闽粤皖京甘豫2024届高考英语一轮复习学案选择性必修第一册Unit3Conservation北师大版

Unit3ConservationⅠ.认阅读单词1．itemn．一项，一条2．rhinon．犀牛3．hornn．(牛、羊等头上的)角4．asteroidn．小行星5．hatchvi.&vt.(使)孵化6．packetn．小包，小盒7．packagingn．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料8．coconutn．椰子9．shelln．壳；贝壳10．innovativeadj.新颖的，创新的，革新的11．refillableadj.可再填充的12．binn．垃圾箱13．cartonn．硬纸盒；塑料盒14．cutleryn．餐具15．counciln．委员会；理事会16．roadworksn．道路施工17．organicadj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的18．instituten．机构；研究院19．poultryn．家禽肉，家禽20．committeen．委员会21．templen．庙宇，寺院22．Confucius孔子23．memorialn．纪念馆；纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的24．carvevt.雕，刻25．typhoonn．台风26．Atlanticadj.大西洋的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．plasticadj.塑料制的2．threatn．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能3．switchvi.&vt.转换，改变4．incrediblyadv.非常地，极端地5．speciesn．物种，种6．massadj.大量的7．decreasevi.&vt.减少n．减少；减少的量8．blamevt.责怪，指责9．affectvt.影响10．solaradj.太阳光(能)的11．restorevt.(使)恢复12．wrapvt.包，裹13．transportationn．交通运输系统，运输方式14．swallowvi.&vt.吞下，咽下15．chopsticksn．筷子16．jamn．拥挤，堵塞；果酱17．decaden．十年，十年期18．gasn．气，气体19．cancern．癌症20．essayn．论说文；散文21．involvevt.包含；需要22．billionn．十亿23．instancen．例子，实例24．claimvt.声称；断言；主张n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求25．drugn．药物，药材；毒品26．sumvt.概括，总结n.金额，款项；总数27．valleyn．谷，山谷28．thunderstormn．雷暴29．agriculturaladj.农业的Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．conservationn．保护→conservevt.保护；节约→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的2．destroyvt.破坏；毁掉→destructionn．破坏；毁坏3．miningn．采矿业→minen．矿；矿井→minern．矿工4．recyclevi.&vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclableadj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→unrecyclableadj.不可回收的5．informativeadj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→informv．通知→informationn．信息6.illegallyadv.非法地，违法地→illegaladj.非法的，违法的→legallyadv.合法地→legaladj.合法的7．huntvi.&vt.猎取，猎杀→huntingn．打猎→huntern．猎人8．extinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinctionn．灭绝9．urgentadj.紧急的，急迫的→urgentlyadv.迫切地；急切地→urgencyn．紧急情况10．unusualadj.异常的；不平常的→unusuallyadv.不寻常地→usualadj.平常的→usuallyadv.通常地11．variedadj.形形色色的→varyv．变化→variousadj.各种各样的→varietyn．种类12．endangeredadj.濒危的→endangerv．使面临危险；危及；危害→dangern．危险→dangerousadj.危险的13．consumern．消费者→consumev．消费；消耗；吃，喝→consumptionn．消费；消耗14．wastefuladj.浪费的；挥霍的→wastev．&n．浪费15．dirtn．灰尘，尘土→dirtyadj.脏的16．realisticadj.现实的，实际的→realadj.真的；真实的→reallyadv.真正地；确实地→realityn．真实；现实→realizevt.实现；认识到17．awareadj.意识到的，明白的→awarenessn．意识→unawareadj.不知道的；未察觉到的18．collectionn．收集；收藏品；专辑→collectv．收集；收藏19．anxiousadj.焦虑的，不安的→anxietyn．焦虑20．reusableadj.可再使用的，可重复使用的→reusev．再使用，重复使用21．stuckadj.卡住的，无法移动的→stickv．将……刺入(或插入)；刺22．annoyedadj.烦恼的，生气的→annoyvt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyingadj.使人烦恼的→annoyancen．生气；令人烦恼的事物23．angern．愤怒；怒气→angryadj.生气的；愤怒的→angrilyadv.气愤地；愤怒地24．relatevi.相联系，有关联→relatedadj.相联系的→relationn．联系，关联25．regularadj.定期的，有规律的→regularlyadv.有规律地→irregularadj.无规律的26．suitvt.适合n．套装→suitableadj.适合的27．opponentn．对手；反对者→opposev．反对→opposedadj.反对的；截然不同的28．crueladj.残忍的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地→crueltyn．残忍29．chemicaladj.化学的n．化学品→chemistryn．化学→chemistn．化学家；药剂师30．scenicadj.景色优美的→scenen．地点，现场；场面→sceneryn．风景31．historicadj.古老的；历史上重要的→historyn．历史→historiann．历史学家1．exportn．&vt.出口2．exposevt.揭露；暴露3．extraordinaryadj.非凡的；卓越的4．extremelyadv.极其；非常5．eyewitnessn．目击证人6．featuren．特征；特色7．fictionn．小说；虚构，编造8．fierceadj.猛烈的；凶猛的9．fleevi.逃走；逃跑10．flexibleadj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．dieout消失；绝迹，灭绝2．wipeout彻底毁灭3．betoblame把……归咎于4．beatrisk处境危险，受到威胁5．trafficjam交通堵塞6．stressedout焦虑的7．berelatedto与……有关联8．forinstance例如9．sumup概括，总结10．havearole起某种作用11．doone’spart尽自己的职责12．setout开始做某事，着手进行Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.(Itisnotunusualforsbtodo...)虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。2．Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.(倍数表达法)他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。3．Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.(without引导含蓄虚拟语气)没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。4．Thismorning，ittookme40minutestogodowntown.(Ittakessbsometimetodo...)今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。5．Howoftendowearriveatworkorschool，stressedout，tiredandangry？(形容词作状语)又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？6．Upto90peoplecantravelinonebus，whilethesamenumberwillneedatleast18cars.(while连接并列句)一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(switch，extinction，aware，anxious，endanger，destroy，chemical)It’ssaidthatdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofanaturaldisaster.Butnow，manyspeciesare1.__________orevenextinctjustbecausehumansdovariedharmtothem.Forinstance，tigersarebeingillegallyhuntedinanincrediblycruelwayfortheirfurwhilerhinos，fortheirhorns.Besides，we2.______________________theirhabitatsbycuttingdowntrees，throwingawayunrecyclableplasticrubbisheverywhereanddischargingpollutedwaterthatcontainspoisonous3.________intorivers.Itishumanactivitiesthataretoblameforthemass4.____________.However，weshouldbe5.____________ofthefactthatwithoutthespeciesonwhichwedependforoursurvival，wewouldbealsoatrisk.Many6.____________environmentalistswriteinformativeandinnovativeessaystoeducatepeopletogogreen.Conservationmeasuresinvolve7.__________tosolarenergy，stoppingusingthrowawaycartonsorchopsticksthatcannotberecycled，andtakingpublictransportationonaregularbasistoandfromwork.Tosumup，everybodyhasaroletoplayinprotectingourplanetandifweallsetouttodoourpart，theharmoniousworldwillberestored.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇switchn．(电路的)开关v．改变，转变switchoff关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switchon打开；开始运行switch(...)from...to...把(……)由……转变为……(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意！我们将从火车转乘有轨电车到省博物馆。到达目的地后，请确保所有手机处于关机状态。打开手机会影响我们访问。Attention,please!Wewill________________________________________________________toreachtheprovincialmuseum.Uponreachingthedestination,pleasemakesureallmobilephones____________________________________.________________________willinfluenceourvisit.decreasevi.&vt.减少n.减少；减少的量•decreaseby...减少了……decrease(from...)to...(从……)减少到……•onthedecrease正在下降；正在减少ontheincrease正在增加(1)Tosumup，thenumberofnewstudentsdecreased____________210____________160.Thatistosay,thenumberdecreased____________24%.(2)Wehavebeenawarethatitisbecauseofvariedhumanactivitiesthatthenumberofoceananimals______________________________(正在下降)．Sothereisanurgentneedtoswitchourwrongdoingsothattheirnumber________________________________(将会逐渐增加)．(2022·全国甲，书面表达)blamev．把……归咎于，责怪n．(坏事或错事的)责任；指责；过失•blamesbfor...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人betoblame(forsth)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)•take/deservetheblamefor...对……负责；为……承担责任put/laytheblameforsthonsb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人(1)Wehumanbeingsaresupposedtotaketheblame____________extinctorendangeredspecies，sowemustdoourpartinwildlifeconservation.(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误而指责其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应该受到责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不仅仅是把错误归咎于其他人。Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talways______________________________.Afterall，manytimes________________________________________________________.Soinsteadof________________________________________________________________________________________________________，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.annoyedadj.恼怒的；生气的(annoyvt.使恼怒；打扰；使烦恼；使生气annoyingadj.令人生气的annoyancen．恼怒)•beannoyedwithsb对某人生气beannoyedabout/atsth为某事生气•Whatannoyssbmostisthat...最让某人生气的是……•toone’sannoyance使某人生气的是(1)Iwasannoyed____________him____________hisannoyingrudetablemanners.(2)最使我生气的是我被分配和一位非常严肃的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着黑色衣服，还总是对其他人的工作不满意。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)①____________________________________，Iwasassignedtoworkwithanextremelyseriousguywhoalwaysworedarkclothesandwasalwaysnotsatisfiedwithothers’work.(annoyance)②________________________________________________Iwasassignedtoworkwithanextremelyseriousguywhoalwaysworedarkclothesandwasalwaysnotsatisfiedwithothers’work.(what引导的主语从句)stressedout疲惫不堪；焦虑不安(stressedadj.焦虑不安的stressn．压力vt.强调stressfuladj.压力重的；紧张的)understress在压力之下lay/place/putstresson/upon...强调……(1)Facingsuch____________(stress)work,IamsoanxiousthatIfeellikesittingonpinsandneedles.(2)(应用文写作之求助信)每次我有压力或者焦虑不安时，我都会毫不犹豫地向我的父母求助。________________________________________________________________________，Iwillturntomyparentsforhelpwithouthesitation.(3)我怎么强调海洋保护的重要性都不为过。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)①Ican’t_________________________________________________________________oceanconservationtoomuch.(stressn．)②Ican’t_________________________________________________________________oceanconservationtoomuch.(stressvt.)relatev．涉及；使联系(relatedadj.有关的；相关的relationn．关系；联系；亲属)•relate...to...把……和……联系起来relateto涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解•(be)relatedto有关系的；有关联的(1)Itisclaimedthatthe“newfourgreatinventions”areallrelated____________China’shigh-techinnovations.(2)(记叙文之写人)我们的班主任不仅能理解我们学生，而且他还能不断地将我们正在学习的东西与现实世界联系起来。Notonlycanourheadteacher________________________________________________butalsohecanconstantly________________________________________________________________.(3)(应用文写作之申请信)由于有丰富的相关经验，我深信我会非常胜任这个职位。___________________________________________________________________________，IamgreatlyconvincedthatIwillbeincrediblyqualifiedfortheposition.suitvt.适合n.套装(suitableadj.合适的；适用的)•suit...to...使……适合……suitone’sneeds适合某人的需要•besuitablefor对……适合的besuitabletodosth适合做某事(1)(应用文写作之申请信)IdobelieveIamsuitable____________thisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.＝IdobelieveIamsuitable__________________(do)thisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.(2)如果以上安排不符合您的需求，请毫不犹豫地告知我，以便我为您量身定制相关项目。Iftheabovearrangementsdon’t____________________________________，pleaseinformmewithouthesitationsothatIcan________________________________________________.用法点拨suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；fit多指大小、形状等合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等搭配。wipeout彻底毁灭，消灭workout解决；算出setout开始做某事，着手进行turnout结果是checkout结账后离开comeout出版；长出dieout灭亡；逐渐消失用“动词＋out”短语的适当形式填空(1)Thediseasethreatensto______________________theentirepopulation.(2)Itisreportedthat844specieshave________________________inthepastdecade.(3)Hedidn’ttellusforsurewhenhisnewbookwould________________________butsaidthathewasworkinghardtofinishit.(4)Oncetheyarrived，they________________________toseparateunrecyclablerubbishfromthewastethatwasreusable.(5)It________________________thatthemathsproblemwasdifficult，butmypartnerandIdecidedto____________it____________.sumup总结；概括makeup弥补；构成；编造；和解makeupfor补偿，弥补turnup开大；出现goup上升；上涨setup设立；建立takeup开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)；拿起addup加起来；总计用“动词＋up”短语的适当形式填空(1)Thestorymay_____________________________________inonesentence:Hardworkcan________________________alackofability.(2)Withthepriceofhouses____________________，Ihavenoalternativebutto____________________apart-timejobinacompanythat______________________bymyfriendsthreeyearsago.(3)Oncemymother________________________，Iswallowedmypride，rushedtoherandsaidsorrytoher，tryingto________________________withher.(4)Ihavegreatdifficulty__________________thesenumbers，socouldyoupleasegivemeahand?倍数表达法Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。倍数的表达方式：•A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋asB•A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋thanB•A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋ofB这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。(1)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschoolis________________________________________________whatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as)(2)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschoolis________________________________________________whatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than)(3)Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowournewschoolis________________________________________________whatitwastenyearsago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of)without引导含蓄虚拟语气Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。•without引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)。•有类似用法的还有：otherwise/or(否则)，butfor(要不是)等或上下文的暗示。(1)如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。Withoutsetbacks，________________________________________________________________.(2)要不是这次经历，我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。Butforthisexperience，I___________________________________________________________.(3)如果当时有她的鼓励，我就不会在接下来的一天里都沉浸在悲伤里。Withherencouragement，I_________________________________________________________.(4)如果没有分发的食物，这些无家可归的人可能会饿一整晚，并且失去生活的希望。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)①Withoutdistributedfood,________________________________________________________.②Thesehomelesspeoplegotdistributedfood,otherwise_________________________________.1．ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)那就是为什么没有一个孩子认为大卫决定加入越野队是不寻常的。2．Mostimportantly，Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification，whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.(2022·浙江1月)最重要的是，爱迪生意识到成功依赖于大规模的电气化，他在纽约展示了这一点。3．Transportationinvoicesmustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)为了保证拿到奖学金，您必须在访问后60天内收到交通发票。4．Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife—andiftheydid，itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.(2022·浙江1月)新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低大约90%，而且，即便她们患上痴呆症，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。5．Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren，butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)大卫患有一种大脑疾病，使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校里，他的同学们都把他当作一个普通的孩子。6．Canasmallgroupofdronesguaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear？(2022·全国乙)一小组无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元吗？7．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.(2021·北京)即使这种计时方法在其细节上是新颖的，早期农业社会也将时间与自然现象联系起来。8．Butshecameforthandwalkedforward，andIwalkedforward，andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain，youknow，itwaslikeanuclearfusion.(2021·浙江1月)但她走了出来，向前走，我也向前走，感情，我的眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道，就像核聚变一样。9．Inpre-classicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.(2021·北京)例如，在前古典希腊，人们通过前后移动日期来“修正”官方日历，以反映季节的变化。10．InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏了当地的建筑奇迹，而在前往布哈拉的途中，在被警方怀疑贩毒时，体验了一把警察的办案手法。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．claimeq\x(A.n.索赔B.vt.声称C.vt.夺去生命D.vt.认领)(1)Itisclaimedthatthereddragonisapositivesymbol，indicatingstrengthandasenseofnationalidentity.________(2)Thepolicesaythatifnooneclaimsthewatch，youcankeepit.________(3)Thecompanyhasmadeaclaimfordamagescausedbythedelayofdelivery.________(4)ItisreportedthatthehurricaneSandyhasclaimedthousandsoflives.________2．masseq\x(A.n.一团；大堆B.n.民众C.n.质量D.adj.大量的)(1)Whenablockoficebecomeswater，themasswillstaythesamebutthevolumewillchange.________(2)TheUK，uniquely，hasnothadtofacetheproblemofmassunemployment.________(3)Massesofsnowandrocksfelldownthemountain.________(4)Weshouldoftenseekopinionsfromthemasses.________3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Whenhearingthefamiliarsoundofthehornofships，Ican’thelpburstingintotears.____________(2)Whattrickarethosechildrenhatching？____________(3)ThewaitersgavefreedrinkstotheregularsatThanksgiving.____________(4)You’regoingtohavetoswallowyourprideandaskforyourjobback.____________(5)Thepapergotjammedanditbrokedown.____________(6)Ican’tworknextweekend—willyouswitchwithme？____________(7)Iwatchedforthedesertsunsets，andhuntedforseashellsthathadbeenlefttheremillionsofyearsago.____________Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Afterbeingrejectedasafashiondesigner，theyoungmanswitched________environmentconversation.2．Thebridgecompletedlastyearcollapsed，anditwassaidthatanoverloadedtruckwas________(blame)．3．Howeverhardheworks，hewon’tberecognisedasasuccessbyhismother，whichisreally__________(annoy)．4．Itishislackofself-disciplinethatisrelated____________hisbeingfiredbythecompany.5．Theultimategoalofthemillionaireistoearn________(billion)ofdollarsattheendoftheyear.6．It________________(claim)thatanotherthreeastronautswillbesentintospacenextmonth.7．Manypartymembersaredevotedtowiping____________povertyinunderdevelopedareas.8．Youarerequiredtosum____________themainideaofthepassagewithamaximum，ratherthanaminimumof6words.9．WithoutthehybridricecultivatedbyYuanLongping，manypeople____________________(die)fromhungerinthepast.10．____________tookmuchtimeaswellaspatiencetoconvincehimtostayinwhenparentswentout.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练(2020·上海1月——关于如何处理临期食品的建议)1．超市有大量的接近保质期(expirationdate)的食品并不少见。(Itisnotunusualforsb/sthtodosth)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．如果没有合适的方法来处理这些食品，可能会浪费大量的食品和钱。(without引导含蓄虚拟语气)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．有