2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练九推理判断题-写作意图类

专题强化练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2024·济南市高三学情检测)LamHon­ming，directoroftheStateKeyLaboratoryattheChineseUniversityofHongKong，isatopexpertinsoybean(大豆)research.Since1998，Lam'steamhasbeencooperatingwithscientistsinChinesemainland.In2010，hecameacrossZhangGuohong，anagriculturalexpertfromGansu，China，atanationalsoybeanconference.Withthesamemajor，theyhititoffanddecidedtoimprovefarmers'livesandpromotelocalagriculture.FarmersinGansudependlargelyontheweatherfortheirlivelihood，mainlyonrainfall，whichisalsoacauseofseverepoornessinthearea.In2016，theydevelopedthreenewsoybeanvarietiessuitedtosaltysoilandrarerainfallofNorthwestChina.Allreceivedofficialgovernmentapproval.AsthelandinNorthwestChinaisnotsuitableforthegrowthofcommonvarietiesofsoybeans，localfarmersneverplantedsoybeans，anditbecameamajorproblemforspreadingnewsoybeans.LamandZhangincreasedcommunicationwithfarmersthroughvariousways.Toensurefarmers'income，LamstruckapartnershipwithaHongKongfoodcompanythatwillpurchaseallsoybeansatmarketpricewhentheyareharvested.By2024，theplantingareaofthethreeapprovedsoybeansinGansuhadgonebeyond2.4millionsquarekilometers，covering46oftheprovince's80­pluscounties，andtheoutputhadreached7.71millionkilograms，addingabout30millionyuantolocalfarmers'income.ZhangsaidthatProfessorLam'scontributionhasgreatlypushedthepoornessreliefandagriculturalresearchinNorthwestChina.“Itishardtokeepdoingagriculturalresearchwithlessfunding.AnditismoredifficulttotravelfromHongKongtothepoorareasoftheNorthwesttodoagriculturalresearch，”headded.Inthefuture，Lamwillcontinuetoworkwithmainlandscientistsandleadmore“HongKongpower”intothedevelopmentofthecountry'sNorthwest.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。香港中文高校国家重点试验室主任林汉明和甘肃的农业专家张国宏通过自己的探讨成果帮助甘肃农夫改善生活，推动甘肃当地农业发展。1．WhatcanweknowaboutthetwoscientistsfromParagraph1?A．Theyhavebeenfriendssince1998.B．Theybothmajorinagriculture.C．Theyonceservedinthesamelab.D．TheymetbychanceinHongKong.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“LamHon­ming...soybean(大豆)research”“In2010...Withthesamemajor，theyhititoffanddecidedtoimprovefarmers'livesandpromotelocalagriculture.”可知，林汉明是大豆探讨的顶级专家。2010年，他在一次全国大豆会议上偶遇了来自甘肃的农业专家张国宏，他们两位专业相同。据此可知，这两位科学家都主修农业。答案：B2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Rainfallisnotenough.B．Thelocalslivedapoorlife.C．Littlelandisrichinnutrition.D．Thefarmersneverplantedsoybeans.解析：词句揣测题。依据第三段画线词所在句“Astheland...spreadingnewsoybeans”可知，由于西北地区的土地不适合种植一般大豆品种，当地农夫从不种植大豆，这成为推广新大豆的一大难题。it指代上文的当地农夫从不种植大豆这种状况，故选D。答案：D3．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．Moreworkneedstobedone.B．Allfarmersbecomebetter­off.C．Thetwoscientistsaresuccessful.D．SoybeansgrowthroughoutGansu.解析：主旨大意题。依据第四段的内容可知，截至2024年，三批大豆在甘肃的种植面积超过240万平方公里，覆盖全省80多个县中的46个，产量达到771万公斤，为当地农夫增加收入约3000万元。据此可知，该段主要告知我们两位科学家胜利了。答案：C4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLamHon­ming?A．Dependent. B．Honest.C．Open­minded. D．Devoted.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段可知，林教授的贡献极大地推动了中国西北地区的扶贫和农业探讨。尽管资金削减、探讨困难，但是林教授将接着与内地科学家合作，带领更多的“香港力气”参加中国西北地区的开发。据此可推知，林汉明具有奉献精神。答案：DB(2024·合肥市高三第一次质检)Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety'sdemandsforalow­carboneconomy.IntroducingElectricVehicles(EVs)andreducinggasolineusearehelping，butzero­carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong­termdecarbonizationoftransport.IntheUS，transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%，accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrol­based，butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen，emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet．However，hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.AndwhileFuelCellElectricVehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVsinperformance—andevenoutcompetethemontherangeandrefilltime，extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel.Also，findinginvestmentforstorage，pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Currently，governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运)，steel，andenergystorage.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld'sroadfleet.Thankfully，researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(纳米的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdevices.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth，thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。零碳氢可以加速交通运输的转型和长期脱碳，以满意社会对低碳经济的需求。然而，氢气较难平安储存。值得庆幸的是，探讨始终在进步。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2?A．Stop. B．Decrease.C．Continue. D．Disappear.解析：词句揣测题。第一段提到零碳氢可以加速交通运输的转型和长期脱碳以满意社会对低碳经济的需求。其次段第一句提到，在美国，交通运输导致的温室气体的排放份额最大，由此可推知，画线词所在句表示“假如更多的车辆运用氢气，温室气体的排放量将会大幅下降”，故画线词意为“下降”，与B项的含义最为接近。答案：B6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B．Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles.C．Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D．Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.解析：主旨大意题。本段首句“However，hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely”是该段的主题句，表示氢气由于较难平安储存，所以并不被认为是作为汽车发动机燃料的汽油的志向替代品，即本段主要讲解并描述运用氢气作为汽车燃料的挑战，故选C。答案：C7．Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean?A．Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices.B．Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.C．Theinventionofthewatertransportsystem.D．Theuseofthenanoscalethin­filmtechnology.解析：细微环节理解题。明题意：本题问“什么使得从海洋中获得氢气更有效？”→寻线索：依据倒数其次段的“Nanoscale(纳米的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater”可知，纳米薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获得氢气→定答案：由此可知，纳米级薄膜技术的运用使得从海洋中获得氢气更有效，故选D。答案：D8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB．TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC．HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD．WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBelike解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了氢气作为一种新型的清洁能源有望替代汽油作为发动机的燃料，以满意社会对低碳经济的需求。综合各选项可知，选项A最适合作本文标题。答案：AC(2024·广东省普宁一中高三二模)IntheSouthChinaSea，thereisagroupofJiaoren，orChinesemermaids(美人鱼)，whoseteardropsbecomepearlsaftertheyfall.TothenorthofKunlunMountains，there'samonstercalledXiangliu，whichhasnineheadswithhumanfacesbutthebodyofasnake.ThesemagiccreaturesfromtheancientbookoflegendsShanHaiJing，whichinspiredJ．K.RowlingforherFantasticBeastsandWheretoFindThemseries，arenowbroughtbacktolifebyayoungChinesegirlinherphotos.ChenXin，wholearnedpaintingasachild，saidshestartedthephotoseriestocommemorate(纪念)thedaysshespentwithhergrandma.Everynightbeforeshewenttosleep，hergrandmatoldherstoriesinShanHaiJing.“Iremember，especiallyinthesummernights，mygrandmastayedoutsidetoenjoythelightwind，”Chensaid.“ShesatonarockingchairwhileIcountedthestarsandlistenedtoherstories.”Thesestoriesopenedhermindtoanimaginativeworldwithfantasticcreatures.Todesignthemakeupandlookofthesecreatures，Chencheckeddocumentsandcombinedtheimageswiththeappearanceofanimals.Sheusedvariousmeansandmaterialstomaketheitemslooklikehornsortails.“Iusedrealyakhorns(牦牛角)．It'sdifficulttofixthemontotheheadandfaceofmodels，astheywilldrop.Soittakesalongtime，”Chensaid.Shealsochoseplaceswhosegeographicalconditionsmetthedescriptionsofthecreaturesforphotos.“Forexample，somecreaturesliveinareassurroundedbyrocks，soIwilltrytofindsuchaplace，”shesaid.Recently，Chenhasbeenworkingonanothertwophotoseriesaboutthe24solartermsandChinesefood.“I'mhappythatmoreandmorepeoplearenowpayingattentiontoandfallinginlovewithChinesetraditionalculture，”shesaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了中国女孩陈馨：一个让《山海经》里的精怪走入现实的女孩。9．Whydoestheauthorwritethefirstparagraph?A．Toamusethereaders.B．Torecommendanancientbook.C．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D．TostressthediversityofChineseculture.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段“IntheSouthChinaSea，thereisagroupofJiaoren，orChinesemermaids(美人鱼)，whoseteardropsbecomepearlsaftertheyfall.TothenorthofKunlunMountains，there'samonstercalledXiangliu，whichhasnineheadswithhumanfacesbutthebodyofasnake.(在中国南海，有一群美人鱼，她们的眼泪掉下来就变成了珍宝。在昆仑山的北面，有一种怪物叫“相柳”，它有九个头，长着人面，身体却是蛇。)”第一段作者描述《山海经》里的精怪，形象生动，是为了引出本文的话题——中国女孩陈馨。答案：C10.WhydidChenstartthephotoseries?A．Tobecomefamous.B．Toshowoffhertalent.C．TospreadtraditionalChinese