专题08 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型通关）（原卷版）

专题08主旨大意题通关练主旨大意题解题策略名校优选专项通关练【解题策略】主旨大意题是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类题型时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于title和mainidea类题都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而发现文中隐含的信息。从命题形式看：常见的有标题类和主旨大意类。标题类解题策略特点：醒目性：充分引发读者的阅读欲望。概括性：准确而又简短。针对性：标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。方法：1.中心句法：利用主题中心句中的主题词作标题。2.整合法：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合后作标题。文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体裁文章主题句的常见位置不同，其作用各不相同。位置：首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主题，使读者一开始就明白文章的内容及主旨。末段（记叙文、议论文）。起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。在最后对全文进行概括和总结，进一步明确文章的中心思想，使作者的观点表达得更清楚。各段：各段主题句整合即文章大意。借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。。高频词：当文章或段落中没有明确的主题句时，可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高频词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨大意。线索：记叙文类文章都有一个主线，如，一个有趣的人或一件难忘的事等。全文围绕该主线组织材料。分析文章的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确选项特征：覆盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。范围不大也不小。精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。错误选项特征：过于笼统，范围过大。以偏概全，主次不分。偷换概念，张冠李戴。无中生有，主观臆断。【名校优选专项通关练】（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考模拟预测）TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen’spatternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,televisionreducedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1to2hours,whichwaspopularinthenineteenth-century,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepoliticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimplifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditionalpoliticalspeechofearlierageshasbeenlost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.Inshortvideos,politiciansassert(断言)butdonotargue.Becausetelevisionisanintimate(亲密的)medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstylethatismoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Television:anAgentofChangeinPolitics B．Television:aPlatformforPoliticalDebateC．Television:anAlternativetoStumpSpeech D．Television:aNewMediumforCommunication2.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测）July2023wastheworld’swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.UNSecretary—GeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan“eraofglobalboiling”.Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanet’sclimate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blockingparticles(粒子)intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity,US,outlinedaplantouse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes(纬度)of60degreesnorthandsouth.Theparticleswillthentraveltowardthepoles,whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”,accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSclimateexpert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea,makingthemwhiterandthustheyreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearchasawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport,theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthetechnology“offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyinafewyears”.However,followingthereport,anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KristenRasmussen,aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,US,hasbeenstudyinghowthesesun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswouldalsobeaffected.“Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis,”RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．CoolingOurPlanet B．EraofGlobalBoilingC．PumpingBlockingParticles D．TheTechniqueofCloudBrightening3.（2023·江苏无锡·高三无锡市第一中学校考）“Twelveyearsago,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenadiseasewentundiagnosedandwipedoutmymuscularsystem.Ifinallyendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.”Kaufmanrecalled,“IwentfromlivingthisbiglifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingtosurvive.Fortunately,onmybirthdayin2009,Ireceivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatlife!”AftervolunteeringinLosAngeleshospitals,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationofferedtransplantpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.“WhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidn’thavepost-transplant-housing,youcouldn’tgetlistedandadmittedintothehospital,”Kaufmansaid.Sheleanedthatforthenearly110,000peopleintheUSwaitingforalifesavingorgantransplant,itwasnotjustamatterofaddingyournametothelist.Patientsmustbefinanciallysecureandbeabletoaffordtransportation.What’smore,theymustfindaccommodationsneartheirtransplanthospital:Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocations,whichallowsthepatientstoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalduringtheperiodoftheiraftercare,typicallyaboutthreemonthsatnocost.Herorganizationalsohelpsdonorfamilies,whichshethinksmakesthewholecirclecomplete.“Oneorgandonorcansaveeightlivesandthenthere’stissueandskinandeyesandbloodvessels(血管)andsomanyotherthings,”Kaufmansaid.“Thedonoristhewholestory.Withoutthedonor,therearenotransplantcenters,notransplantsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.”Todate,Ava’sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?A．It’sbettertogivethantoreceive.B．Theblessedbeartheheartofgiving.C．Healthmattersmuchmorethanwealth.D．Volunteeringmakestheworldabetterplace.4.（2024·江苏徐州·高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）Intheanimalkingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillarsresemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesforthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswereunequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.16．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnimalMimicry:BuzzoffB．Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwlsC．ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD．ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls5.（2024上·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考阶段练习）Hibernation.....Butspeciesdon’tstayintheircold,sleepingstateforthedurationoftheirdormantperiod.About80percentoftheirenergyisspentintermittently(间歇地)wakingandwarmingup.Whytheydothisis“oneofthegreatestmysteries”ofthefield,saysThomasRuf,aprofessorofanimalphysiologyattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedtoturnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whileothersthinktheymaysimplyawakensotheycansleep.Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians(两栖动物),reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish—theAntarcticcod—thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming

20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.Whilebearsmightbethefirstthatcometomind,mostmammalianhibernatorsareonthesmallerside.“Theaveragehibernatorweighsonly70grams,”saysRuf.That’sbecauselittlebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovolumeratios,makingitmoretaxingfor

themtostaywarmincoldweather—sotheyneedtheseasonalenergysavingsmorethanlargeranimals.Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses______.A．whencertainanimalshibernate B．whatkindsofanimalshibernateC．whysomeanimalshibernate D．howanimalshibernate6.（2024上·湖南长沙·高三长郡中学校考期末）Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthisnearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchingafilmbecomesuchaslog?TheEconomistanalyzedover100,000featurefilmsreleasedinternationallysincethe1930s,thestartofHollywood’sgoldenage,usingdatafromIMDb,amoviedatabase.Theaveragelengthofproductionsrosebyaround24%,fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.Forthetenmost-populartitles,theaveragelengthgrewtoaroundtwoandahalfhoursin2022,nearly50%higherthaninthe1930s.Onedriverofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostoutoftheircostlyintellectualproperty(知识产权),buttheyarecompetingwithstreamingplatformsforeyeballs.Thehopeisthataspectacular,drawn-out“event”moviewilldrawaudiencesawayfromthesmallscreenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:Avengers:EndgameMarvel’sthree-hoursuperheromasterpieces,wasthehighest-grossing(票房最高的)filmin2019.Lastyearlongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfilmsinAmerica.Anotherexplanationforlongerfilmshastodowithdirectors’growinginfluence.WhowoulddaretellthelikesofMr.Nolantocutouthismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingplatforms,whichdonothavetoworryasmuchaboutthelengthbecauseviewerscanpausewhenevertheylike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthemsufficientfundandcreativefreedom.Netflixfundedandreleasedthree-hourTheIrishmanin2019,afilmthatwouldhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A．MovieEnthusiasts B．MovieMarathonsC．MovieProduction D．MovieInfluence7.（2023·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考）BenFrancisdidn’tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance(遗产).Instead,theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.Elevenyearslater,hisadolescentstrategyliterallypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthof$1.3billion,joinedForbes’billionaireslist.He’sinrarecompany:Thelist’saverageageis65yearsold.Originally,Francisandco-founderLewisMorganlaunchedGymsharkasawebsitesellingfitnesssupplements.Butaftergettingfedupwithhisill-fittingclothes,Francissuggestedpivotingthecompany.FrancisandMorganboughtasewingmachine.ThepairbroughtGymsharktoabodybuildingexhibitionin2013.butdidn’thaveanymoneytospendonadvertising.Onawhim(一时兴起),theydecidedtogivepopularfitnessYouTubersfreeproducts.“MyheroeswereonYouTube.“Francissaid.“SoitwouldbesocoolifmyheroescouldcometobewithGymsharkatthisevent.Ididn’treallythinkthatmuchaboutit.“Someofthoseinfluencerswentontoweartheapparelontheirchannels,launchingGymshark’sIsalesto$1,000perday,upfromjust$450.FranosquittheCEOrolein2017.“CEOwasnottherightroleformewhenIwasinmyearly20.“Francissaid.“ThatI’dstartedabusinessthathadgrownveryquicklydidn’tmeanIwasthemostcompetentchiefexecutive.“HespentthenextfouryearssupportingleadershiproleswithinGymshark—includingchiefproductofficerandchiefmarketingofficer—tolearnmoreabouttheinsandoutsofthebusiness.before,returningasCEOin2021.Thatyear,thecompanywasvaluedat1.45billion.Still,thecompany’sbillion-dollarvaluationisasmallpercentageofthemarketvalueofcompetitorslikeNikeandLululemon.“IreallythinkGymsharkcanbetheU.K.’sanswertothosebrands,”Francissaid.“Butthat’snotsayingthattheU.K.iswhereitstartsandendsforus.Wealsowanttobeatrulyglobalbrand.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Gymshark:FromawebsitetoabigcompanyB．Francis:FromaPizzaHutdeliveryguytoabillionaireC．Francis:StartingtheU.K.’sfastest-growingcompanyD．Gymshark:Takingtheleadinfitnessclothing8.（2024上·湖南衡阳·高三衡阳市八中校考期末）AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油废气)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(损害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB．TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC．AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD．ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention9.（2023·湖北荆州·高三湖北省松滋市第一中学校考）Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat—especiallyredmeat—inlargequantitiesisn’tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings—makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?JinanBanna,adietitianandnutritionprofessorattheUniversityofHawaiisaysthatsomefakemeatproductscanbeconsidered“ultra-processed”foods.“Thatmeanstheygothroughmultipleprocessesandhavealotofaddedingredients(配料),”shesaid.“Analternativeburger,forexample,mighthavequiteabitofsodium(钠),aswellasadditives.”Someoftheseadditivesareonthemarketforawhilebeforethescientificcommunitydeterminesthemtobeharmful,Bannaadded.“Anytimeyouseealonglistofingredients,including‘naturalflavors’,takeitasawarningsign.Inotherwords,eschewproductswithlengthyingredientlists,”saidSofiaPopov,amicrobiomescientistinCopenhagen.“Whoknowswhat’sactuallyinit?”Perhapsconvenienceisthebestargumentforbuyinganalternativemeatproductyoucansimplycookstraightoutofthebox,butsomehealthexpertssuggestotherplant-basedhealthfuloptionscanbesimple,too.Forexample,onabusyday,Bannasaidshewasabletothrowtogetheratempeh(atraditionalsoyaproduct)dishwhichsheputinalittleoil,vinegarandotherseasonings.“Wedefinitelyobtainnutrientsfromanimal-basedfood—ironandzincandothermineralsaswell.Butitalsocontainsfatandcholesterol,soit’sgoodtocontrolourintake,”saidBanna.“Vegetariansubstitutescanbeverytastysoweshouldn’tshyawayfromthem.”Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyIsPlant-basedMeatDying? B．AreFakeMeatProductsGoodForYou?C．FakeMeat:Food’sFutureOrAFashion? D．WhatHappenedToThePlant-basedMeat?10.（2023·湖北荆州·高三沙市中学校考阶段练习）......AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantumpropertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(协议)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesaclassicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthecustomer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.......WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks. B．Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.C．Whysinglephotonsarenecessary. D．Whatisimportantforonlinetrade.11.（2023·黑龙江高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）......TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganGreenSchoolcertificationfromthestate.Inadditiontotheirworkreducingwasteinthecafeteria,theGHSGreenTeamhasalsobuiltagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus,andleadscleanupsonsiteandoutinthecommunity.Overtheyears,Randallandhisstudentshavealsobeenworkingonraisingmoneytoinstallsolarpanels(太阳能板)ontheroofofthehighschool.......What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.12.（2024上·吉林长春·高三东北师大附中期末）MaryDickinshadbeenamemberoftheaudienceatpoetrynightsbeforeandknew“thepoetryclap”.Shemadeapolitetappingoffingers.Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演出)asaperformerattheageof62atthelegendaryBangSaidtheGunnightinsouthLondon,shesaid,“Itwassowild—likenothingIhadeverseenbefore.”Theaudiencestampedtheirfeetandshookshakers.“Itfelttransformative.Ithought,‘I’vegottohavemoreofthis,’”Dickinssaid.Becomingaperformancepoethasgivenheraplaceonastageofherownmaking.Allherlifeshehaswritten,mostlywithoutbeingseenorheard.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasnine,and,aftershewentintoacarehomeat13,Dickins’writingstayedinnotebooks.Really,shesays,alotofheradultlifehasbeenaboutgettingoverchildhoodshyness.Atuniversity—shestudiededucation—shemetherhusbandof40years,butinthreeyearsofseminarsshedidnotsayaword.Someofthisresultsfromheryearsatthechildren’shome.Shesays,“Itgavemeasenseofwhatit’sliketobeexcluded.Ineverfittedinanywhere.”Aftershegraduated,shediscoveredthatshelovedworkingwithpeoplewithlearningdisabilities.Shebecameanexpertininclusiveeducation.“Thatwasmyniche(称心的职业),”shesays.ShepublishedbooksandreturnedtotheUniversityofNorthLondonasaseniorlecturerinearlychildhoodstudies.Dickinsnowseesthatinadulthoodshehasbeengivingherselfpermissiontobesilly.“ThesillierIallowmyselftobe,thebetterthewritingis,”shesays.Herobservationsarehumorous.“Puttingthingsintowordsandgivingshapetoyouremotionsisanimportantpartofcomingtotermswiththethingsthathappeninlife,”shesays.Doesshestillfeellikeanoutsider?“IthinkI’vemadeitintoavirtue.IcelebratethefactthatIdon’tfitintoabox.Finally!Youhavetowaittillyou’re62tofeelconfident!”shesays.“ButIhaveasenseofwhoIamandI'mproudofit.Iwouldn’tbeanyoneelsenow—andittookmealongtimetosaythat.”Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MaryDickins’NewStartafter60 B．MaryDickins’FirstPerformanceC．MaryDickins’TroubledWritingCareer D．MaryDickins’ImpactonPerformancePoets13.（2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模）Animalappeartopredictearthquakesbysensingelectricityintheair—thefirststudytofindreliableevidenceofthephenomenonhasshown.Camerasrevealedan“amazing”dropinthenumberofanimalsupto23daysbeforeamajorquakehittheirrainforesthomeatYanachagaNationalParkinPeru.LeadscientistDrRachelGrant,fromAngliaRuskinUniversity,said,“Theresultsshowedthatjustbeforetheearthquake,animals’activitydroppedrightdown.”OnanormaldaythecamerasplacedaroundYanachagaNationalParkrecordbetween5and15animals.Butinthe23daysbeforetheearthquake,thenumberofanimalsdroppedtofiveorfewerperday.Noanimalswerephotographedatallonfiveofthesevendaysimmediatelybeforethequake.Anotherstudyshowedthatanimalactivityremainedn