高考英语新设计一轮复习重大讲义循序写作层二词靓句高赢高分-营造亮点有一套（安排9个学案）

层级二词靓句高赢高分——“营造亮点”有一套(安排9个学案)阅卷时，一篇高考作文往往在1分钟内就被判定生死，大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。在词汇方面：如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，阅卷老师的给分也绝不会吝啬；在句式方面：如果考生多运用一些并列句和复合句等高级句式，并注意句式的灵活多变，使文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，阅卷老师一定会毫不犹豫地将你的作文定位于五档线。学案(一)不落俗套的亮点词汇写作最基本的要求是考查考生遣词造句的能力，遣词的原则是表达准确、地道自然、生动形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本词汇的基础上，能够将一些常用词汇进行升华，就将成为高考作文获得高分的亮点之一。一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法1．“语”众不同，避免人云亦云写作时，恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。①Afterthefilm,eachclassissupposedtohaveadiscussionandallthestudentsarewelcometotalkandexpresstheirviewsaboutthefilm.→Afterthefilm,eachclassissupposedtohaveadiscussionandallthestudentsarewelcometomakecommentsandexpresstheirviewsaboutthefilm.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)②IamverygladtoknowyouareinterestedinTangpoems.→IammorethandelightedtoknowyouareinterestedinTangpoems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)2．更新换代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。①Theteamwillholdmanyactivities,someofwhichwillappealtoyou,includingmanymatches.→Theteamwillholdarangeofactivities,someofwhichwillappealtoyou,includingmanymatches.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)②We’vebuiltanewexperimentbuildingbesidetheoldoneandwe’vealsobuiltalibrarywheretheoldplaygroundusedtobe.→We’vebuiltanewexperimentbuildingbesidetheoldoneandwe’vealsosetupalibrarywheretheoldplaygroundusedtobe.3．单词与短语巧妙互用一般情况下短语优先，应多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。①I’vedecidedtoteachyouTangpoetryinRoom101Building1at8：00amonWednesday,whichwilllasttwohours.→I’vemadeupmymindtoteachyouTangpoetryinRoom101Building1at8：00amonWednesday,whichwilllasttwohours.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)②Weshouldtrytoimproveourselvesthroughlearningandprepareforthefuture.→Weshouldtakepainstoimproveourselvesthroughlearningandgetpreparedforthefuture.(2015·福建高考书面表达)③Wecanlookatthisprobleminmanyways.→Wecanviewthisprobleminmanyways.(view比lookat更有“内涵”)4．用高年级学到的词汇代替低年级学到的词汇为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，应避免反复使用初中或小学阶段学过的词汇，尽量用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。①Second,Iamtryingmybesttoacquiretheessentialknowledgeandskillsconcerningmyposition.→Second,Iamsparingnoeffortstoacquiretheessentialknowledgeandskillsconcerningmyposition.(2017·天津高考书面表达)②IshouldsaysorryforbeingunabletogotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.→IshouldoweyouanapologyforbeingunabletogotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)二、使用亮点词汇的2点注意1．注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间；另外，很多背到的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，我们要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮词妙语而不用。这是一种懒惰的表现。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如“attractive”或“charming”等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用“difficult”，那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢？2．注意亮点词汇使用的场合写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说，一篇文章能用好三五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”，减少错误，特提醒同学们在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则，并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇，例如：一大早我们买了些圣诞礼物。EarlyinthemorningwepurchasedsomeChristmaspresents.(purchased太过于书面化，改为bought更地道)三、高分必备的24个亮点词汇名词普通词汇高级词汇普通词汇高级词汇chanceopportunitychoicealternativeideaopinionpeopleindividualsresultconsequenceeffectinfluence动词havepossessreplacesubstitutebearputupwithunderstandmakesenseofdeveloppromoteconsidertakeintoaccount形容词enoughadequaterichabundantproperappropriateimportantvital/significantinterestingabsorbing/appealingdifficultchallenging副词finallyeventuallyhardlybarelyimmediatelyinaflashnowadayscurrently连词sothereforeandaswellas①That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetterchoice.→That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetteralternative.(2017·北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。②Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbedifficult.→Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallenging.在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性。更多高级写作词汇请参考“附录三：写作常用的4组高级写作词汇”[综合演练提能]Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So,pleasespendsometimetakingabrieflookatthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,whichwillhelpyouprepareforyourclass.Therefore;_make_preparations_for2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Thecraftsmenwillshowvisitorshowtocutpaperintodifferentshapesonthespot.various/a_range_of3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Ourclassthoughtoftheideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.came_up_with4．(2016·四川高考书面表达)Thereasonsarethefollowing.as_follows5．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)Atthesametime,Idecidedtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings.made_up_my_mind6．Developingveryquickly,theInternetcausesthebreakdownofface­to­facecommunication.gives_rise_to7．Developingagoodhabitisalsoveryimportant.of_great_importance8．Wouldyoupleasehelpmetoturndowntheradio？do_me_a_favor9．Theteacherdirectedthegiftedstudentstowardsthemoredifficultcourses.challenging10．We’lltryourbesttodevelopthetraditionalfriendshipbetweenmoteⅡ.请用高级词汇提升下面的考生作文(2019·厦门一中热身训练)假如你是中学生李明，家住泉州。你的英国笔友Jason来信谈到了他的故乡London，并希望了解你家乡泉州的情况。请你用英文写一封回信。回信必须包括以下内容：1．自然情况：地理位置优越、气候风景宜人等；2．发展成就：经济发展迅速、城市高楼林立等；3．存在问题：交通拥堵现象、空气污染问题等；4．对泉州发展的看法：内容由考生自己拟定。注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息；2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3．词数100左右；书信格式已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：高层建筑high­risebuildingDearJason，Yours，LiMing[考生作文]DearJason，I’m①veryhappytohearfromyouandknowaboutyourbeautifulhomecityLondon.NowI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyhometownQuanzhou.Quanzhouisabeautifulplaceforpeopletolivein.Itseconomyhasbeendeveloping②fastduringthepasttenyears.Newbridgesandroadshavebeen③built,high­risebuildingsstandinginmanypartsofthecity.④Moreandmoreschoolsandhospitalsare⑤usefulforthenativepeople.Itisdevelopingintoamodernand⑥beautifulcity.⑦Buttherearestillsomeproblems,suchasheavytrafficinrushhoursand⑧seriousairpollution,whichhaveabad⑨effectonpeople’sdailylife.⑩IthinkQuanzhoushoulddevelophealthilyandscientifically,sothatwecouldhaveabetterhometowninfuture.Yours，LiMing[升格作文]DearJason，I’m①more_thanhappytohearfromyouandknowaboutyourbeautifulhomecityLondon.NowI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyhometownQuanzhou.Quanzhouisabeautifulplaceforpeopletolivein.Itseconomyhasbeendeveloping②rapidlyduringthepasttenyears.Newbridgesandroadshavebeen③set_up,_high­risebuildingsstandinginmanypartsofthecity.④An_increasing_number_ofschoolsandhospitalsare⑤availableforthenativepeople.Itisdevelopingintoamodernand⑥attractive/charmingcity.⑦However,_therearestillsomeproblems,suchasheavytrafficinrushhoursand⑧severeairpollution,whichhaveabad⑨influence/impactonpeople’sdailylife.⑩In_my_opinion/As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_Quanzhoushoulddevelophealthilyandscientifically,sothatwecouldhaveabetterhometowninfuture.Yours，LiMing学案(二)整齐和谐的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。eq\a\vs4\al(一、常见并列句的类型及并列连词)类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and,both...and...,notonly...but(also)...,neither...nor...转折关系but,yet,whereas选择关系or,otherwise,orelse,either...or...,not...but...因果关系for,so,therefore,thus对比关系while①Afterbreakfast,IwenttohelpAuntTinafeedthechickens,whilemydadwentwithUnclePaultotakethesheepouttograze(吃草)．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)早餐后，我去帮助蒂娜阿姨喂鸡，而我爸爸和保罗叔叔一起去把羊赶出去吃草。②Theteamwillholdarangeofactivities,andsomeworld­famousplayerswillbeinvitedtogivelessons.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)球队将举行一系列活动，一些世界著名的球员会被邀请来上课。[即时演练]用适当的并列连词填空1．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)First,myEnglishisverygoodandI’mopen­mindedandwarm­hearted,soI’mgettingalongwellwitheveryone.2．Somechoosetoavoidthemwhileothersdecidetodealwiththem.3．Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.eq\a\vs4\al(二、并列句的常用句型)1．both...and...既……又……OntheInternet,peoplecanseekinformationabouttheirfavoritestarsandbuyticketsatadiscountaswell,whichisbothtime­savingandeconomical.在互联网上，人们可以搜索他们最喜欢的明星的信息，也可以打折买票，既省时又省钱。2．either...or...或者……或者……；不是……就是……Ifyou’reinterestedinit,youmayeithersendanemailto123456@orsignupinperson.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至123456@或亲自报名。3．neither...nor...既不……也不……Inautumn,it’sneithertoohotnortoocold.秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。4．notonly...but(also)...不仅……而且……Notonlywillallkindsofpaper­cuttingworksbeondisplay,butalsothecraftsmenwillshowvisitorshowtocutpaperintodifferentshapesonthespot.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)不仅各种剪纸作品将展出，工匠们还会在现场向参观者展示如何将纸张裁成不同的形状。5．not...but...不是……，而是……Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedothatbenefitsourworkmost.对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们把多少爱投入进去。6．...while/whereas……而，……却Itisbeneficialtosomepeople,whileitputsothersintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)这有利于一些人，然而却使他人陷入是否投票的困境。7．祈使句/名词词组＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)Keepitinmindandgraduallywecangainthisgoodlearninghabitandbenefitfromit.记住它，逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more,another等词)Anothertry,andyou’llachievesuccess.再试一次，你就会取得成功。(3)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句Hurryup,or/otherwiseyouwillbelate.快点，否则你会迟到的。(4)名词词组＋or/otherwise＋陈述句Morehealthyfood,oryou’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。8．...when...……这时……(1)sb.wasdoingsth.when...某人正在做某事，这时……Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。(2)sb.wasabouttodosth.when...某人正要做某事，这时……Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitbegantorain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。(3)sb.hadjustdonesth.when...某人刚做完某事，这时……Ihadjustfinishedsweepingthefloorwhenthetelephonerang.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。(4)sb.wasonthepointofdoingsth.when...某人正要做某事这时……Hewasonthepointofgivingupwhenhisfathertoldhimthegoodnews.他正要放弃，这时他的父亲告诉他这个好消息。[即时演练]用并列句补全句子1．他刚要走就有人敲门。Hewasonthepointofleavingwhen_someone_knocked_at_the_door.2．你不但要和他们分享你的学习经验，而且一定要向他们敞开心扉。Not_only_should_you_share_your_study_experience_withthem,but_(also)youmustkeepyourheartopentothem.3．是你所说的话而不是你所做的事使你的同学感到生气。It_is_not_what_you_had_done_but_what_you_had_saidthatannoyedyourclassmates.[综合演练提能]Ⅰ.用适当的并列连词填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not_onlywillallkindsofpaper­cuttingworkscreatedbyfamousartistsofthisfieldbeonshowthatday,but_(also)alotofusefulandinterestingactivitieswillbeheldaswell.2．Seizethechance,or/or_else/otherwiseyou’llregretsomeday.3．GivemeachanceandIwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.4．Theyoungmanwantedtohelpthedog,butasheapproached,thedogstartedtobark.5．About9：00lastnight,Iwasbusypreparingformytomorrow’stestwhensuddenlyloudnoisescameintomyroom.6．Somepeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealthwhileothersconsideritishelpfulreducingworkingpressure.Ⅱ.用并列句补全句子1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)因此，如果你努力学习的话，展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术，而且可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。Therefore,theexhibitioncan_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinesefolkart,but_can_also_help_you_acquiresomepaper­cuttingskillsifyoutryhardtolearn.2．(2015·四川高考)事实上，我不喜欢去，但是我害怕失去他们的友谊。Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,but_I’m_afraid_I’ll_lose_their_friendship.3．因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。So,fromnowon,let’snot_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_buthaveaheart­to­heartchatwithourparentsonceinawhile.4．你必须让开路，否则卡车无法通过。Youhavetomoveoutofthewayor_the_truck_cannot_get_past_you.Ⅲ.请按以下内容要点写一封电子邮件，尽可能多地使用并列句假如你是李华。某国际学生杂志邀请你在“国际交换生项目”专栏中分享你作为国际交换生的经历。请给该栏目编辑写封邮件，内容包括：1．遭遇的困难；2．问题的解决；3．你的感想。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Deareditor,Lastyear,IwenttoEnglandforastudentexchangeprogramme.Yours，LiHua参考范文：Deareditor，Lastyear,IwenttoEnglandforastudentexchangeprogramme.BeforeIwent,IwasquiteproudofmyEnglish,buteveryoneinEnglandspokesofastthatIcouldn’tmakeoutwhattheyweresaying.BeinginacompletelydifferentculturewasscaringandIevenwantedtogostraightbackhome.Butthingssoongotbetterandbetter.Thehomestayfamilywasnotonlyverykind，butalsotheboythatIwasstayingwithwaskeenonfootball,whichmademystaymoreenjoyableandstress­free.Besides,IdevelopedaninterestinEnglishcookingandIatepastaandinternationalfoodjustasIdoathome!BeinganexchangestudentnotonlyoffersmeachancetoimprovemyEnglishbutalsomakesmelearnmoreabouttheforeigncultureandpeople.ThebestpartofallisknowingthatIcouldcope,eveninsuchadifficultsituation.Yours，LiHua学案(三)富有文采的状语从句状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果九类从句。eq\a\vs4\al(一、常见状语从句的类型及连词)状语从句连词时间when,whenever,as,while,(ever)since,before,after,till,until,assoonas,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,scarcely...when...,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theday,immediately地点where,wherever条件if,unless,providing/provided(that),supposing/suppose(that),given(that),aslongas,solongas,oncondition(that),incase,onlyif原因because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat让步though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,while,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however,nomatter＋疑问词，whether...or(not)...比较as,than,thesameas,notso...as...,as...as...方式asif,asthough,as目的inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear(that),lest结果sothat,so...that...,such...that...SinceyouhavelongbeeninterestedinChineseculture,IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.(2018·北京高考书面表达)因为你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言文化大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。[即时演练]用状语从句补全句子1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)如果你能成为我们组的一员，那就更好了，这样我们就可以一起工作并展示你的才华了。Itcan’tbebetterifwecanhaveyouasourmember,so_that_we_can_work_together_and_show_your_talent.2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我都在读书，但为了提高自己，我还是参加了好几个学生俱乐部。Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_Ihavestilljoinedseveralstudentclubsinordertoimprovemyself.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_itisagoodideatostudyindoors.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了那个主题的一些照片。Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethe_last_time__you_visited_our_school.5．(2015·北京高考满分作文)这是如此激动人心的活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。Itwassuch_an_exciting_activity_thatweallenjoyedourselvesverymuch.eq\a\vs4\al(二、状语从句的常用句型)在英语写作中，状语从句是经常使用的从句之一，因此必须学会并熟练运用这些相关句型。1．assoonas/themoment/theinstant/immediately/directly/instantly一……就……ThemomentIcameintotheclassroom,Isawthesentenceontheblackboard.我一走进教室，就看到了黑板上的这个句子。2．each/everytime每次，每当……EverytimeIpasstheschool,IthinkofmyfirstEnglishteacher.每当我经过那所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。3．thefirsttime第一次IthoughtSusanniceandfriendlythefirsttimeImether.我第一次见到苏珊就觉得她善良友好。4．before在……之前，还没来得及就……ItwasalongtimebeforeIrealizedhowsillyIwasatthattime.很长时间之后我才意识到我当时是多么傻。5．eversince自从……EversincemyfriendXiaohuaenteredhighschooltwoyearsago,hismotherhasbeenpushinghimhardinhisstudies.自从我的朋友小华两年前进入中学，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加很大的压力。6．bythetime到……为止，不迟于……HewillhavelearnedEnglishfortenyearsbythetimehegraduatesfromtheuniversitynextyear.到明年大学毕业为止，他已经学了10年英语了。7．as/solongas只要As/Solongasyou’reinterestedinit,pleasesendanemailto123456@.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果有兴趣，请发送电子邮件到123456@。8．providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that)...如果，假如……Supposehedoesn’tagreetohelpus,whoshouldweturntoforhelp?假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？9．onconditionthat...在……条件下；如果……We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.只要你能保持干净整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。10．notthat...butthat...不是因为……，而是因为……Ididn’tacceptthejob,notthatIamunwillingtodoit,butthatIamunableto.我没接受这份工作，不是因为我不愿意做，而是因为我不能做。11．evenif/eventhough即使；尽管Westillhavealongwaytogoevenif/thoughourprojecthasbeencarriedoutsmoothlysofar.尽管我们的计划到目前为止执行得很顺利，我们仍然有很长的一段路要走。12．though/although/while虽然；尽管Though/Althoughbusywiththelessons,Ihavemanagedtofindtimetohangoutwithmyfriends.(2017·天津高考书面表达)虽然忙着上课，但我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们出去玩。13．nomatterwh­.../wh­ever无论……However/Nomatterhowfarawayweare,wefeelclosetoeachother.无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。14．whether...or(not)...是……还是……；不管，不论……Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whetheritisgoodorbad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。15．sothat以便，目的是；因此SoIhavebeentakingexerciseandreadingbooksaswellasonlinematerialsaboutTianjinsothatIcanbebothphysicallyandmentallyqualifiedforthisjob.(2017·天津高考书面表达)所以我一直在锻炼，阅读书籍以及关于天津的网上资料，这样我的身体和精神都能胜任这项工作。16．inorderthat为了……Inorderthathecanhaveachancetoreceiveuniversityeducation,heworkshardeveryday.为了能有机会接受大学教育，他每天都努力学习。17．so/such...that...如此……以至于……Thedoughfigurinehemadewassobeautifulthatwecouldn’twaittohaveatryourselves.(2015·北京高考满分作文)他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。[即时演练]用状语从句补全句子1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。As_the_summer_break_is_approaching,_Iwillbefreeforalmostthreemonths.2．(2015·福建高考满分作文)每当你想在生活中获取什么时，总会有这样或那样的问题。Whenever_you_want_to_achieve_somethinginlife,therewillbeproblemsofthisorthatkind.3．(2015·四川高考书面表达)每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，目的是提高口语。WecancontacteachotherbyvideochateverynightforhalfanhourinEnglishandhalfanhourinChinese,so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.4．不管你做什么，重要的是你应该做好，只要你认为有价值，它就值得做。No_matter_what_you_do,_itisimportantthatyoudoitwellanditis_worth_doing_as_long_as_you_consider_it_valuable.5．另外，我会告诉他你长什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。Besides,Iwilltellhimwhatyoulooklikesothatyoucanfindeachothereasily.6．每当见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need_of_help,_Iwillsparenoefforttohelphim.[综合演练提能]Ⅰ.用状语从句补全句子1．如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if)If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_theearthwon’tbefitforustolivein.2．无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(nomatterwhat)No_matter_what_I_do,_Iwilltrymybesttodoitwell.3．他努力学习功课，结果考试取得了好成绩。(sothat)Heworkedhardathislessons,so_that_he_got_high_grades_in_the_exams.4．尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(though/although/while)Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.5．既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(nowthat)Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_youshouldlearntobeindependentofyourparents.Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇回忆录，尽可能多地使用状语从句假定你是李华，请以“AnUnforgettableSportsMeeting”为主题写一篇回忆录，叙述高中时期运动会给你留下的难忘记忆。请围绕以下要点：1．友谊第一，比赛第二；2．我运动，我快乐；3．团队精神。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。AnUnforgettableSportsMeeting参考范文：AnUnforgettableSportsMeetingLastyearourschoolheldanannualsportsmeeting,whichhasremainedapreciousmemoryformeeversince.Asanartsstudent,Icouldn’tbuttakepartintherelayrace.Becausemypartnersrealizeditwasnotmystrength，theysparednoefforttotrainme.Whenthegamestarted,wewerethefastest.Whenthestickwaspassedontome,however,anothercompetitorfelldownaccidentally.Ididn’thesitatetohelphimup,andcontinuedtryingmybesttocompete.Thoughwegotthesecondplacepitifully,allmyclassmatesstoodupcheeringformygooddeed.Thankstothesportsmeeting,notonlydidIwinfriendship,butImanagedtoenjoymyselffromsports.

学案(四)吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。eq\a\vs4\al(一、定语从句的类型)1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。①Everyoneiswelcometowatchthefilm,whichtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎大家观看这部电影，它讲述了我们学校的发展。②Secondly,youwillmakesomegoodfriendswhoarealsointerestedinplayingtabletennis.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢玩乒乓球。2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。①Tohelpthembetterunderstandourtea­drinkingculture,wetookthemtothetearoominourschool,whereIintroducedthehistoryoftea­makinganddifferentkindsofteaandsoon.(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了帮助他们更好的了解我们的饮茶文化，我们带领他们去了我们学校的茶室，在那儿，我介绍了泡茶历史和不同种类的茶叶等。②Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.(2017·北京高考书面表达)搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。[即时演练]用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空1．(2017·6月浙江高考应用文写作)Ourscienceteacherwillserveasourguide,whoisexpectedtotellussomethinginterestingabouttheTiantaiShan.2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)Asyouknow,thefinalexamisaroundthecorner,for_which_Iamkindofbusypreparing.3．(2016·天津高考单选)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.4．(2015·福建高考满分作文)Onlythosewhosparenoefforttoconfrontproblemscanachievewhattheylongfor.5．Duringholidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whereairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.eq\a\vs4\al(二、定语从句的写法)定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：theforeigner。第三步：用句②充当定语从句，theforeigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.[即时演练]用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句1．Thisisthebestmethod.Itcanbeusedagainstpollution.→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.2．I’vealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.→I’ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.3．SoIsupposeIcangetagoodmark.Itwillenablemetoentermyidealcollege.→So_I_suppose_I_can_get_a_good_mark_which_will_enable_me_to_enter_my_ideal_college.4．Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.5．Youknow,myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitytoattendaninternationalmeeting.Youlivethere.→You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting.6．WealllikeourEnglishteacher.Wehavelearnedalotfromher.→We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.eq\a\vs4\al(三、定语从句的常用句型)1．Asweallknow.../Asisknowntoall...众所周知……Asweallknow/Asisknowntoall,theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobalclimatechange.众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。2．Assb.putsit...按照某人所说的……Asheoftenputsit,universityeducationdeterminesone’sfuture.按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的未来。3．such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的……Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情。4．thesame...as.../thesameas...像……一样的Hermannerandattitudetowardshimwerequitethesameasshehadalwaysbeen.她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。5．oneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个AsfarasIknow,yoursisterisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。6．theonlyoneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个Mr.GreenwastheonlyoneoftheworkersthatwasinvitedtoBeijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。[即时演练]补全句子1．(2015·福建高考满分作文)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。As_we_all_know,_thepicturetellsastoryofancientChina.2．据我所知，她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。AsfarasIknow,sheissuch_a_girl_asisalwaysreadytohelpothers.3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。TheGreatWallisone_of_the_world­famous_buildings_that_attractlotsofvisitors.eq\a\vs4\al(四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况)1．误用关系词误：IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.正：IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.误：Ihaveafriend,who’snameisLiuMei.正：Ihaveafriend,whosenameisLiuMei.2．句子成分残缺误：ThereweremanystudentstookpartintheEnglishcompetition.正：ThereweremanystudentswhotookpartintheEnglishcompetition.误：Thosewhoinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.正：Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.3．有多余的代词或副词误：ThefilmIsawitlastnightwasreallyverygood.正：ThefilmIsawlastnightwasreallyverygood.误：Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhood.正：Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupinmychildhood.4．混淆定语从句与并列句误：Infact,smokingisabadhabit,itdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.正：Infact,smokingisabadhabit,which/anditdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.误：Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,itdidn’thelp.正：Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,which/butitdidn’thelp.[即时演练]单句改错1．TherearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlyonechild,whoisverycommoninChinesefamilies.who→which2．Remember,youcantakethecontestinChinaDailynewspaper,thatisverypopularamonghighschoolstudents.that→which3．Iwillneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.that→which4．Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamarkthatyouhaveaquestion.that→where5．Onthethirdfloortherearetworooms,oneofthemisusedasameetingroom.them→which6．ThecouplewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop,whichtheyplantostayforthreedays.which→where或在which前加in7．Iaskedthatboysodifficultaquestionwhichhecouldn’tanswer.which→as[综合演练提能]Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)最近，我们学校建了一个新的体育馆，它位于图书馆后面。Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumrecently,which_is_located_behind_the_library.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/which_were_writtenintheTangDynasty.3．(2016·四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。Therearefourseasonsinayear,each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)等考试结束后，我们都有时间的话，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？HowaboutthelastSundayofJune,when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。Thereasonwhy_I_can’t_keep_my_wordisthatmyunclewillgoabroadforfurtherstudysoon.6．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。As_we_all_know,_ourfriendswilllendusahelpinghandwhenweneedhelpandtheywillhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituations.Ⅱ.请按以下要点写一封申请信，尽可能多地使用定语从句假设你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑，请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教Mr.Mark申请这一职位。要点包括：职位要求1.有很强的英语表达能力；2．关心时事。个人优势1.有做记者的经历，沟通能力强；2．父亲是一位专职编辑，深受其影响；3．……注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：