Mayan 玛雅文明精讲

1、MAYAN CIVILIZATION 玛雅文明 Present by : 吴泽敏 史晓桐 刘敏怡 胡佳昕 Some films and television works ORIGIN 玛雅起源 Maya History The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican（中美洲），noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas as well as its art，architecture , mathematical and astron

2、omical systems . Maya History Initially established during the preclassic period many of these reached their apogee（顶点）of development during the classic period ，and continued throughout the post classic period until the arrival of the Spainish . At its peak ，it was one of the most densely (密集地)popul

3、ated dynamic societies in the world. origin 玛雅起源 ? Brief Introduction ? Geographical Extent West borders Pacific Ocean fertile plain Yucatan Peninsula Cenotes (excavated caverns) for water in east RELIGION 玛雅宗教 啊 religion 玛雅宗教 Religion interwinds culture life.宗教与文化生活息息相关。 The capital of a city-state

4、 is also the center of religions. 城邦的首都同样也是宗教的中心。 Mayan have great faith in 啊 religion.玛雅人对宗教的信仰坚定不移。 They worship helios, rain god, god of death, god of grain, Mars, god of corn etc. 他们崇拜太阳神、雨神、五谷神、死神、战神、玉米神等。 MYSTERY RELIC 玛雅神秘文物 Mystery relic 玛雅神秘文物 Crystal skull Mystery relic 玛雅神秘文物 Death mask C

5、HARACTER AND NUMBER 玛雅文字数字 character 玛雅文字 Mayan glyphs ? First appeared Ca. the Christian era ? 800 hieroglyphs ? translated ? Mainly represent days, months, numbers, directions, colors and deities. 啊 ? Most of them recorded on stone tablet石碑, plank木板, pottery and books。 character 玛雅文字 ? A set of sy

6、llabic glyphs, each chracter contains four syllabaries. ? somewhat similar in function to modern Japanese writing. 啊 Math 玛雅数学 ? Math based on multiples of 20 ? 0, 1, 2 ? 5, 6 ? 10, 11 ? 15, 16 CALENDAR 玛雅历法 啊 calendar 玛雅历法 Complex calendar system ? the Tzolkin卓金历 260 days a cycle ? 太阴历 6 months a c

7、ycle ? the lunar calendar 阴月历 29 or 30 days a cycle ? the solar calendar 太阳历 365 days a cycle 啊 calendar 玛雅历法 Amazing! 地球年 Now 365.2422 days， Mayan 365.2420 days。 金星年 The time that Venus turn a round at the sun. 啊 Now 584 days Mayan 583.92 days calendar 玛雅历法 Primary life But Accurate math,astronomy,

8、calendar 啊 Mystery meaning 玛雅研究启示 8世纪末世纪末-9世纪末世纪末 玛雅文明毁灭：玛雅文明毁灭： Maya civilization in that region had collapsed , the Classic cities in the southern lowlands were abandoned 原因不得而知原因不得而知 众人观点：众人观点： ?exhaust the environment around them that it could no longer sustain a very large population. ? constan

9、t warfare among competing city-states led the complicated military, family and trade alliances between them to break down, along with the traditional system of dynastic power. As the stature of the holy lords diminished, their complex traditions of rituals and ceremonies dissolved into chaos. Finall

10、y, some catastrophic environmental changelike an extremely long, intense period of droughtmay have wiped out the Classic Maya civilization. meaning 玛雅研究启示 overpopulation, overuse of the land, endemic warfare and drought ?So what lessons can we draw from the Mayan civilization collapse? ?harmony between