中国社会公益慈善指南：医疗卫生CHINA ISSUE GUIDE HEALTH PHILANTHROPY

PScentreforAsianphilanthropyandsocietyAllrightsreservedY2internationalphilanthropistswhounderstandtheroleprovidedfinancialasweYgivingor“philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics”.Thisreport,thefirstinafour-partseriesontheagingpopulationbringswitinfrastructure,inadequatebasicpublicsesupportthelivelihoodsofpatientsandtheirfamilies.Bothgovernmentandpbuildingandeducationtoaddrinvestmentislocalhealthcareprovidersonofprovidingbetterservicestoregioncommunities.togovernmentefforts,espesupport,services,andinfrastructureessentialfortraininganddevelopmenandend-of-lifecareareotherareaswarrantattentioningovernment’spriorities:mentalhealthproblemsremaininChina:“philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics”.fundingprioritiesandincreasingprofessionalismareathowgovernmentsignalling,suchasencouragetheprolirequiremoreattentionandfinancialsupport:primarysupportformentalillnesses.Professordemandforhigh-qualitappropriaterolefortheprivatesectorinsupportiwithpragmatism,providinganopportunitytoChinesephilanthropyinitiativesbysupplementingexistingprogramsandfilling4importantroleinattractingprivateinvestment.Inturn,Chinesephilanthropy:aclosewowithgovernment,theleveragingofprograms,pilotinginnovationswYinternationally.alsoimportanttobearinmindthrepeatedlyreferredto“commonprosperity”(“共同富forwardinwaysthatbenefitallofitsciThisreportisthefirstofafour-partseriesontheroleofindividualandcorportohelpreaderstobemorforward.Finally,weendeavortobetteandcorporatephilanthropyinthehealthsectorimpactscharacteristics”generallylooklike?China’spoliticalandculturaunderstandingofChinesephilanthropyholisticallyunderpinsourdeeperdiveintohealthphhealth-relatedphilanthropy?4.Howalignedishealth-relatedphilanthropywithrecommendationsforhealth-relatedphilanthropy?provincial-levelinformationdisclosureplatformsandtriangulateditagainstthird-partydatabanksaswellasleadersfrombusinesses,foundationsandsocThereportisdividedintothr(individual,corporate,andgovernment-affiliated)andthropywithChinesecharactthismeansinthefirstchapter.6ofthecurrentstateofChinesehecurrentgovernmentpoliciesandareasditionalfundingandattention.underthehealthcareumbrella,andlightsexamplesofphilanthropicprojectsinunderservedareastoillustratetherolephilanthropycanplay.Finally,weconcludebysphilanthropy:ahow-toguideforonthecurrentstatusandpotentialofhealth-relatedYmoretowardcharity.philanthropyisgroundedbolsteringexisting(primarilygovernment)socialserviceitisimportanttolookiIndividualsandcharitablegovernmentrealizetheimportanceofmaximiphilanthropiccontributions.Thisrecognition,alongwithsomescandalsrelatedtoofregulationsforthecharittoencourageindividualandcorporatecbyintroducingclearerregulationsandhelpingattributedbothtometeoriceconomicgrowtgovernment’seffortstopromotephilanthropy.bycreatingclearrulesocialwelfareorganizationsr9increasedomesticcontributions.InordertotrulyunderstanitisessentialtoidentifytheChineseChinesephilanthropyinitiativesbysupplementingexistingprogramsandfillingonlyflowstoareasthataregovernmentpriphilanthropicprograms.InChina,findingwin-winUtilizingbusinessacumenwitleadstothethirdcharacteristicofChinesepilotinginnovationswarea.Thelastdefiningcha8philanthropywithhealth-relatedexamplesattheendofthisreport.Fornow,leusaboutthecurrentphilanthroLet’sstartwiththe“wharealsotheoneswithtpositivecorrelationThetendencyfordonationstobesenttounderservedareaswasamplifiedin2015-2020whthegovernment’spovertyalleviationcampaignwasinfullswing.Thegovernmentidentified832ofthepoorestcountiesinChinaandencouragedphilanthropicorganizationstoengageinthem.ThisdrivetoalleviatepovertygalvanizedChina’sphilanthropicspending—inlinewithgovernmentgoals.Italsolikelysetthestageforincreasedgovernment-drivenphilanthropygoingforward.termssuchas“foundations,”“donation”and“impact”socialinvestment.ThisHeilongjiangHeilongjiangInnerJilinInnerMongoliaLiaoningXinjiangBeijingTianjinShaanxiJiangsuAnhuiTibetTibetand2018annualreportssubmittedY2000aretypicallygrantmaking.Membersnumberoffoundations,whichalmosttripledStates,notallofthemaregrantmakinginstitutions.characteristics.”offoundations.“IndFromourinterviews,welearnedthatanumberofindividualfoundationsgobeyondtraditionalgrantmakingtotaketheleadinpilotingsocialinnovations.ForexamplFoundationdevelopedanewprogramandcurriculatoincorporatechoralsingingintothepublicandprivateschoolsystems.Ms.Libelievesthatsingingnotonlybringsjoybutboostsconfidence,reduceslonelinessandimproveschildren’swellbeinginwaysthatcomplementregularacademicstudies.Shewantedtoshowthatthiswasthecaseandsupportedpilotprogramswhichare0“Corporate”foundations(企业基金会)areinitiatedstate-ownedenterprise,oraforeignenterprise.Whileacorporatefoundationtocarryoutotheractiviorganizationtosupportcharities.15“Systemic”foundations(系统基金会)areoftenfoundationsareoperatingorganizationsaffiliatedwiththelocal,provincialandfinancialsupport,thisfundingaccountedforlrelativelysmallgroupoffoundsourcesincludepublicfundraiboththenumberofprojectsitministries;aconduitfornationalpoliciestobeputwesternChina—aregovernment-initiatedrugstolow-incomecancerpatients,traininggrassrootsmedicalworkers,andholdingdoparticipateinmedicalactiveparticipantinthegovernment-drivenmovementofmedicalprofessionals,affordablthepromotionofsocialinclusionforthedisAlthoughitcollaborateswiththegovernmentoYthemmoreroomtomaneuverwithregaconductpublicfundraising,collecttax-exemptdonationsandmobilizeresourcesuniversities,middlevocationaltraininginstitutestofacilitatefundraisingfromalumni,companiesandotherinteresteddoftheirlocality,suchas“subsidyforruralprimaryschoolcanteenconstruction,”inlieuofmulti-locationinterventionsineducationlikeintroducingmentalhealthcurriculumacrosssecondaryschoolsareanefficientmechanismtostowardhelpingthegovernm .donations.Andwiththisriseinphilanthropistsareincreasinglysupportingcapacitydifficultformanysocialwelfareorgatheskillsnecessarytodotheirjobswell,regardlessBuildinguptheskillsoflocalsocialorganofaparticularmodelofphilanthropy:philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics.While,atfirstglanandcorporatefoundationsseemsimilartotheirdifferently.Thekeydifferenceisthefirstcwepointedoutearlierinthischapter:thetoworkhand-in-handwithgovernment.Infact,thisfundamentaldifferencebetwthroughourinterviewsandproject-levelwefoundthatthatindividualworkalignedwithgovernment(atminimum)andareofteninaformalpartnership.TheThislargesseisdiButlinkageandidentificationwithgovernmbeyondsupportingthisparticular●6507●● 23.88Ythere,Iwouldneitherhavethisdevelopmenharmonious,businesswillbecomedifficult.Thissubsequentchapteronhefundamentalshiftsinthecountry’sdemograprapidagingbringswithitasimilarlyrapidincreaseincancerburden(measuredindisability-adjustedlifeyears)nearedthreerequireaconsiderableexpamoneytopayfor—thenavigatestheperilouthreatensbothenvironmentalhclimate.Furthermore,therisksposedzoonoticrespiratoryvirustwiceinthelasttcountry’shealthcarethateventuality.2009,rolledoutasignificantarrayofreformstoitshealthcaresystem.Thegovernmentdeclaredthat,careofreasonablequalitytoallofitscitizens,whileprotectingthemfromunmanageablefinancialrisk.Toachievethatgoal,thegovernmenthascommittedtotakingmajorresponsibilityforfinancingbasichealthcare,whileleavingthefinancingandprovisionsector.33Thiswasastarkchangefromtheapproachstrategythatrelieduponfree-marketmechanismsimpetusforthisshifthadbeentherealizationthatthefree-marketmodelcouldnotensureequitableaccesstonecessarycareduetothefinancialrisksY0thathealthcareentailsforallbuttheveryrich.Indeed,intheyearspriorto2009,catastrophichealthcareexpendituresweresocommonplaceinChinathatthephrase:kan-bing-nan,kan-bing-gui(看病难，看病贵i.e.difficulttoseeadoctor,costlbecamepopular.theMinistryofCivilAffairscoreimbursementratesforinpatientcarewereincreasedincosts;comparativelymodest35Source:GovernmentspendingonsocialfromChinaNationalYstructurewasthat,ratherthancoordinatingthetreatmentofparticularpatients(e.g.,byreferringthempressuretocompetewithoneanotherfortreatmopportunities.Asaresult,patientswereadmittedhospitalstoreceivetreatmentforconditionstprimarycareclinicorcommunity-basedhealthcarecenter.Thepatients,fortheirpart,trustedhospitalsfarmorethanlower-tierproviderstodeliveradequateprimarycarewhilealsopromotinggreatercoordinationandintegrationbetweenprovidersatdifferenttiersofthesystem.Itdidthisthroughestablishingmedicalalliances:integratednetworksofprovidersacrosssystemtiers,eachledbyaltheurbancenters,oracountyhospitalthesecases,thehoreferralstothelower-tiermembersofthealliance.administrativeresourcesandresponsibilities(oftenincludinginformationtechnologysythisapproachmaybeparticultoredistributeannualsavingstoitsmembers.38Whilethesereformssfacilitiesarestillprimarilypaidbyfee-for-serviceandthereforeeachfacilitywithinthealliadonotreferpatientsdownwardormakestohelpprimarycarefacilitiesinthealliancetoimprovefragmented,andreferralarrangementsarefarfromefficient.Patientsstillgodirectlytohospitalstoreceivetreatmentformildailments,aproblemmadeworsebythefactthatChina’sSHIprogramhospitalcaremoregenerouslyanattempttoencouragemoretreatmentattheprimarytoencourageresidentstoregisterwitparticipationinthisprogramremainslow.Whigovernmentaimedtoachievsystemingeneralandarittocontroltheiraccesstohigher-tiercare.39theclinicalcompetenceofthroughtrainingprogramswithmajorhospitals,theandartificialintelligence-enableddiagnosticsoftwarebecomesavailabletobneedforexpert-levelprimarycarepractitionerswithinashortageofhighlyeducatedhealthcarforhowitwillconfrontthischallenge.Atthefoundationhomes,7%willreceiveitwiththesuppHCBSavailabilityremainslmajorurbancenters.Therearesiintheinfrastructureneededtomeetthefargreaterparticipation,rehabilitativeandpost-acutecarefortheelderly,geriatriccounselingandattentionandpoliticalwill,thechallengeisgreaterinthatrelyuponhighpopulationdresourceconstraintsplaguingmuchofruralChina,implementingcostliercaremodelsintheirplaceisnotYofmorelong-termcarefacilities,policymakersshouldturntheirattentiontoaddressingtheunderlyingissuesofqualityandaffordabilitythatmakethesefacilitsolutionformanyfamilies.Oneofthemostimposoughttoaddressthistheducationprogramstotrcareworkers,interestinthefieldremainslimited,advancementprospectsanddifficultworkingcTheeldercareworkforunusuallyeffectivejobofminimizingCov(especiallyamongw45andelevatedratesofmentalillness,particularlyanddelayedtreatmentforotherhealthconditominimizedisruptionstomentalhealthtreatmentinvestmentsintelemedicine,particularlyinqualityassurance,aswellasinreal-timemonitoringoftheincidenceofpsychiatricconditionsandtwofundamentalobjectives.First,itisarubricforhowChinaplanstofulfillitshealth-relatedcommitmentsincorporatingconsiderationsofpopulationhealthandenvironmentalqualityandsustafunctionofahealthsyhigh-qualitycurativwiderarrayofbehavioral,environmental,demogrnutritional,andotherfactors,alongsidethemorespecificissueofhealthsystemperfounderstandsthenecessityofonimprovingcurativecareepidemiologicalanddemographictransitions.47inaccordancewithfourvalues:prioritizinghealjustice,particularlyinthedistributionofhealthcarereformsonawiderangeofmetrics,generallyfallingintofivecategories:healthstatus,healthscareindustry,healthylifestyle,andenvspanfromstandardpopulationhealthmetrics(likelifeexpectancyandinfantandnursesinthecountry,hebehavioralhealthmetricsfitnessrates),healthlishouldcontinuetoputdownwardpressugeneralpractitionersper10,000reimprovedthequalityofdrinkingwaternationwide,withYAdditionalindicator/fgh/;China’schangesinindividualheainitiativesforairandwaterqualityinocitiesoritseasterncoast,inrurallongascrushingpovertypersistsinwillremainpoor.56Onesignundernutrition,whichplaguesruralareas.Arecentstudyofschool-agechildrenofstunting(definedusingheight-for-agez-scores)intundernutritionsignificantlymorecommonamongthoselivinginruralareasthanamongthoseand59aredeficientinimportantmicronutrients.58Furthermore,ruralChinaalsostruggleswithlimitedquality.Multiplestudieslookingattheinequalityinthedistributionofhealthcarefacilities,inequalityinthedistributitoreduceinequalityindoctorsbyurban/ruralstatus,which,infact,hasgrowniwhilethereformsdidfunnelhealthcareresourcesruralareas,thoseresourcesweredisproportionaabsorbedbythewealthiestruincreasinginequalitruralcountiespost-20Itcontributestofindingsthat,forinstance,onlinotherupper-middle-incomecountries,estimatedillnessburdenisattributabletoalcoholism,66ratesofseekcare.67Partofthelowutilizationcareisattributabletosupply-sidefactorsthatimpedemiddle-andhigh-incomecountries,andithasjustone-spiteofitsfarlargerpopultroublingly,multiplestudieshavedocumenstigmatowardpeoplewithmentalillnessamonghealthheld,negativeattitudestowarremain.Inspiteofnear-universalbasicinscatastrophichealthdisparitiesinaccesstohlarge,highlightingthewell-knownqualityissuesinthetransitiontomoreefficientintegrateddelivery.burdendrawattentiontothedeficienciescareinfrastructure,whichremainsoutofstepwithademographictransitiononthisscale.Furthermore,marketwillbecomeincreasinglyurgentandhistoricallyhighstakes.ThisillustratesthefundamentalsenseinnationstheworldotheprivatesectorinproducingpopulYisbyfarthelargestrecipientofphilanthropicsupport.foundationsinChina,showsareineducation.HealtButthisnumberdoesnotpresentthechartreliesonfoundationsself-identifyinghealthcarethewordyiliao(医疗)or“medicaltreatment”aswellmedicalassistanceforthosewithhearingimpairmentprojectsoverall,health-relatedexpendituresarehigJustunderathirdofphilanthropicfundingflowstofarbehindwitharound27% Bureaus.Inthesereports,foundationsgrouptheirprojectsintocategoriessuchashealth,education,etc.Thisiswhatwe50%higherthantherunner-upasapprovalstocarryoutdrugtrials,theywillalmost724.62millionpharmaceuticalpharmaceuticalpharmaceutical4.01million4.34millionItalsohelpsexplainthethird-largesttyandprivatephilanthropiststhatitwasessentialtobuildthecapacityoflocalhealthproAlleviationOffice,identifiedeliminating“blankspots”Withabsolutepovertyintherear-viewmirrgovernmentisfocusingonruralrevitalization.Philanthropicdonationstohealthcarewillcontinuetostructuralhealthcarechallenges.YrolloutfreehealthexaminationservicesforvulnerabletofurtheritsreachtoruralcommunitiesthroughitsThisprojecttookmultipleprofessionalmedicalteamstoprematuremortalityandnonmotilityaswellastheneedforsubsequenttreatmenttinterventionprogramwsituation,butthereisstillanpoverty-strickencountieswasreNutritionImprovementPlan(中国营养改善行动计划),Studieshaveshownadramatic(mainlyamongchildren),aswellasmalnutrition,whichareas.Thedualchallengesofnutandovernutritionrequ87teachertraininginnutritionandhealth,theprogramand,fundamentally,improvetheirnutritionalstatusandwellbeing.governmentdepartmentstoprovideincoverageforhigher-riskpeopl95home-based,community-basedorinstitutionalizedcare.102totransferourbusinesscapabilitidevelopmentoftheentiremedicapartofTaikang’scorporatesocialresponsibThesecafeteriasareoperatedwiththefinancialsupportofcharitablefoundationsandsubsidiesfroelderlyathomeinthe13thFive-YearPlanperiod].Retrievedfrom院),forinstance,offersclassesrangingfromwiththeirhomeworkandofferclassestootherseniors.YTheword“disability”typicallyconjuresuimpairmentsfromblindnesstoparalysis,limitationsduetodifficultyineatingorwalking,oranyrestrictionstransportationduetodiscrimination.116disability.117ThecurrentestimateforCh118Thesefigureswillcontbarriersineducation,healthservicesfacilitateaccesstorehabilitationserremainsanunderservedareathatwarranattentionfromphilanthropists.OurdatashowsthatThroughavarietyofpersonaltransformationinitiatives,thecenterseekstohelpdiintosocietyandunlockcacorporationsandinternationaldonors,includingChinaofthecenter’smostpersonalizedclassestohelpstudentsbthat“many[oftheirstudents]feeltheyhavelittlectendencyofself-criticism,andimprovetheirabilitytobeentrainedonlineinthisreport,showcasestherearesomedistinctcharacteristicsofphilanthropy.Firstandforemost,Chingovernmentinitiativesbysupplementcashdonationsinpoorruralareas,philanthroabletohelpthegovernmentproject,whichaimstotacklepoorchildnutrition,integrationwithgovernmentinitiativesKramercoinedtheterm“sharedvalue”todescribeformanyyears.InChinandcommunityimperatives.Corporatephilanthrolongerandhealthierlives,theirinsurancepolicieswillhecouldhelpresidentsimprovetheirqualityoflifewmakingtheseestatesmoreattractiveinthemarketplace.Thesekindsofwin-wdeputy-ministeriallevelbureauwasrecentlyestablishedbythecentralgovernmenAdministrationforRuralRevitalization(国家乡村振兴局).investmentwillnotonlybedirectedtothecoofnewairportsorhigh-speedtrainsbuttoruralconstruction.So,whatdoesruralconstruchisphilanthropywithbusiUtilizingbusinessaperspectivesleadsphilanthropy:fosteringinnovationsolutionandimplementitacromedicalspecialtybgovernmentandhospicountrytodoit.”128PilotingYcontributionsaphilanthropistcanmake.skilledtalentwhoundAnotherdefiningcharacteristicofChineseofChineseUltra-High-Net-WorthFamiliesattests,therephilanthropists.129Ourcase,andtherearetwoprimaryreasonsandpragmatism.filialpiety.Duringthecontract-signingceremonyorevealedhisintentionofbuildingthestate-of-the-art“Itisdifficulttobuildsuchahospitalandisnomeanscultivationandcooperation,andsupportfromallparties.togivelong-term‘bloodtransfusion’tothehospital.ButIpast,communitieswouldbandtogebrighteststudenttotaketheimperialexaminationsfulfillingthisrole.philanthropytoberemediasufferduetostructuralinadequhowever,asphilanthropists-cum-businessmenandwomenutilizetheskillsandinterview,itisimportanttofindthe“kongjian”orspacefoundation,itisimportanttothinkthroughwhatissuesinterventionsinterventionsviInourstudies,wYrelatedcharitieswhichhelpwithillnessestheyhavepersonalexperiencewith.strategic,butitalsomustbefromttocureadiseaseormitigatesufferingisaniby-productofcompassionatsolutionswhichemploybusinessstrateisChinaMobileFoundation’sreliefprogrchildreninruralareasoperationsandstaffvolunteerstoofferextalleviatetheburdenofpoorfamilieswithsickchildren.strategyorcausefor“donorfatigue”.Itisinthoft-usedmodelwithinChinesephilanthropy.thinkingaboutsocialinvestmentintermsofaportfoliosituationswhichoftenrequiremorethanonepY•Interviewsof29principals,mana•MediaresourcesincludingthePhilalevelinformationdisclosureplatformsadministeredbyinformationdisclosureplatforthroughtriangulationwithtrusteddatasources,includingThenumericalandtreportswasstructuredintoaconsistentformatandWithreferencetoNLPresults,ourtomainlandChinaare---AllianceInstitute---------Ybillion].Retrievedfrom/html/yaowen/16425.htmllion].Retrievedfrom/20080428/ChineseUltra-High-Net-WorthFamilies.GlobalFamilyGenerous:ExaminingTrendsinContemporaryChinese/uploads/inChina.AVPN.Retrievedfromhttps://avcontent/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/01/Philanthropy-in-neseUltra-High-Net-WorthFamilies(p.5).GlobalFamilymaticPhilanthropy:AsianCharityExplained(p.26).Pal-/our-research/doing-good-index-2020/neseUltra-High-Net-WorthFamilies(p.5).GlobalFamily/report/the-wealth-x-billionaire-T.,&Zhu,J.(2020).BlueBookofPhilanthropy:AnnualReportonChina’sPhilanthropyDevelopmentT.,&Zhu,J.(2020).BlueBookofPhilanthropy:AnnualReportonChina’sPhilanthropyDevelopmentT.(2018).BlueBookofPhilanthropy:AnnualReportonChina’sPhilanthropyDevelopment(2018)(p.15Tencent.CorporateResponsibility:TencentC/en-us/responsibility/tencent-charity-foundation.html发布我国已有社区基金会187家[Reportreleaseoncommunityfoundations].Retrievedfromhttp://www.gon-/html/yanjiubaogao/2021/07/17966.html2020年审计报告[ChinaCancerFoundatio2020].Retrievedfrom/uploadfiRetrievedfrom/zgcb/con-Chen&A.J.Saich(Eds.)PhilanthropyforHealtYang,T.(2017).BlueBookofPhilanthropy:AnnualReportonChina’sPhilanthropyDevelopment(2017)(p.Yang,T.,&Zhu,J.(2020).AnnualReportonChina’sPhilanthropyDevelopment(p.lanthropyEducationDevelopmentinChina.InstituteforPhilanthropyTsinghuaUniversity.Retriev/d/file/Funded1/Charity/2020-from/our-research/doing-good-PragmaticPhilanthropy:AsianCharityExplained(p.6).investedintargetedpovertyalleviatPhilanthropyTimes.Retrievedfromhttp://www.gongy-WorldinData.Retrievedfromhttps://ourworldindata.org/age-structureWorldinData.Retrievedfrom/burden-of-diseaseJournalofAffectiveDisorders,268,95-101,RetrievedWorldinData.Retrievedfrom/burden-of-diseaseYchiatry,33(2).Rete0245945.Retrievedfrom/10.1371/jHealth,PopulationandNutrition,37,8.RetrievedaBreakthroughforImprovingHealth.GlobalHealthPromotion,26(4):96-99.Retrievedfromhttps://doi.AVisionforHealthCare.ValueinHealthRegionalImprovingHealth.GlobalHealthPromotion.RetrievedmatureMortalityfromNon-CommuniRetrievedfrom