2025版新教材高中英语Unit5Education课时作业四Lesson3Understanding北师大版选择性必修第二册

课时作业(四)Lesson3Understanding必备学问基础练进阶训练第一层Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theearliestpeoplewerehuntersandgathererswhomade________(原始的)stonetools.2．Thestormgotworseandworse.Finally,Iwasobligedto________(放弃)thecareandcontinueonfoot.3．Itwas________(明显的，明显的)thatmuchofwhattheyrecordedwasfarfromthetruth.4．His________(分析)ofurbanuseofagriculturallandhasbeenprovedessentiallycorrect.5．Weareworkingonthe________(假定，假设)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.6．Hehadacquiredmuch________(才智)duringhislonglife.7．Liftshavereplaced________(传统的)stairsinshoppingcentres,officesandapartmentblocks.8．Itiswithoutdoubtthatthetouristindustryisof________(极其重要的)importancetothenationaleconomy.9．Theideaofaparallel________(宇宙)ishardtograsp.10．Theship'ssailcasta________(阴影)onthewater.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Manylendersbelievethatsmallfarmersare________(efficient)andlackmanagementskills.2．Inbrief,myhometownisaplacewhichis________(worth)ofbeingvisited.3．Parliamenttoday________(approve)thepolicy,butithasnotyetbecomelaw.4．Sherepeatedly________(urge)hersonnottotellanyoneaboutit.5．Thefamousplayerhasbeenoneofthemost________(respect)basketballplayersinthelastdecade.6．Usingcomputershas________(benefit)effectonchildren'slearning.7．He________(owe)hisgoodhealthtohisregularlife.8．It'sgoodtobebackin________(civil)aftertwoweeksinatent.9．________(obvious),wedon'twanttospendtoomuchmoney.Ⅲ.选词填空approveof,maketheassumption,beusedtodoingsth.,tendtodosth.,goagainst1．People________________thatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.2．Afterthepresentation,allpeopletendedto________theideaputforwardbythem.3．Women________livelongerthanmen.4．Idon'twantto____________________youwill.5．He____________________gettingupearly.Ⅳ.单句写作1．她的头发会变成灰白色让她有点担忧。(it作形式主语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．早先的报道示意周日可能会召开一次会议。(suggest)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．随着考试的接近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的办法。(with的复合结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．她最终成了一名优秀的作家，这并不惊奇。(Itisnotsurprisingthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．因为他是裁缝，他知道怎样处理这块布料。(as引导缘由状语从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________关键实力提升练进阶训练其次层Ⅰ.阅读AYoungmumsshoppingintheCopleyMallindowntownBostonlastmonthfoundthemselvesbeingquestionedabouttheiruseofsoapbystudentsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolusuallyknownasHBS.Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.The900studentsarrivinginBostonthissummerfortheirtwo­yearcourseweretoldthattheywouldbesubjects.ThenewpracticaladditiontoHBS'scurriculumisknownas“FIELD”thatstandsforFieldImmersionExperiencesforLeadershipDevelopment.Fieldwork—ie,goingoutandtalkingtopeople—isabigchangeforHBS.Notallthestaffandstudentswereoverjoyedtobeexperimentedon.Butthemanresponsible,NitinNohria,headofHBS,saysthat“Ifitworks,theFIELDmethodcouldbecomeanequalpartnertothecasemethod.”Whathappensinthesecondyearofthenewcourseisstillbeingworkedout.Butthefirstyearhasthreeelements.First,team­buildingexercises.Studentstaketurnstoleadagroupengagedinaproject.Theylearntocooperateandtogiveandtakefeedback.Second,studentswillbesenttoworkforaweekwithoneofmorethan140firmsin11countries.Inthethirdpartofthecourse,studentswillbegiveneightweeks,andsendmoneyof$3，000each,tolaunchasmallcompany.Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.Theexperimentdoesnotcomecheap,adding5～10%tothecourse'scost,whichHBSwillbearwhileitfiguresoutwhatworks.1．Whywerethestudentsquestioningthoseyoungmumsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Topromoteanantibacterialcleanser.B．Toearnsomemoney.C．Topreparetohelpafirmtomakeaproduct.D．Tomakeastudyaboutsoap.2．Accordingtotheplanforthefirstyearcourse,thestudents________．A．willbeledbyagroupandlearntogiveandtakefeedbackB．willhavetosetupasmallcompanyandearnatleast$3，000withineightweeksC．willgetmorefundingifhis/hercompanyisconsideredtobemostsuccessfulbythefellowstudentsD．willbesenttoworkwithoneofmorethan140firmsthroughoutthecountry3．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewCourseB．WaysofLearningC．LearningBusinessinPracticeD．LaunchingaNewBusinessBSaraHinesley,whois10,doesn'tunderstandwhyitissoremarkablethatshewonanationalhandwritingcompetition.Sara,athird­gradestudentatSt.JohnRegionalCatholicSchoolinFrederick,Maryland,wonthe2024NicholasMaximawardforhercursive(草书的)handwriting.Shepaintsanddraws,andsculptsclay.ShecanwriteinEnglishandsomeChinese.Whenshelearnttowriteincursivethisyear,Sarasaid,shethoughtitwas“kindofeasy”.ThisisalldespitethefactthatSarawasbornwithouthands.Towrite,Saraholdsherpencilbetweenherarmsandthenfocusesontheshapesofletters,eachpointandcurve.“Writingincursivefeelslikecreatingartwork，”Sarasaid.“Ilikethewaythelettersareformed.It'skindofart.”Sarahasneverwornaprosthesis(artificialarms),andwhensheisofferedhelporatoolthatmighteasesometasks—suchascuttingpaperwithscissors—sherejectsit,saidhermother,CathrynHinesley.Shehasthisindependenttrendwhereshejustknowsthatshecandoitandshe'llfigureoutherownway.Sheisbeautifulandstrongandmightyjustthewaysheis,andshejustlivesthatway.Shereallydoes.Shemovesthroughlifeinthiswaythatyouneverreallyseeherashavingadisabilitybecauseshehasa“can­do,I­can­solve­anythingattitude”．“Saraisanevidenceofstrongwillandthehumanspirit，”Cathrynsaid.“EverydayIamamazedatthethingssheiscapabletodoandthatshechoosestodo.Shedoesn'tattempttofindherwaytoavoidadifficulty.Shefindsawaytofinishthetask.”Sarareceivedhernationalaward—amedal—atanawardceremonyonJune13,whereshewasalsogivena$500prize.SheisthefirststudentfromSt.John'stoeverreceivetheNicholasMaximaward.4．Wecaninferfromthefirstsentencethat________．A．SaramakeseveryefforttowintheawardB．SaraconsidersiteasytowintheawardC．Saradoesn'ttaketheawardseriouslyD．Saraisexcitedatwinningtheaward5．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeSara?A．Brave.B．Intelligent.C．Generous.D．Strong­minded.6．WhatisimpliedinCathryn'swords?A．SheexpectsSaratobeindependent.B．SheisgreatlyproudofSaraHinesley.C．Shedoesn'tthinkSarahasadisability.D．SheisconcernedaboutSara'sfuture.7．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health.B．Education.C．Science.D．Entertainment.CWhereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?Afteryou'vedonesightseeinginLondon,shoppinginNewYork,tastedthelocalfoodinParis,anddancedtoyourheart'scontentattheBrazilianCarnival,whereelsecanyougo?Whatexotictouristdestinationawaitsyou?Well,Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!It'sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandit'sstillasmallscale.About37，000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason,butmanywon'tevenleavetheboat.TheBBC'sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaskedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprintsandtheyallgotothesameplace,theaccessiblecoastline,whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotobreed.Butsomepeoplebelievethatifcarefullycontrolled,tourismcanbegoodforAntarctica.Ithasnonativepopulationanditneedsadvocates.Visitorstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosupportandeventofunditspreservation.Andthey'relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming,whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.AccordingtoRix,guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou'reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfect(为……消毒)theirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced.Andonceonland,there'snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks,bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind.TouristsfortunateenoughtovisitAntarcticamustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.8．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.A．AntarcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravelB．onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarcticaC．AntarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivitiesD．noanimalscansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguins9．JulietRix'stravelinAntarcticamentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat________．A．governmentsshouldtakemeasurestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarcticaB．whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticaornotshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC．theanimals'habitatinAntarcticahasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourismD．onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarctica10．WhatcantouristsdowhilestayinginAntarctica?Theycan________．A．eatandsmokeinAntarcticaB．takesomethingtheylikefromAntarcticaC．throwawaysomethingtheydon'tneedinAntarcticaD．enjoythebeautifulsceneryinAntarctica11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Whycan'ttouristsgotoAntarctica?B．HowcantouristsgotoAntarctica?C．ShouldtouristsgotoAntarctica?D．AretouristsallowedtogotoAntarctica?Ⅱ.七选五Adogisknownasman'sbestfriendbecauseitcanenrichitsowner'slifeinmanyways.__1__Manyteenagerssufferfromperiodsofnoself­confidenceastheytrytodealwithadolescence(青春期).Ateenagerwithoutself­confidencemaybeunabletotellhisparentsaboutproblems.Withadogaround,itcanbeahugecomfort.Adogoffersitsunconditionallove.__2__Alldogsneedexercise,sotakinghisdogforawalkistheperfectopportunityforateenagertogetoutdoorsandenjoyfreshairandphysicalactivities.Exerciseallowspeopletotakecontroloftheirbodies,whichisgoodfortheirlife.__3__Exercisereleaseschemicalswhichimproveself­confidence.Dogscanhelpteenagersmakenewfriends.__4__Adogisagreatice­breaker,makingtheteenagerfeelcomfortablewithpeoplehemeets.Themoreconfidenthebecomeswhenoutandaboutwithhisdog,themorehisself­confidencewillimprove.__5__Ifateenagerisdevelopingdangeroushabitssuchasdrinking,moreactionmayberequired.Inthesecasesprofessionalhelpshouldbesought.Parentsshouldaskahealthprofessional(专业人士)foradviceiftheybelievethere'sasignofafarmoreseriousproblem.A．Petsofferanunconditionallovethatcanbeveryhelpful.B．Youdon'thavetoworryabouthurtingyourpet'sfeelings.C．Itsimplyacceptsitsownerforwhoheisanddoesn'tjudgeorquestion.D．Particularly,someonewithoutself­confidencemayfindapetdoghelpful.E．Ateenmaymeetsomeoneofthesameagewhilewalkinghisdoginthepark.F．Insomecases,havingadogwillnothelpimproveateenager'sself­confidence.G．Manyformsofexercisebesideswalkingcanbeenjoyedwithadog,suchascycling.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.完形填空MynameisMirandaGibson.Ihavebeenatthetopofatreeforfivemonthsnow.Somepeoplemightwonder__1__onearthIwouldchoosetodothat.Ihavewalkedthroughthisforestmanytimes.On12December2011,__2__rolledintotheforestandthedestruction(摧毁)began.Icouldn't__3__thethoughtthattheseforestswouldbe__4__forever.So，on14December2011,Ipackedupmylife,__5__ofmyjobplans,andclimbed60meterstothetopofthistree.Ihavebeenhereeversince.Lifeinthetreetopscanbe__6__attimes.IhavetimeswhenIfeelfrustrated(懊丧)andwishIcould__7__，toanywhere,justhavea__8__ofsceneryforaminute!Therearetimestoo,whenIfeelterribly__9__.Imissmyfriendsandfamily.__10__thesetimes,Ifindmyselflovingthe__11__.Livingonthetreehasbeeninspiring.Iamwillingto__12__uphereforaslongasittakes,__13__Ihonestlyhopeitwon'tbetoo__14__beforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbe__15__.1.A.whyB．whenC．howD．where2．A.waterB．animalsC．machineryD．tourists3．A.bearB．helpC．keepD．spare4．A.soldB．stolenC．protectedD．lost5．A.grewoutB．fellshortC．ranoutD．letgo6．A.refreshingB．riskyC．challengingD．rewarding7．A.getupB．getawayC．giveinD．giveup8．A.changeB．lookC．searchD．touch9．A.confusedB．nervousC．sorryD．lonely10．A.BeyondB．WithoutC．DespiteD．Unlike11．A.heightB．experienceC．backgroundD．position12．A.returnB．stopC．stayD．hide13．A.butB．thoughC．becauseD．so14．A.soonB．longC．nearD．bad15．A.movedB．loggedC．burnedD．missed[答题区]1～5________6～10________11～15________Ⅳ.语法填空TheBelovedCommunityinDenveristhecity'sfirsttinyhomevillageforthehomeless.Thevillageprovidesshelterforupto22people.It1.________(found)bycommunitypartners,privatedonors(捐赠者)andvariousorganizations.Thevillage,2.________willbeginthe180­daypilotprojectthisyear,istoprovidemeals,ashower,portabletoiletsand3.________coupleofgardens.Theself­governedvillagewillhelptodevelopasenseofself­esteemandcommunallivingforpeoplewhohavelonglivedontheedgeofsociety.TheBelovedCommunityaimstobuildtwomorevillages,4.________(provide)housingforatotalof300homelesspeople5.________alloverthecity.Theresidentswillbeabletofeelpartofthecommunity,getback6.________(they)confidenceandfeelathomeinasafeenvironment.49­year­oldJamiahRawlsthinksthetownshouldinspirethehomeless7.________(feel)better.“Thevillageshouldbe8.________(comfort)tolivein,sothattheycanfeelconfidentenoughandpullthemselvesup9.________(gradual).Andthevillageneedstogivethemsomeassistancesotheycanliveontheirown.”Thevillagewillofferpeople10.________(free)andaspace,wheretheycanrediscovertheirgoals.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时作业(四)Lesson3Understanding必备学问基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．primitive2.abandon3.obvious4.analysis5.assumption6．wisdom7.conventional8.vital9.universe10.shadowⅡ.单句语法填空1．inefficient2.worthy3.approved4.urged5.respected6．beneficial7.owes8.civilization9.ObviouslyⅢ.选词填空1．maketheassumption2.approveof3.tendto4.goagainst5.isusedtoⅣ.单句写作1．Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasgoingtoturngrey.2．EarlierreportssuggestedthatameetingwouldtakeplaceonSunday.3．Withexamsapproaching,itisagoodideatoreviewyourclassnotes.4．Itisnotsurprisingthatshefinallyturnedouttobeanexcellentwriter.5．Asheisatailor,heknowshowtodealwiththecloth.关键实力提升练Ⅰ.阅读A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍哈佛高校的一个新方案，即让学生通过实践学习。1．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.”可知，这些学生并不是在打临时工赚取零花钱，而是在帮助一家巴西的公司做调查，该公司打算推出一款抗菌洁面乳。由此可知，学生们询问年轻的妈妈们是为了推广一款抗病菌洁面乳。2．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.”可知，依据第一年的课程安排，假如同学们认为哪个公司是最胜利的，那么该公司将获得更多的资金。3．答案与解析：C主旨大意题。哈佛商学院改进了商业课程，让学生走出教室，把学到的学问运用到实践中去，所以C项LearningBusinessinPractice(在实践中学习商业学问)适合做本文的标题。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了10岁的三年级学生Sara身残志坚的故事。4．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据第一句可推想出，Sara并没有特别看重这个奖项，因为她觉得这是一件很平常的事情。故选C项。5．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第五段的最终三句及第六段中的“Saraisanevidenceofstrongwillandthehumanspirit”可知，Sara是一个意志坚决的孩子，因为她有“乐于尝试，我可以解决任何事情的看法”。因此用strong­minded(意志坚决的)来形容她最贴切。6．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据倒数其次段可推想出，Sara的妈妈为自己的女儿感到傲慢。B项“SheisgreatlyproudofSaraHinesley.”符合题意。7．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据其次段可知，本文讲解并描述的是一个学生获得书法奖项的故事，由此可推想出这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教化板块。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了去南极洲旅游的状况和对游客的要求。8．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据其次段其次句“It'sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.”可知，它被认为是地球上最终的未开发的地区。由此可推知，南极洲受人类活动的影响较小。9．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据第四段中的“askedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment”以及“Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprintsandtheyallgotothesameplace”可推知，人们是否应当去南极洲旅游应仔细地考虑一下。10．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“there'snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks,bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind”可知，A、B、C三项的说法均与原文不符；依据尾句中的“toenjoysuchbreathtakingviews”可知，游客可以在南极洲观赏到令人惊羡的景色。11．答案与解析：C标题推断题。通读全文可知，文章围围着“应不应当去南极洲旅游？”这一话题绽开，因此C项最适合作本文标题。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了狗对缺乏自信念的孩子有好处，可以陪伴他们，帮助他们交挚友，且对他们的健康有好处。但假如孩子养成了坏习惯，就要刚好求助于专业人士。1．答案与解析：DD项“Particularly,someonewithoutself­confidencemayfindapetdoghelpful.(没有自信念的人特殊能发觉拥有宠物狗的好处)”与下文“Manyteenagerssufferfromperiodsofnoself­confidenceastheytrytodealwithadolescence.(许多青少年在青春期时都经验了没有自信念的苦痛)”连接自然，符合语境，前后句的confidence是原词复现。2．答案与解析：C前文“Adogoffersitsunconditionallove.(狗能供应无条件的爱)”与C项“Itsimplyacceptsitsownerforwhoheisanddoesn'tjudgeorquestion.(它接受它的主子，从不评判或质疑他)”连接自然，前文的unconditional和C项中的doesn'tjudgeorquestion都是指狗对主子无条件的信任。3．答案与解析：GG项“Manyformsofexercisebesideswalkingcanbeenjoyedwithadog,suchascycling.(除漫步外，可以和宠物狗一起进行的运动还有许多，比如骑车)”与前文“Exerciseallowspeopletotakecontroloftheirbodies,whichisgoodfortheirlife.”及后文“Exercisereleaseschemicalswhichimproveself­confidence.”连接紧密，符合语境，这三处都在谈论运动以及运动对于青少年有好处。故选G项。4．答案与解析：EE项“Ateenmaymeetsomeoneofthesameagewhilewalkinghisdoginthepark.(青少年在公园遛狗时可能遇到他的同龄人)”与前文“Dogscanhelpteenagersmakenewfriends.(宠物狗有助于青少年结交新挚友)”连接自然，符合语境，遇到同龄人和交挚友属于相同话题。故选E项。5．答案与解析：FF项“Insomecases,havingadogwillnothelpimproveateenager'sself­co