阅读理解C节选)We'vereachedastrange—somewouldsayunusual—point.WhilefightingworldhungercontinuestobethematterofvitalimportanceaccordingtoarecentreportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight,orsay,frombeingextremelyfat,thanfrombeingunderweight.It'sthegoodlifethat'smorelikelytokillusthesedays.Worse,nearly18millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworldareestimatedtobeoverweight.What'sgoingon?Wereallydon'thavemanyexcusesforourweightproblems.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic­healthcampaignssinceandthemessageisgettingthrough—uptoapoint.Inthe1970s,Finland,forexample,hadthehighestrateofheartdiseaseintheworldandbeingoverweightwasitsmaincause.Notanymore.Apublic­healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades.MaybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinFinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetweenand,anddoctorsevenoffersurgeryofremovingfatinsideandchangetheshapeofthebody.Thathasbecomeasortoffashion.Nowonderitranksastheworld'smostbody­consciouscountry.Weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight—butactuallydoingitisanothermatter.Byfarthemostpopularexcuseisnottakingenoughexercise.Morethanhalfofusadmitwelackwillpower.Othersblamegoodfood.Theysay:it'sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat.StillotherslaytheblameontheAmericans,complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchAmerican­stylefastfood.Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately,