2021-2022学年新教材高中英语Unit1FoodmattersS3课后练习（含解析）译林版选择性

Unit1FoodmattersS3Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Thesecondprincipleisto__________(放松)thecontrolthatprovidersofonlineserviceshaveoverdata.2.InordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTang__________(王朝)beforeclass.3.Astheirworld__________(发展),childrenparedthemselvestoothersonline.(2018·江苏)4.__________(数量多的)genesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.(2020·江苏)5.Itwas__________(清楚的)toeveryonethatshewasnothappy.6.Withthehelpof__________(厨师)MattTebbutt,sheofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste.(2018·全国Ⅰ)7.CallLost__________(财产)on131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.(2020·全国Ⅰ)8.Beingoutgoingandhelpful,Iamconfidentthatvolunteeringisan__________(合适的)jobtome.(2019·全国Ⅰ)9.Someanalysts__________(估计)thatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.(2018·天津)10.Itisan__________(必不可少的)partofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbee.(2018·天津)Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Theyneededtotakeintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,__________(damp)ofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).(2019·浙江6月)2.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthe__________(fog)northerncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountains.(2019·浙江6月)3.Handingout__________(slice)orangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.(2019·全国Ⅱ)4.Boththesizeand__________(consume)habitsofoureatingpanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)5.Intheageofglobalpetition,design__________(innovate)isvital.6.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits__________(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).(2018·全国Ⅲ)7.Hefellbehind,sohehadto__________(quick)uphispacetocatchupwithus.8.We__________(instant)steppedawayandranasfastaswecouldtothehelicopter.(2020·浙江7月)9.Wilsonhashad__________(count)pleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.(2019·北京)10.Theyhave__________(traditional)livedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Ⅲ.用合适的介词或副词填空1.Ittookalongtimetoheat__________thestove.2.Wefoundthattheleastwell­likedteenshadbeemoreaggressive__________timetowardstheirclassmates.(2019·全国Ⅰ)3.Heappealed__________otherleaderstodonatetothecause.4.Doyouprefertosocialize__________friendswhosmoke?5.Abrandstorehasbeefamous__________itsdistinctivescent.6.Oneagentremendedahouse__________particular.7.Suchabeautyis,tomymind,__________equalallovertheworld.8.Hecameinandtook__________hiscoat.9.Therewasavariety__________vegetablesforustochoosefrom.(2020·全国Ⅱ)10.Gotothegovernmentwebsitetohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyear__________.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Ⅳ.完成句子1.他们现在的生意几乎是去年的两倍。Theyarenowdoingalmosttwice_________________________________lastyear.2.我们的城市变得越来越干净。Ourcitybees________________________________.3.据估计那些花瓶每个价值都超过2万元。Thevases________________________________worthover$20，000each.4.这家商店与众不同之处是它提供更多的个人服务。Whatmakesthisshopdifferentis________________________________.5.据估计，他们能在一周内给我们答复。______________________theycangiveustheiranswerswithinaweek.【答案】1.asmuchbusinessastheywere2.cleanerandcleaner3.arebelievedtobe4.thatitoffersmorepersonalservices5.ItisestimatedthatⅤ.阅读理解A(2020·江苏盐城高二下学期调研考试)Nanjingiswell­knownforitssleepytree­linedstreets,lakesideparksandlargeamountofgreenspacesonandaroundPurpleMountain.Butjusta45­minutebusridesouthtothecountyofLishui,visitorswillbesurroundedbymountainsfulloftealeafplantsandstrawberryfields.ThestrawberryfieldsareconcentratedinavalleyamongLishui'smountainscalledtheFujiabianStrawberryFields.Theteaandstrawberrypickingareaisgreatforafunfamilyday­tripwiththekids.Afterover10yearsofJiangnanrain,sunandhumidity(湿度),thefieldsofgreenhouseshavefirmlytakenroot.Lishuiholdsannualstrawberryfestivalstypicallyfromaroundmid­FebruaryuntiltheendofApril,thoughtheweathercanbeabitcoldandthefruitisnotyetripearoundthistime.ThebesttimetogoislateAprilandearlyMay,whenthestrawberriesareripebutthetemperatureinsidethegreenhousesisnotyetsweltering.IfyougofromJunetoAugust,thetemperaturewillbearound35degreesCelsiusinsidethegreenhouse.Allofthestrawberrygreenhousesarelocallyrunandopentothepublic.Ownersofmostgreenhouseswillgivestrawberrypickersamanageableboxwithhandlestofillwithstrawberries.Whenguestsarefinishedpickingberries,theboxisweighedandpaidforbyweight.Afullboxoffreshstrawberrieswillrunyouabout25－30RMB.Localfarmershavesetupmanysmallhome­cookingstylehallsandcafesbothonthemountainsideandamongthestrawberryfields.OneofthebestpartsofcountrysidetripsisalwaysthelocalfoodandthisareaofJiangsuisboundtoservelocalriverlong­fish,thebaseofyoungbambooplants,localpig'slegandstrawberryjuice.Cafesonthemountainwillalsoservethelocallygrownandfreshpickedtea.Add:FujiabianStrawberryFields,LishuiCounty,DajinshanScenicArea,NanjingOpeningtimes:Daylighthours,mid­FebruarythroughOctoberPrice:TicketstoFujiabianStrawberryGardencost22RMB.Gettingthere:FromZhonghuamensubwaystation,takeabustoLishui.Thebusticketcosts14RMB.TherearemanydriverswhowilltakeyoutoFujiabianStrawberryGardenfor5RMB.1.WhichofthefollowingislesswellknowninNanjing?A.Parksonthelakeside.B.Streetswithsleepytreesonbothsides.C.Ruralfarmingareas.D.GreenspacesaroundPurpleMountain.2.HowmuchshouldyouatleastpayfortwofullboxesoffreshstrawberriesifyoulivebesideZhonghuamensubwaystation?A.72RMB.B.88RMB.C.91RMB.D.110RMB.3.Visitorsaredefinitelyinterestedinthe________inthesmallhome­cookingstyle.A.localfoodB.thoughtfulservicesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.advancedmanagement【答案及解析】这是江苏省溧水傅家边草莓园的一个推销广告。1．C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，A、B、D三项都是非常著名的。2．D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，一箱新鲜草莓至少需要25元；另外，从中华门动身的车费是：公交车14元，打的5元；另外还有22元的门票。注意：车费是往返的。3．A细节理解题。根据第四段的Oneofthebestpartsofcountrysidetripsisalwaysthelocalfood可知答案。BABritishfriendtoldmehecouldn'tunderstandwhyChinesepeopleloveeatingsunflowerseeds(葵花子)asasnacksomuch.“I'vemetalotofolderChineseandmanyhaveacrackintheirfrontteeth;Ibelievethat'sfromcrackingtheseeds，”hesaid.Ihadnevernoticedthehabit,butoncehementionedit,Isuddenlybecamemoreaware.IrealizedthatwheneverI'mwatchingTVortypingareport,Ialwaysstartmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.Myfrienddoesn'tlikesunflowerseeds,and,tohim,itseemsunnecessarytoworksohardjusttogetonesmallseed.Whenwewereyoung,thewholefamilywouldusuallygettogetherforChineseNewYear.Then,wealllivedclosetooneanother,usuallyinasmallcity,andsometimesevenneighborswouldgodoor­to­dooronChineseNewYear'sEvetocheckoutwhateveryhouseholdwasmaking.Iremembermyparentswouldbeinthekitchencooking.Inthelivingroom,alargetablewouldalreadybelaidout,pletewithafancytablecloth,ready­madedumplingfillings,anddishesfullofcandy,fruitsandsunflowerseeds.Someofthedishesweretobeofferedtoourancestorslater,whileotherswereforneighborsandchildrentoeatbeforetheeveningfeast.Imusthavelearnedhowtocracksunflowerseedsbackthen.Idon'tthinkit'srighttocriticizeone'schoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.It'snotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinstheirbreath.Theythinkit'sadelicacy,andit'sconnectedwiththeirculture.Ithinkit'sawonderfultradition.4.Whatdidthewriterbeeawareof?A.Shehadevertypedareportaboutseeds.B.SheatevarioussnackswhilewatchingTV.C.Shehasahabitofcrackingsunflowerseeds.D.Shedamagedherteethbyeatingsunflowerseeds.5.WhatdoesthewriterprovebymentioningChineseNewYear?A.Thetraditionsofcelebratingitdisappear.B.Childrencaneatdeliciousfoodonthatday.C.Thefamilieswouldgettogetherforit.D.Eatingsunflowerseedsisrelatedtoit.6.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoDenmark'swayofeatingbread?A.Acceptable.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Doubtful.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Onekindoffooddoesn'tnecessarilysuiteveryone.B.Eatinghabitsefromacertainculture.C.Itisgoodtoformhealthyeatinghabits.D.Changingyoureatinghabitswillchangeyourlife.【答案及解析】直到作者的英国朋友提到中国人都爱嗑瓜子，作者才意识到自己也是如此。作者把这个习惯归结于中国春节文化，就像丹麦人吃面包喜欢加咸红鱼，每一个饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关。4．C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ihadnevernoticedthehabit…startmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.”可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，故选C。5．D推理判断题。根据第四、第五段内容可知，新年的时候会有很多美食，一些是供给祖先的，还有一些是给邻居和小孩在晚餐前吃的，其中含有瓜子，作者因此学会了嗑瓜子，可见作者嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选D。6．A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ithinkit'sawonderfultradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是一个很棒的传统，可见作者接受这种吃法，故选A。7．B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theythinkit'sadelicacy，andit'sconnectedwiththeirculture.”可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的，这和他们的文化有关，正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关一样，每一种饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关，故选B。Ⅵ.完形填空Foodhasalwaysbeenoneofthegreatestwantsofhumankind.Thesearchforfoodisthe__1__humanbehavior.Thus,__2__foodwereeasiertogetandprepare,itwouldbereallyhelpfulforhumankind.Itwouldreduceagreatburden(负担).Thedevelopmentofprocessedfoods(加工食品)hasmadefoodeasiertogetandprepare.__3__everycoinhastwosides.Apartfromitsadvantages,the__4__ofcookingalsohasitsdisadvantages.Thoughprocessedfoodsseemlikeagreatwaytosave__5__，theyoffermuchlessnutritional(营养的)valuethantraditionalfoods.Peopletodayaresobusythattheyarenotabletospendenoughtimepreparingtheirfood.Asaresult,manypeople__6__toeatprocessedfoods,ready­to­cookmealsandvariousfastfoods.Butwhatwill__7__ifoneeatssuchfoodallyearround?Itwilldamageyourhealth.Thenutritionalvalueofthefoodisnotsohigh.Worsestill,researchshowsthatpreservatives(防腐剂)usedinthesefoodsare__8__tochildren.That'swhyhealthexpertswarnpeoplenottoeattoomuchofsuch__9__food.Besides,sincepeoplespendlittletimepreparingfood,thecultureofcookingisslowly__10__.Cookingisnotdonejusttosatisfyhunger；itisalsoa(n)__11__formofart.Acrosstheworld,therearethousandsof__12__cookingstyles.Ifyoungpeopleareusedtoprocessedfoods,fewofthemwilldevelopgreatcooking__13__.Andwhentheybeeparents,itwillbehardfortheirchildrentoenjoya(n)__14__home­cookedmeal.What'smore,cookingisagreattimeforfamiliestoconnect.Thereisalotof__15__whenfamilymembersarepreparingfoodtogether.Inaword,Ibelievethoughprocessedfoodhasmadethepreparationoffoodmucheasier,ithasnotbeenagoodstepforhumankind.1.A.specialB.basicC.rightD.valuable2.A.thoughB.beforeC.ifD.unless3.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.Or4.A.easinessB.safetyC.methodD.difficulty5.A.energyB.foodC.moneyD.time6.A.chooseB.dislikeC.refuseD.stop7.A.changeB.happenC.getD.offer8.A.harmfulB.uselessC.meaningfulD.necessary9.A.coldB.sweetC.unhealthyD.hot10.A.varyingB.dyingC.appearingD.developing11.A.importantB.famousC.simpleD.new12.A.regularB.ordinaryC.differentD.similar13.A.knowledgeB.lessonsC.interestsD.skills14.A.deliciousB.cleanC.expensiveD.cheap15.A.successB.workC.progressD.fun【答案及解析】本文是一篇议论文。加工食物虽然省时省力，但是有害健康。1．B根据上一句中的“Foodhasalwaysbeenoneofthegreatestwantsofhumankind.”可知，食物是人类的“基本(basic)”需求。2．C如果食物更容易获得和准备，它将真正有助于人类。3．C上文中的“Itwouldreduceagreatburden(负担)．”与下文中的“cookingalsohasitsdisadvantages”是转折关系，故用“但是(But)”。4．A根据上文中的“foodwereeasiertoget”可知，烹饪的“容易(easiness)”也有缺点。5．D由常识可知，食用加工食物省“时间(time)”。6．A根据文中的“theyarenotabletospendenoughtimepreparingtheirfood”可知，现在的人忙得没时间做饭，所以他们“选择(choose)”加工食物。7．B根据下文中的“ifoneeatssuchfoodallyearround”可知，常年吃加工食物会“发生(happen)”什么呢？8．A见下题解析。9．C根据文中的“healthexpertswarnpeoplenottoeat”可知，防腐剂对儿童是“有害的(harmful)”，所以专家警告人们不要过多摄入这些“不健康的(unhealthy)”食物。10．B根据文中的“cultureofcooking”可知，人们花很少的时间准备食物，所以饮食文化会慢慢“消失(dying)”。11．A根据上文中的“Cookingisnotdonejusttosatisfyhunger”可知，饮食是一种“重要的(important)”艺术形式。12．C根据上文中的“Acrosstheworld，therearethousandsof”可知，全世界有很多“不同的(different)”烹饪方式。13．D见下题解析。14．A根据上文中的“youngpeopleareusedtoprocessedfoods”可知，如果年轻人都习惯吃加工食物，就很少有人会提高他们的烹饪“技巧(skills)”，当他们为人父母的时候就很难给孩子做一顿“可口的(delicious)”饭菜。15．D根据上文中的“cookingisagreattimeforfamiliestoconnect”可知，烹饪是一个很好的家庭交流的机会，所以很“有趣(fun)”。Ⅶ.语法填空(2020·湖南十二校高二下学期期中)It1.__________(debate)foryears:Areeggsgoodorbadforyou?Peoplewhoeatanaddedthreeorfoureggsaweekor300milligramsofdietarycholesterol(胆固醇)perday,haveahigherriskofbothheartdiseaseandearlydeathparedwiththosewhoeat2.__________(few)eggs,newresearchfinds.“Eggs,3.__________(special)theyolk,areamajorsourceofdietarycholesterol，”wroteVictorZhong.In4.__________studypublishedFridayinthemedicaljournalJAMA5.__________therearemanyunexpectedreports,heandhiscolleaguesnotedthatasinglelargeeggcontainsabout186milligramsofcholesterol.Overthefollow­upperiod,atotalof5，600cardiovascular(心血管的)6.__________(event)occurred,including1，302fatalandnonfatalstrokes,1，897incidentsoffatalandnonfatalheart7.__________(fail)and113otherheartdiseasedeaths.Anadditional6，132participantsdiedofothercauses.8.__________(consume)anadditional300milligramsofdietarycholesterolperdaywasassociated9.__________a3.2%higherriskofheartdiseaseanda6.6%higherriskofearlydeath,Zhong'sanalysisofthedatashowed.“Eggsareanutritiousfood.Whilethisstudyfocusesontheamountwe'reeating,it'sjustasimportant10.__________(pay)attentiontohowtheeggsarecookedandtothetrimmingsthatewiththem，”saidTaylor,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.【答案及解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，与少吃鸡蛋的人相比，每周多吃三四个鸡蛋或每天摄入300毫克胆固醇的人患心脏病和早亡的风险更高。1．hasbeendebated考查动词时态。由formanyyears可知本句应用现在完成时，单数主语it与谓语debate构成被动，故填现在完成时被动语态hasbeendebated。2．fewer考查形容词比较级。本句与上文的higher构成对应关系，故此处也需要形容词比较级，故填fewer。3．specially考查副词。此处表示“特别；尤其”，故填specially。4．a考查冠词。study作“研究”讲时为可数名词，此处泛指“在一项研究中”应用不定冠词，故填a。5．where考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词medicaljournalJAMA且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。6．events考查名词的数。event为可数名词，由5600修饰，故用复数形式events。7．failure考查名词。此处表示“心脏衰竭”，用名词形式，故填failure。8．Consuming考查非谓语动词。本句为动名词短语作主语，表示“每天多摄入300毫克的胆固醇”，故填Consuming。9．with考查介词。固定短语beassociatedwith“与……有关联”，故填介词with。10．topay考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故pay只能作非谓语动词，表目的用动词不定式，故填topay。Ⅷ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whetherwenoticeitornot,ourchildisalittlereflectionofourselves.Theygrowuplookingmoreandmorelikeus.Theyevenhavesimilarpersonalitiesandhobbies.Andinsomecases,thestandardofchoosingagoodfriend.Oneday,my10­year­oldJanesaid,“Mom,Imadeanewfriendatschooltoday.Cansheeovertomorrow？”HerwordsmademeextremelyhappybecauseJanewasashygirlandIwantedhertomakesomefriendstobringheroutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat，”Isaid,thinkingbacktomyownchildhoodbestfriend,Susan.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshyandhadtroublemakingfriends.ButSusandrewmeout.Shewasoneofthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile­widesmile.ThankstoSusan,Iwashappyeveryday.Inseniorhighschool,SusanwentonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasthefirsttimewehadtobeawayfromeachotherforafewdays.“I'llbebacksoonandIwillwritetoyouassoonasIarrive，”Shetoldme.ButIdidn'tgetherphonecallnorreceiveanymailfromher.Soon,myfamilymovedtoNewJersey,makingmyhopeofseeingSusanimpossible.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintomyeyes.ThenextdayJanebroughthernewfriendhome.“Hi,Mrs.Smith，”thelittlegirlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyandblackandshegavemeabigsmile.“MynameisJo.M