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REGIONSInflationandconsumerpriceindexesinItalyCHAPTER

01OverviewAnnualinflationratesinG7countriesfrom2000to2023InflationratesinG7countries2000-2023CanadaFranceGermanyItalyUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesJapan10.0%8.0%6.0%4.0%2.0%0.0%-2.0%2000

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20233Description:Inflationratesroseallaroundtheworldin2022,soalsointheG7countries,whereinflationratesvariedfrom2.5percentinJapantoovereightpercentinItaly.Inflationratesincreasedsharplyallaroundtheworldthrough2022,spurredbyRussia'sinvasionofUkraineinFebruarythatyear.EspeciallygasandelectricitywerehitbypriceincreasesfollowingtheoutbreakoftheRussia-Ukrainewar.InflationrateswerefallinginallG7economiesexceptforJapanin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,UnitedKingdom,UnitedStates;2000to2023Source(s):OECDAnnualinflationrateoftheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)amonglargeeconomiesinWesternEuropefromJanuary2010toNovember2023CPIinflationrateamonglargeeconomiesinWesternEurope2010-2023UnitedKingdomFranceGermanyItalySpain14%12%10%8%6%4%2%0%-2%4Description:Since2021,thelargeeconomiesofWesternEuropehavebeenexperiencingasurgeininflation,withinflationreachingashighas11.84percentinItalyduringOctober2022.During2023therateofinflationinalltheseeconomieshasfallensignificantly,reachingaslowas0.67percentinItalyand3.17percentinGermany.Thisinflationaryepisodeisunderstoodbyeconomiststohavebeencausedbyseveralfactors,notablythesupplychainissuesduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,France,Germany,Italy,Spain,UnitedKingdom;January2010toNovember2023Source(s):OECDInflationrateinselectedEuropeancountriesinDecemberof2023(comparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationrateinEuropeancountriesDecember2023Inflationratecomparedtopreviousyear0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%EU27EuroareaTürkiye3.4%2.9%64.9%HungaryLatvia5.5%0.9%SerbiaCzechiaSlovakia7.5%7.6%6.6%Poland6.2%LithuaniaEstonia1.6%4.3%3.8%NorthMacedoniaRomania7%5Description:Inflationischaracterizedbyasteadyriseintheaggregatelevelofpricesinaneconomy-putintosimplerwords,itistheriseinallpricesintheeconomy,ratherthanjustinspecificpricesforgoodsorservices(suchaswhenthereisashortageinaparticulargood).Theconsumerpriceindextrackspricetrendsofprivateconsumptionexpenditure,andshowsanincreaseintheindex'scurrentlevelofinflation.InAprilof2023,theinflationrateinTürkiye(previouslyknownasTurkey)was43.7%[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;December2023;*e=estimatedHarmonizedindexofconsumerprice(HICP)-Allitems,2015=100NotseasonallyadjusteddataHarmonizedindicesofconsumerprices(HICPs)givecomparablemeasuresofinflationforthe[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatItaly:Inflationratefrom1989to2029(comparedtothepreviousyear)InflationrateinItaly202910.0%9.0%8.0%7.0%6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%-1.0%6Description:TheaverageinflationrateinItalywasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2029byintotal0.3percentagepoints.Theinflationisestimatedtoamounttotwopercentin2029.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;1989to2029;*Estimate.Thefigureshavebeenrounded.ReadmoreSource(s):IMFCHAPTER

02KeyinsightsoninflationinItalyMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItalyfromJanuary2020toJune2023MonthlyconsumerpriceindexinItaly2020-2023125120115110105119.3119.1118.1113110.3108.3105.6104.7104.1103.3102.9103102.7102.51008Description:InJune2023,theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItalystoodat119.7.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toJune2023Source(s):OECDPercentagechangeinconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItalyinOctober2021,bysectorPercentagechangeinconsumerpriceindexinItaly2021,byproductPercentagechangeinCPI0%

2%-4%-2%4%6%8%10%12%Utilities,water,energy,fuelTransportationGeneralindexAccommodationandgastronomyFurniture,itemsandservicesforhouseholdsFoodandbeveragesHealthservicesandspendingClothingandfootwearOthergoodsandservicesAlcoholandtobaccoRecreationalactivities,events,cultureEducationCommunication9Description:InOctober2021,Italy'sCPIincreasedby2.9percent.Thecategorycomprisingutilities,water,energy,andfuelrecordedthehighestgrowth,with9.9percent,followedbythetransportationsector.Bycontract,educationandcommunicationregisteredadecreaseinconsumerpriceindex..ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;October2021Source(s):IstatConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)ofnon-foodandnon-energyconsumergoodsinItalyfrom2010to2022Consumerpriceindexofnon-food&non-energygoodsinItaly2010-2022108106104106.8103.7102.9102.4101.8102101.2100.510099.4100989694929098.797.695.893.9201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202210Description:TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measuresthechangeinpriceofgoodsandserviceswithinacountry.InItaly,thepriceindexfornon-foodandnon-energyconsumergoodsreachedabout107in2022,whichisanincreaseofaboutthreepointscomparedtothepreviousyear.MostcountriesinEuropesawinflationratesincreaseconsiderablyafterthecoronaviruspandemicandamidtheRussia-Ukrainewar.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2010to2022Source(s):OECDTop-10Italianmunicipalitieswiththehighestinflationratein2023(whencomparedtothepreviousmonth)ConsumerPriceIndexgrowthinItaliancities20231.8%1.7%1.6%1.6%1.6%1.4%1.2%1.0%0.8%0.6%0.4%0.2%0.0%1.3%1.2%1%1%1%1%0.9%0.6%ItalyTriesteBolzanoPerugiaNaplesVenicePaduaMilanAostaBolognaRome11Description:DuringDecember2023,TriestewastheItalianmunicipalitywiththehighestConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)incrementoverthepricelevelsofthepreviousmonth,asagrowthofnearlytwopercentwasrecorded.BolzanoandPerugiafollowedwithanincreaseof1.6percent.InRomeandMilan,theonlytwocitieswithmorethanonemillioninhabitants,theCPIdidnotincreasesignificantly,asinflationraisedaroundonepercent.ApartfromPerugia,Naples,andRome,alltheotherseven[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;AsofDecember2023;Onlyaccountingforcitieswithover150,000inhabitantsSource(s):IstatAnnualvariationofinflationrateinFlorencein2023,bysectorChangeofinflationrateinFlorencein2023Annualvariationofinflationrate-20%Foodandnon-alcoholicbeverages-15%-10%-5%0%5%4%10%AlcoholicbeveragesandtobaccoClothingandfootwearHousing,water,electricityandfuelsFurnitureandhouseholdproductsHealthcare2%2.1%-17.4%2.9%1.7%Transports3.1%Communications-2.4%Leisure,liveshowsandcultureEducation0.5%2.3%HospitalityandfoodserviceOthergoodsandservices3.7%4.2%12Description:Comparedto2022,thecostoflivingintheFlorencemunicipalityhasincreasedin2023betweentwoandfourpercentformostsectors.Inparticular,food,hospitalityandfoodservicerecordedthehighestincrement.Onlyforleisureandculturalactivities,pricesremainedstable.Ontheotherhand,communicationsand,mostnotably,electricityandfuelcostssubstantiallyrecordeddeflationby2.4and17percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2023Source(s):ComunediFirenzeConsumerPricesIndex(CPI)inItalyin2021,byregionConsumerPricesIndexinItaly2021,byregionInflationrate020406080100120Trentino-SouthTyrolAbruzzo108105.8SicilyLiguriaCalabria105.7105.6105.3105.3105.2105.1104.9104.9104.6104.5104.4CampaniaFriuli-VeneziaGiuliaApuliaTuscanyEmilia-RomagnaUmbriaPiedmontVeneto13Description:In2021,theConsumerPriceIndexintheNorthItalianregionofTrentino-SouthTyrolwas108.Thenationaveragestoodat104.7.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2021Source(s):IstatMonthlyProducerPriceIndex(PPI)inItalyfromJanuary2020toDecember2023ProducerPriceIndexofItalianindustrysector2020-20231701601501401301201101009014Description:TheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)measuresthechangesofpricesfortheindustrialoutputofeconomicactivitiesconsideringdomesticandnon-domesticmarkets.InItaly,thePPIconstantlysoaredfromJanuary2021andpeakedattheendoftheyear,reachingover160pointsafterastablepatternthroughout2020.In2023,agradualdecreasestarted,butpricesforproducersremaineddecisivelyhighercomparedto2020.TheaugmentationofpricesontheItalianmarketofelectricityandgas[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toDecember2023Source(s):IstatCHAPTER

03FoodinflationMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofpasta,noodlesandcouscousinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023Monthlypasta,noodlesandcouscousconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2020-2023155145135125143.9142.2140.5139.7136.8133.2123.9118.3115107.9106.1105.7105.5105105.2103102.91059516Description:BetweenJanuary2020andMarch2023,themonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forpasta,noodlesandcouscousinItalyshowedanoverallincrease.ThemonthlyCPIisherecalculatedusingtheyear2015asthebase,thusequalto100.TheCPIforpasta,noodlesandcouscouspeakedat143.9inApril2023,beforedecreasingslightlyto139.7asofOctober2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023Source(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofbreadandcerealinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023Monthlybreadandcerealconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2020-2023130125120115110127.8127.2126.9123.9119.8116110.8106.5103.4103.210510095103102.9103.1102.7102.1101.917Description:BetweenJanuary2020andOctober2023,themonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forbreadandcerealsinItalyfluctuatedconsiderably.TheCPIforbreadandcerealspeakedat127.8inJuly2023,andreached127.2inOctober2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023Source(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofbeefandvealmeatinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023Monthlybeefandvealmeatconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2020-2023125120115110119.3118.6117.5116.6115112.1109.9107.3106.1105.5105.3105.2105.1104.9104.7104.510510018Description:BetweenJanuary2020andOctober2023,themonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forbeefandvealmeatinItalyincreasedconsiderably.ThemonthlyCPIisherecalculatedusingtheyear2015asthebase,thusequalto100.TheCPIforbeefandvealmeatpeakedat119.3inOctober2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023;*Indexvalue2015equals100.Theyear2015isthebaseyearusedtocalculatetheindexvalue.Thisindexiscalculatedtakingintoconsiderationtheentirepopulationpresentonthenationalterritory.It[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofreadymealsinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023MonthlyconsumerpriceindexofreadymealsinItaly2020-20231301251201151101051009519Description:BetweenJanuary2020andOctober2023,themonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forreadymealsinItalyshowedageneralgrowth.ThemonthlyCPIisherecalculatedusingtheyear2015asthebase,thusequalto100.TheCPIforbreadandcerealspeakedat127.8inAugust2023,beforedecreasingslightlyto124.6asofOtober2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023Source(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofcoffeeinItalyfromDecember2021toOctober2023Monthlycoffeeconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2021-2023113111109107111.8111.7111.3111.1111.1110.5110.3109.8109.5109.3107.8107106.1105.6105.2104.8104.210510310199103.2102.7100.9100.8100.598.7Dec9795JanFeb

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202320Description:BetweenDecember2021andOctober2023,themonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forcoffeeinItalyincreasedsteadily.ThemonthlyCPIisherecalculatedusingtheyear2015asthebase,thusequalto100.TheCPIforcoffeepeakedat111.8inAugust2023,beforedecreasingslightlyto110.5asofOctober2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;December2021toOctober2023Source(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofwineinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023Monthlywineconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2020-2023113111111.1109.7109.4109.2109107.4107.2106.9106.510710510310199105.5104.9103.9103.9103.6103.6103.2101.5979521Description:Themonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)forwineinItaly,wheretheyear2015equals100,showedsomefluctuationsbetweenJanuary2020andOctober2023.Itpeakedat111.4inAugust2023andreached109.7asofOctober2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023;*Indexvalue2015equals100.Theyear2015isthebaseyearusedtocalculatetheindexvalue.Thisindexiscalculatedtakingintoconsiderationtheentirepopulationpresentonthenationalterritory.It[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IstatMonthlyconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofalcoholicbeveragesandtobaccoinItalyfromJanuary2020toOctober2023Monthlyalcoholicbeverages&tobaccoconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inItaly2020-2023117.0116.0115.0114.0113.0112.0111.0115.5115.4115.2112.9112111.6110.5110.2110.1110.1110110109.9109.6110.0109.0108.0107.0109.4108.222Description:ThemonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)foralcoholicbeveragesandtobaccoinItaly,wheretheyear2015equals100,fluctuatedbetweenJanuary2020andOctober2023.AsofOctober2023,theCPIreached115.4,aslightdecreasecomparedtothepreviousmonth.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toOctober2023;*Indexvalue2015equals100.Theyear2015isthebaseyearusedtocalculatetheindexvalue.Thisindexiscalculatedtakingintoconsiderationtheentirepopulationpresentonthenationalterritory.It[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IstatCHAPTER

04OtherproductsandservicesHarmonizedindexofconsumerprices(HICP)energyinflationrateinItalyfromJanuary2019toFebruary2024,bycommodityEnergypriceinflationrateinItaly2019-2024,bycommodityEnergyGasLiquidfuelsElectricity250%200%150%100%50%0%-50%-100%24Description:TheinflationratesofenergycommoditypricesinItalybegantoincreasesignificantlyin2021andcontinuedthroughout2022.Electricityhasseenthesteepestrise,withtheinflationratereaching199percentinOctober2022.TheseincreasesininflationweredrivenfurtherbyRussia'sinvasionofUkraine,whichhascauseduncertaintyoverEurope'ssecurityofgassupply,aswellasintenseenergypricevolatility.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2019toFebruary2024Source(s):EurostatMonthlyConsumerPriceindex(CPI)changeofelectricityinItalyfromJanuary2020toMarch2024(whencomparedtothesameperiodofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationofelectricityinItaly2020-2024250%200%150%100%50%0%-50%-100%25Description:InItaly,electricitypricesrecordedadecisiveincreasefromMarch2021onward,afterhavingremainedstablethroughout2020.ThepeakwasreachedinOctober2022,whenthecostofelectricpowerwas200percenthigherthaninthesamemonthofthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toMarch2024;*Provisionaldata.Source(s):IstatMonthlyConsumerPriceindex(CPI)changeofnaturalgasandliquefiedhydrocarbonsinItalyfromJanuary2020toMarch2024(whencomparedtothesameperiodofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationofgasandLPGinItaly2020-2024100%80%60%40%20%0%-20%-40%-60%26Description:InItaly,gasandhydrocarbonspricesrecordedadecisiveincreasefromApril2021onward,afterhavingremainedstablethroughout2020.ThepeakwasreachedinNovember2022,whenthepriceofgasalmostdoubledcomparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toMarch2024;*Provisionaldata.ꢀSource(s):IstatMonthlyConsumerPriceindex(CPI)changeinthetransportsectorinItalyfromJanuary2020toMarch2024(whencomparedtothesameperiodofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationinthetransportsectorinItaly2020-202416%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%0%-2%-4%-6%27Description:TheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemicisevidentonpricesofthetransportsectorinItaly,whichrapidlydecreasedfromApril2020.During2021,theConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)steadilygrew,reachingthepeakinJuly2022whentravelrestrictionswerepermanentlylifted.Inthecourseof2023,CPIadjustedbetweenoneandfivepercent,settlingtopre-pandemiclevels.Overall,transportationrecordedarestrainedinflation.Thepricevolatilitywasmainlyduetoairtransport,whileother[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toMarch2024;*Provisionaldata.ReadmoreSource(s):IstatMonthlyConsumerPriceindex(CPI)ofeducationinItalyfromJanuary2020toMarch2024(whencomparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationofeducationinItaly2020-20243.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%-1.0%-2.0%-3.0%-4.0%-5.0%28Description:InItaly,theCOVID-19pandemicsignificantlyimpactedoneducationcosts.FromSeptember2020toSeptember2021,theConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)drasticallydropped-3.5percentcomparedtotheacademicyear2019/2020.Infact,expensesfortertiaryeducationmainlyaffectedthedeclineofinflation,asuniversitieshadtosuspendanyactivityoncampusfollowingthesecondinfectionwavebetween2020and2021.Astheemergencymeasureswerelifted,pricesprogressivelygrew,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toMarch2024;*Provisionaldata.ReadmoreSource(s):IstatMonthlyConsumerPriceindex(CPI)changeofleisureandcultureinItalyfromJanuary2020toMarch2024(whencomparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)MonthlyinflationofrecreationandcultureinItaly2020-20246.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%-1.0%-2.0%29Description:InItaly,leisureandculturecostsremainedstablefromJanuary2020toJune2022,withtheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)fluctuatingbetween-1.4and1.6percent.Startingfromthesummerof2022,apriceincreaseoccurreduptofivepercentcomparedtothesameperiodofthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2020toMarch2024;*Provisionaldata.ReadmoreSource(s):IstatConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)*ofhealthcareservicesandhealthspendinginItalyfromJanuary2019toFebruary2024MonthlyCPIofhealthcareservicesandhealthspendinginItaly2019-2024107.0106.0105.0104.0103.0102.0101.0100.0Jan

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Jan201920192019201920192019202020202020202020202020202120212021202120212021202220222022202220222022202320232023202320232023202430Description:ThemonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forhealthcareservicesandhealthspendingincreasedbetweenJanuary2019andFebruary2024inItaly.Infact,itstartedat100.7inJanuary2019anditwasequalto106.3fiveyearslater.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2019toFebruary2024;*Indexvalue2015equals100.Dateofreleaseisdateofaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):IstatCHAPTER

05ItaliancitizensandpriceincreasesPublicopinionontheanti-inflationpoliciespassedbytheItaliangovernmentin2023ConfidenceinthegovernmenttoaddressinflationinItaly2023Approve26%Disapprove52.3%Don'tknow/Noopinion21.7%32Description:Atthebeginningof2023,themajorityoftherespondentsconsideredthemeasuressanctionedbyGiorgiaMeloni'sgovernmentinsufficienttocombatinflationinItaly,andforprotectingthecitizensagainsttheincreasedcostsofelectricity,methane,andgasoline.Onthecontrary,onlyonefourthoftheItaliansbelievedthatthecabinetperformedwellinsecuringthemfromthehigherenergyprices,whereas22percentoftheintervieweesdidnotexpressanyjudgementontheexecutive.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;10January2023Source(s):EuromediaResearchOpinionaboutgovernmentalprioritiesfortheItalianpoliticalagendain2024Italiancitizens'opinionaboutthe2024politicalagendaShareofrespondents30%

40%0%10%20%50%60%70%80%80%90%InflationandlivingcostsHealthcare67%ReductionoffiscalpressureEmployment66%58%SecurityandpreventionofcrimeSchoolandeducation53%51%33Description:FouroutoffiveItaliansbelievethatthemostpressingissuetobeaddressedbypolicymakersfortheyear2024isthecostoflivingandtherisinginflation.Thestrongincrementofpriceswithoutanysalaryadjustmentincreasedthepopulation'sconcernsaboutworseningeconomicconditions.Secondly,about65percentofthecitizensdemandtothegovernmentmoreinvestmentsinthehealthcaresectorandtoreducefiscalpressure.Laborpolicieshavetobeenactedaccordingto60[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;January2024Source(s):InstitutoDemopolisChangeofgovernmentalprioritiesfortheItalianpoliticalagendabetween2019and2024Italiancitizens'opinionchangeaboutthepoliticalagendafrom2019to2024Shareofrespondents2019202440%0%10%20%18%30%50%60%70%80%90%InflationandlivingcostsHealthcare80%52%67%81%Employment58%70%Managementofimmigration40%34Description:Accordingto80percentofItalians,controlofinflationemergesasthemostseriousproblemthegovernmentmustdealwithin2024.However,in2019only18percentofthecitizensconsideredthissubjectcrucialforthenationalpoliticalagenda.Thisprovesthedetrimentalimpactthattheincreasedcostoflivinghasonthepopulation.Instead,inthepast,theyprioritizedemploymentandimmigrationpolicies.However,infiveyears,thesetwosubjectsconsiderablylosttheirpriorityforthe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2019to2024Source(s):InstitutoDemopolisConsequencesofinflationonconsumptionhabitsofItalianhouseholdsin2023EffectofinflationonItalians'consumptionhabits2023Shareofrespondents20%0%10%30%40%50%60%57%ReductionofshoppingReductionofelectricityconsumptionReductionofleisure/culturalspendingReductionofgasconsumptionReductionofsavings53%51%44%42%41%PostponedpurchaseofluxurygoodsReductionofgroceryshoppingNothingchanged35%9%35Description:InflationisperceivedasacriticalproblembythevastmajorityofItalians,asonlyninepercentofthepopulationbelievesthatthisphenomenondidnotimpacttheirlives.Therefore,citizenswereforcedtochangetheireverydayconsumptioncustoms.In2023,60percentoftheintervieweesreducedtheirshoppingexpensesduetotheincreaseinpricesandhalfoftherespondentsdecidedtocuttheelectricityconsumption.Culturalandleisureactivitiesweredirectlyaffectedbyinflationtoo,as[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;July2023;800respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):IpsosConsequencesofinflationonconsumptionhabitsofItalianhouseholdsin2023,bysocialclassEffectofinflationonItalians'consumptionhabits2023,bysocialclassShareofrespondentsLowermiddle-classWorkingclass20%Middle-class40%0%10%30%50%60%70%80%74%ReductionofshoppingReductionofelectricityconsumptionReductionofleisure/culturalspendingReductionofgasconsumptionReductionofsavings64%40%37%71%57%59%66%33%32%56%49%53%49%51%26%PostponedpurchaseofluxurygoodsReductionofgroceryshoppingNothingchanged47%29%61%38%15%0%4%21%36Description:In2023,inflationseverelyimpactedonItaliansbelongingtothelowermiddle-classandtotheworkingclass.Almosthalfofthelowermiddle-classmembersreducedspendingonshopping,energyandleisure.Themajorityoftheunderclassindividualsmoreevidentlyadoptednewpurchasingpractices.Morethan70percentofthecitizensdiminishedunnecessaryshoppingandlimitedenergyconsumption,while,surprisingly,60percentofthemcur